Autoantibody detection is not recommended for chronic pancreatitis: a cross-sectional Study of 557 patients.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune factor was regarded as one of the risk factors in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), especially for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). However, whether autoimmune factor plays a role in non-AIP CP or not was unknown. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with non-AIP CP from January 2010 to October 2016 were detected for 22 autoantibodies at the time of hospital admission. Autoantibodies with frequency > 0.5% were enrolled to calculate the frequency in historial healthy controls through literature search in PubMed. Differentially expressed autoantibodies were determined between patients and historial healthy controls, and related factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In a total of 557 patients, 113 cases were detected with 19 kinds of positive autoantibodies, among them anti-ß2-glycoprotein I (ß2-GPI) antibody was most frequent (9.16%). Compared with historial healthy controls, the frequencies of serum ß2-GPI and anti SS-B antibody in patients were significantly higher, while frequencies of anti-smooth muscle antibody and anticardiolipin antibody were significantly lower (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis result showed that diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.515) and common bile duct stricture (OR = 2.844) were the risk factors of positive ß2-GPI antibody in patients while diabetes mellitus in first-/second-/third-degree relatives (OR = 0.266) was the protective factor. There were no related factors for other three differentially expressed autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Four autoantibodies were expressed differentially between patients with non-AIP CP and historial healthy controls. Due to limited significance for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis, autoantibodies detection is not recommended conventionally unless suspected of AIP.

Extent of agreement between the body fluid model of Sysmex XN-20 and the manual microscopy method.

BACKGROUND: Although the correlations concerning cellular component analysis between the Sysmex XN-20 body fluid (BF) model and manual microscopy have been investigated by several studies, the extent of agreement between these two methods has not been investigated. METHODS: A total of 90 BF samples were prospectively collected and analyzed using the Sysmex XN-20 BF model and microscopy. The extent of agreement between these two methods was evaluated using the Bland-Altman approach. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high-fluorescence (HF) BF cells for malignant diseases. RESULTS: The agreements of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes between the Sysmex XN-20 BF model and manual microscopy were imperfect. The areas under the ROC curves for absolute and relative HF cells were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.78) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.48-0.72), respectively. CONCLUSION: Due to the Sysmex XN-20 BF model's imperfect agreement with manual microscopy and its weak diagnostic accuracy for malignant diseases, the current evidence does not support replacing manual microscopy with this model in clinical practice.

[Pathogen Identification for An Imported Case with African Trypanosomiasis].

Objective: To perform laboratory diagnosis for an imported case of human African trypanosomiasis and identify the pathogen. Methods: Clinical and epidemiological information was collected. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected, stained with Wright-Giemsa, and microscopically examined. Genomic DNA from the blood samples was amplified with primers specific for Trypanosoma sp. expression site-associated gene (ESAG), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense specific glycoprotein (TgsGP) and 18S rRNA（M18S-Ⅱ-Tb） gene, and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense specific serum resistance associated （SRA） gene. Complete blood count, blood chemistry, and CSF examination were also conducted. Results: The patient had a 4-month history of lower extremity weakness and swelling of surface lymph nodes. Physical examination showed somnolence, and occasional emotional abnormalities, accompanied by anemia (hemoglobin 85 g/L), electrolyte disturbance (sodium 124 mmol/L; chlorine 87 mmol/L) and significantly increased nonspecific immune globulin protein （globulin 63 g/L）. Epidemiological survey showed that the patient suffered insect bites and stings for several times during his work in the Republic of Gabon in Africa. Microscopic examination revealed flagella of trypanosome in peripheral blood. PCR amplification produced bands of 286, 308, and 150 bp with primers specific for ESAG, TgsGP and M18S-Ⅱ-Tb, respectively. Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection from the clinical information, epidemiological history, etiology and PCR results.

