RESUMEN
The design and synthesis of novel 1a,2,5,5a-tetrahydro-1H-2,3-diaza-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-carboxamide CB2 selective ligands for the potential treatment of pain is described. Compound (R,R)-25 has good balance between CB2 agonist potency and selectivity over CB1, and possesses overall favorable pharmaceutical properties. It also demonstrated robust in vivo efficacy mediated via CB2 activation in the rodent models of inflammatory and osteoarthritis pain after oral administration.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos no Narcóticos/farmacología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Pirazoles/farmacología , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/agonistas , Administración Oral , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/química , Animales , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Experimental/metabolismo , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/química , Humanos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Dolor/metabolismo , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Pirazoles/química , Ensayo de Unión Radioligante , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/agonistas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of fused bicyclic heterocycles was identified as potent and selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists. Optimization of the series resulted in compounds that had improved PK properties, favorable CNS partitioning, good pharmacokinetic properties, and significant improvements on deep sleep (delta power) and sleep consolidation.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/química , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/uso terapéutico , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2A/metabolismo , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2/química , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/tratamiento farmacológico , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Humanos , Ratas , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2/farmacocinética , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Potent 5-HT(2A) inverse-agonists containing phenyl-pyrazole ureas with an amino side chain were identified. Optimization of this series resulted in selective compounds that proved effective in modulating 5HT-induced amplification of ADP-stimulated human platelet aggregation.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/química , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2 , Urea/análogos & derivados , Urea/farmacología , Humanos , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/farmacología , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2A/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Recently identified GPCRs, GPR109a and GPR109b, the high and low affinity receptors for niacin, may represent good targets for the development of HDL elevating drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Acifran, an agonist of both receptors, has been tested in human subjects, yet until recently very few analogs had been reported. We describe a series of acifran analogs prepared using newly developed synthetic pathways and evaluated as agonists for GPR109a and GPR109b, resulting in identification of compounds with improved activity at these receptors.
Asunto(s)
Furanos/síntesis química , Niacina/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Línea Celular , AMP Cíclico/biosíntesis , Furanos/química , Furanos/farmacología , Humanos , Niacina/farmacología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores Nicotínicos/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Recent developments in sleep research suggest that antagonism of the serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor may improve sleep maintenance insomnia. We herein report the discovery of a series of potent and selective serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists based on a phenethylpiperazine amide core structure. When tested in a rat sleep pharmacology model, these compounds increased both sleep consolidation and deep sleep. Within this series of compounds, an improvement in the metabolic stability of early leads was achieved by introducing a carbonyl group into the phenethylpiperazine linker. Of note, compounds 14 and 27 exhibited potent 5-HT(2A) receptor binding affinity, high selectivity over the 5-HT(2C) receptor, favorable CNS partitioning, and good pharmacokinetic and early safety profiles. In vivo, these two compounds showed dose-dependent, statistically significant improvements on deep sleep (delta power) and sleep consolidation at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/síntesis química , Piperazinas/síntesis química , Pirazoles/síntesis química , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2 , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/tratamiento farmacológico , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Amidas/farmacocinética , Amidas/farmacología , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Perros , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Piperazinas/farmacología , Unión Proteica , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Pirazoles/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Serotonin, which is stored in platelets and is released during thrombosis, activates platelets via the 5-HT(2A) receptor. 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonists thus represent a potential new class of antithrombotic agents. Our medicinal program began with known compounds that displayed binding affinity for the recombinant 5-HT(2A) receptor, but which had poor activity when tested in human plasma platelet inhibition assays. We herein describe a series of phenyl pyrazole inverse agonists optimized for selectivity, aqueous solubility, antiplatelet activity, low hERG activity, and good pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in the discovery of 10k (APD791). 10k inhibited serotonin-amplified human platelet aggregation with an IC(50) = 8.7 nM and had negligible binding affinity for the closely related 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. 10k was orally bioavailable in rats, dogs, and monkeys and had an acceptable safety profile. As a result, 10k was selected further evaluation and advanced into clinical development as a potential treatment for arterial thrombosis.
Asunto(s)
Arterias/efectos de los fármacos , Benzamidas/química , Benzamidas/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacología , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/farmacología , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2 , Trombosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Benzamidas/metabolismo , Benzamidas/farmacocinética , Perros , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Masculino , Morfolinas/metabolismo , Morfolinas/farmacocinética , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Pirazoles/metabolismo , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Ratas , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2A/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Especificidad por Sustrato , Trombosis/metabolismoRESUMEN
A strategy for lead identification of new agonists of GPR109a, starting from known compounds shown to activate the receptor, is described. Early compound triage led to the formulation of a binding hypothesis and eventually to our focus on a series of pyrazole acid derivatives. Further elaboration of these compounds provided a series of 5,5-fused pyrazoles to be used as lead compounds for further optimization.