[Optimisation of early diagnosis of prostatic diseases in megapolis setting].

One of the aims in the strategy of Moscow health service is perfection of early diagnosis of urological diseases. Examination of about 1.500000 males over 50 years was conducted in 2002-2007. The number of PSA tests rose 5-fold for 5 years. The number of ultrasonographies and transrectal ultrasonic investigations of the prostate rose from 21650 (2002) to 128890 (2007), the number of polyfocal biopsies--from 2165 (2002) to 12219 (2007). The rate of detection of prostatic diseases increased from 1146 cases per 100000 adult male population (1999) to 2097 (2007). Chronic prostatitis was registered in 17.8%, prostatic adenoma in 29.6% examinees, new cases of prostatic cancer were detected in 0.86% examinees. Standard prostatic cancer morbidity rose from 30.4 to 47.0 per 100000 male population. Percentage of early detected prostatic cancer increased from 42.9% in 2000 to 62% in 2007, detection of prostatic cancer stage III-IV reduced from 27.3% in 2000 to 16.6% in 2007. Thus, new prophylactic measures improved efficacy of outpatient urological service, raised rate of detection of chronic prostatitis, prostatic adenoma, prostatic cancer

Harmful alcohol use among acutely ill hospitalized medical patients in Oslo and Moscow: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of harmful alcohol use in relation to socio-demographic characteristics among acutely ill medical patients, and examine identification measures of alcohol use, including the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth). METHODS: A cross-sectional study, lasting one year at one hospital in Oslo, Norway and one in Moscow, Russia recruiting acute medically ill patients (≥ 18 years), able to give informed consent. Self-reported data on socio-demographics, mental distress (Symptom Check List-5), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-4 (AUDIT-4) and alcohol consumption past 24 h were collected. PEth and alcohol concentration were measured in whole blood. RESULTS: Of 5883 participating patients, 19.2% in Moscow and 21.1% in Oslo were harmful alcohol users, measured by AUDIT-4, while the prevalence of PEth-positive patients was lower: 11.4% in Oslo, 14.3% in Moscow. Men in Moscow were more likely to be harmful users by AUDIT-4 and PEth compared to men in Oslo, except of those being ≥ 71 years. Women in Oslo were more likely to be harmful users compared to those in Moscow by AUDIT-4, but not by PEth for those aged < 61 years. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of harmful alcohol use was high at both study sites. The prevalence of harmful alcohol use was lower when assessed by PEth compared to AUDIT-4. Thus, self-reporting was the most sensitive measure in revealing harmful alcohol use among all groups except for women in Moscow. Hence, screening and identification with objective biomarkers and self-reporting might be a method for early intervention.