Diagnostic accuracy of cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) for bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Previous studies have evaluated the accuracy of serum and urinary measurements of cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer; however, the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall accuracy of CYFRA 21-1 for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. We performed a search for English-language publications reporting on the detection of CYFRA21-1 levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer through November 2, 2014, using public medical databases, including EMBASE, Web of Science, and Medline. The quality of the studies was assessed by revised QUADAS tools. The performance characteristics were pooled and analyzed using a bivariate model. Publication bias was explored with the Deek's test. Sixteen studies, with a total 1,262 bladder-cancer patients and 1,233 non-bladder-cancer patients, were included in the study. The pooled sensitivities for serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 were 0.42 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.51) and 0.82 (95 % CI, 0.70-0.90), respectively. The corresponding specificities were 0.94 (95 % CI, 0.90-0.96) and 0.80 (95 % CI, 0.73-0.86), respectively. The areas under the summary receiver-operating-characteristic curves for serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 were 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.85-0.91) and 0.87 (95 % CI, 0.84-0.90), respectively. The major design deficiencies of the included studies were participant-selection bias, potential review, and verification bias. Therefore, we concluded that both serum and urine CYFRA 21-1 served as efficient indexes for bladder-cancer diagnosis. Additional, well-designed studies should be performed to rigorously evaluate the diagnostic value of CYFRA 21-1 for bladder cancer.

Increased PTOV1 expression is related to poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Altered expression of prostate tumor overexpressed-1 (PTOV1) is observed in various types of human cancers. However, the role of PTOV1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. PTOV1 messenger (m)RNA expression in EOC patients was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). PTOV1 protein expression was also analyzed in archived paraffin-embedded EOC tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and its association with overall survival of patients was analyzed by statistical analysis. Results from qRT-PCR analysis show that the expression level of PTOV1 mRNA was significantly higher in tumor tissues of EOC, compared to that in adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). IHC staining showed that high expression of PTOV1 was detected in 57.2 % (87/152) of EOC cases. High expression of PTOV1 was significantly associated with pathological grade (P = 0.029) and clinical stage (P = 0.001). Moreover, the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that a high expression level of PTOV1 resulted in a significantly poor prognosis of EOC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of PTOV1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P < 0.001). In conclusion, PTOV1 protein abnormal expression might contribute to the malignant progression of EOC. High expression of PTOV1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with EOC.

Increased miR-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of primary immune thrombocytopenia patients was correlated with serum cytokine profiles.

We investigated the possible pathogenic role of a microRNA (miR-155) in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We used quantitative real-time PCR to determine the relative expression of miR-155 and SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 28 ITP patients and 28 healthy controls. Cytokine plasma levels were determined by ELISA. Possible associations between miR-155 levels and serum cytokine concentrations were assessed using Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis. Seven naive ITP patients were followed and the effects of medical treatment on miR-155 levels were assessed. Compared to healthy controls, ITP patients had increased miR-155 and decreased SOCS1 mRNA levels. ITP patients also had increased plasma IL-17A and decreased IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-ß1 levels. miR-155 levels were negatively correlated with platelet counts, SOCS1 mRNA levels, and the plasma levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-ß1, but positively correlated with plasma IL-17A levels. Medical treatment for ITP decreased miR-155 levels. Thus, our results suggest that miR-155 might be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP by regulating cytokine profiles, which may be mediated by miR-155 targeting SOCS1.

Diagnostic accuracy of anti-alpha-fodrin antibodies for primary Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of anti-alpha-fodrin antibodies for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Sixty-four pSS subjects and 108 non-pSS patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Serum anti-alpha-fodrin IgA and IgG were detected by ELISA in a blind fashion. The diagnostic accuracy of anti-alpha-fodrin antibodies was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic regression was used to investigate whether anti-alpha-fodrin antibodies could improve the accuracy of pSS diagnosis if used in addition to anti-SSA and anti-SSB. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curves for anti-alpha-fodrin IgG and IgA were 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.77) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54-0.72), respectively (P < 0.01 for both). The optimal diagnostic thresholds for anti-fodrin IgG and IgA were 11.75 U/ml and 9.75 U/ml, respectively, with a sensitivity of 0.59 and 0.55, and a specificity of 0.75 and 0.73, respectively. Anti-alpha-fodrin IgG and IgA antibodies were associated with pSS after adjustment for anti-SSA and anti-SSB. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-alpha-fodrin IgG and IgA antibodies are useful diagnostic markers which may improve the accuracy of pSS diagnosis.

MiR-138 promotes induced pluripotent stem cell generation through the regulation of the p53 signaling.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, especially those reprogrammed from patient somatic cells, have a great potential usage in regenerative medicine. The expression of p53 has been proven as a key barrier limiting iPS cell generation, but how p53 is regulated during cell reprogramming remains unclear. In this study, we found that the ectopic expression of miR-138 significantly improved the efficiency of iPS cell generation via Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, with or without c-Myc (named as OSKM or OSK, respectively), without sacrificing the pluripotent characteristics of the generated iPS cells. Exploration of the mechanism showed that miR-138 directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of p53, significantly decreasing the expression of p53 and its downstream genes. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of p53 having a mutant 3'-UTR, which cannot be bound by miR-138, seriously impaired the effect of miR-138 on p53 signaling and OSKM-initiated somatic cell reprogramming. Combined with the fact that miR-138 is endogenously expressed in fibroblasts, iPS cells, and embryonic stem cells, our study demonstrated that regulation of the p53 signaling pathway and promotion of iPS cell generation represent an unrevealed important function of miR-138.

The accuracy of glial fibrillary acidic protein in acute stroke differential diagnosis: A meta-analysis.

We performed a systematic review of English-language studies published during the past three decades to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for the differential diagnosis of acute stroke, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and cerebral ischemia (CI). QUADAS tools were used to evaluate the quality of the study. Performance characteristics (diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy) were pooled and examined using fixed-effects models. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, and included 109 patients with ICH and 381 patients with CI. The summary estimates for GFAP in the ICH diagnoses had a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.88), a specificity of 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-0.98), and a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 119.55 (95% confidence interval: 51.75-276.19). The area under curve (AUC) and Q value for the sROC curves were 0.97 and 0.92, respectively. Therefore, GFAP showed high diagnostic accuracy for acute stroke differential diagnosis.

Value of baseline platelet count for prediction of complications in primary biliary cirrhosis patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.

BACKGROUND: Decreased platelet count has been observed in various liver diseases, but its significance in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the platelet count at diagnosis for PBC-related complications in patients newly diagnosed with PBC and treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). METHODS: Ninety-six PBC patients without complications treated with UDCA immediately after diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. All hematologic and chemical parameters, Mayo risk score and PBC-related complications including upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, presence of ascites, serum bilirubin concentration > 102.6 µmol/L and onset of hepatic encephalopathy were extracted. The associations between these parameters at diagnosis and complications were determined and the prognostic value of the platelet count was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated. RESULTS: Patients with PBC-related complications had significantly decreased platelet count and serum bilirubin concentration, prolonged prothrombin time, and increased Mayo risk score compared to those without complications. A platelet count of ≤ 132.5 × 10(9)/L was associated with the occurrence of complications, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.64-0.85). The association remained even after adjustment for Mayo risk score (HR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.46-5.54; p < 0.01), as shown in the Cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased platelet count is a predictive factor for PBC-related complications. A cut-off value of ≤ 132.5 × 10(9)/L is recommended for the baseline platelet count to predict complications in patients newly diagnosed with PBC and treated with UDCA.

[Abnormal expression of miR-let-7b in primary biliary cirrhosis and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of microRNA (miR)-let-7b in peripheral blood cells of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and investigate its relationship to clinical disease parameters. METHODS: Peripheral blood and serum samples were obtained for study from 60 PBC patients and 60 healthy controls. Peripheral blood cells were extracted and subjected to real-time PCR to measure miR-let-7b expression. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-18, total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured by standard biochemical assays. The relationship between miR-let-7b expression and disease parameters was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: PBC patients showed significantly lower expression of miR-let-7b in peripheral blood cells than healthy controls (P less than 0.001); moreover, the miR-let-7b expression level decreased in parallel to increases in disease severity (stage I > II / III > IV). In PBC patients, the miR-let-7b expression was significantly correlated with Mayo risk scores (r = -0.4930, P less than 0.001), IL-18 (r = -0.4643, P less than 0.001) and ALP (r = -4119, P less than 0.001), but not with TBIL or GGT. CONCLUSION: Decreased expression of miR-let-7b may be associated with development and progression of PBC, and this miRNA may represent a novel target of improved diagnostic and preventive strategies for PBC.

[MicroRNA profiling in T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cell from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression pattern of microRNA (miRNA) in T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: The expression profile of miRNA in T cells of PBMC was determined by microarray assay and validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: In comparison with the healthy controls, 23 miRNA were down-regulated and 2 miRNA had a higher expression (all P < 0.05). As revealed by qRT-PCR, the expressions of miR-346, miR-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-let-7b decreased obviously while miR-451 and miR-129 became up-regulated. The results were in agreement with those of microarray. CONCLUSIONS: The PBC patients and healthy controls have significantly different expression profiles of microRNA in T cells of PBMC. The differential expression of microRNA may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC.

Cholera toxin inhibits human hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation in vitro via suppressing ATX/LPA axis.

AIM: To investigate the antitumor effect of cholera toxin (CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and the mechanisms underlying the effect. METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B and Huh7, which expressed moderate and high level of autotaxin (ATX), respectively, were used. Cytokine level in the cells was evaluated using ELISA assay, and cell proliferation was investigated using MTT assay. ATX expression was determined using Western blot. ATX/lyso-PLD activity in the conditioned medium was measured using FS-3, a fluorescent lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) analogue, as substrate. RESULTS: Exposure to CT (7.5 and 10 ng/mL) significantly inhibited the cell growth, decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and promoted secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. CT at 10 ng/mL markedly suppressed ATX expression in Hep3B and Huh7 cells. Furthermore, ATX and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) were found to be crucial for growth of the cancer cells. CT could inhibit TNF-α-induced expression and secretion of ATX that led to decreased activity of lysophospholipase D, thus decreasing the conversion of LPC to LPA. CONCLUSION: CT inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro via regulating the ATX-LPA pathway.

Proteomic analysis identified DJ-1 as a cisplatin resistant marker in non-small cell lung cancer.

The aim of study is to identify cisplatin-resistance associated biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). We use two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to compare the proteome between lung cancer cell line A549 and its cisplatin-resistant subline A549/DDP. Nine cisplatin resistance-related proteins were identified, and DJ-1, one of the differently expressed proteins, was selected for further validation and evaluation. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that high expression level of DJ-1 was associated with cisplatin resistance and a predictor for poor prognosis in 67 locally advanced NSCLC patients. Furthermore, in vitro results showed that silencing DJ-1 increased the proliferation inhibitory effect of cisplatin to A549/DDP cells. In conclusion, DJ-1 might play an important role in the resistibility to cisplatin, and it could also act as a novel candidate biomarker for predicting the response of NSCLC patients to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Increased CD200 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. CD200 is associated with many autoimmune diseases, but little is known about its role in pSS. This study aims to correlate the expression of CD200 with pSS and evaluate its significance. METHODS: Plasma CD200, CD200R, and interleukin (IL)-17 levels were measured and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Messenger RNA levels of CD200 and CD200R in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Following pretreatment of CD200-Fc, the protein levels of IL-17A were measured in PBMCs from patients and healthy controls. RESULTS: Results showed that, compared to CD200 in healthy controls, the relative levels in PBMCs from pSS were greater than 2-fold. In addition, CD200 levels in plasma positively correlated with IL-17 levels, as well as between plasma CD200 and pSS activity indexes (including immunoglobulin G and European League Against Rheumatism SS Disease Activity Index). While CD200R levels were significantly decreased in pSS patients, no correlation could be found. Furthermore, the protein level of IL-17 decreased after pretreatment of CD200-Fc in PBMCs from pSS patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the CD200/CD200R pathway is involved in pSS pathogenesis. It is hypothesized that regulation of IL-17 expression affects Th17 differentiation. This newly discovered pathway could give rise to a novel targeted therapy for pSS.

An ultrasensitive polydopamine bi-functionalized SERS immunoassay for exosome-based diagnosis and classification of pancreatic cancer.

Early diagnosis and metastasis monitoring for pancreatic cancer are extremely difficult due to a lack of sensitive liquid biopsy methods and reliable biomarkers. Herein, we developed easy-to-prepare and effective polydopamine-modified immunocapture substrates and an ultrathin polydopamine-encapsulated antibody-reporter-Ag(shell)-Au(core) multilayer (PEARL) Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) nano-tag with a quantitative signal of the Raman reporter at 1072 cm-1, which achieved ultrasensitive and specific detection of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes with a detection limit of only one exosome in 2 µL of sample solution (approximately 9 × 10-19 mol L-1). Furthermore, by analyzing a 2 µL clinical serum sample, the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antibody-based SERS immunoassay could not only discriminate pancreatic cancer patients (n = 71) from healthy individuals (n = 32), but also distinguish metastasized tumors from metastasis-free tumors, and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) P1-2 stages from the P3 stage (the discriminatory sensitivity was 95.7%). Thus, this novel immunoassay provides a powerful tool for the early diagnosis, classification and metastasis monitoring of pancreatic cancer patients.

UVB induces apoptosis via downregulation of CALML3-dependent JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 pathways in cataract.

The aim of the current study was to understand the mechanisms of apoptosis occurring in cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The investigations intended to confirm the presence of apoptosis and to reveal the roles of oxidative stress, calcium (Ca2+), c­Jun NH2­terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, and extracellular signal­regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway in these progresses. Cell apoptosis, ROS generation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of CALML3, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, p-JNK1/2, JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Annexin V­fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that UVB irradiation increased the apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intracellular Ca2+ concentration of HLECs in dose­ and time­dependent manners. Overexpression of calmodulin like 3 (CALML3) reversed the effects of UVB irradiation on apoptosis, ROS production and Ca2+ concentration of HLECs, and decreased expressions of caspase­3 and Bax, with increased expressions of Bcl­2. Notably, silencing of CALML3 had similar effects to UVB irradiation and inhibited the activation JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 pathways. Nimodipine, a Ca2+­channel antagonist, significantly attenuated the damages induced by CALML3 downregulation. In conclusion, UVB irradiation induced increase in apoptosis, ROS production and Ca2+ concentration of HLECs, in part, by downregulating the expression of CALML3 and involved oxidative stress, Ca2+, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, suggesting that investigating CALML3 may useful for developing cataract treatment.

[Study on association of BAFF receptors gene expression and primary biliary cirrhosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between expression level of B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) receptor (BAFF-R) gene family and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: With 18S rRNA as control, real-time fluorescent semi-quantification reverse transcriptional PCR was established, according to the difference of threshold cycles (DeltaCt) of target genes and 18S rRNA. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), transmembrane activator and CAMI-interactor (TACI) and BAFF-R mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 30 healthy people and 30 PBC patients were measured. The correlation between their gene expression levels and the concentrations of IgM, ALP and GGT was analyzed. RESULTS: The relative expression level of BCMA mRNA in patients with PBC was 8.6 folds higher than that of control (P < 0.05). In contrast, PBC patients showed relatively lower TACI mRNA level than control. For BAFF-R mRNA, there was no significant difference between patients and control. The gene expression of BCMA showed a close correlation with IgM, GGT and ALP (all P < 0.01), while BAFF-R showed no significant correlation with them (all P > 0.05). The correlation between TACI and IgM was significant (P < 0.05), but not for GGT or ALP (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The gene expression of PBMCs in PBC patients is significantly elevated for BCMA and decreased for TACI, indicating that the pathogenesis of PBC is closely related to enhanced humoral immunity and broken tolerance.

Analysis of HLA alleles polymorphism in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: A familial clustering of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and the presence of immunological abnormalities in family members suggest a genetic component involved in the pathogenesis of PBC. The aims of this study are to investigate the frequencies of human leukocyte antigen HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles in Chinese patients with PBC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques, and to assess the correlation of the above-mentioned HLA with some clinical and laboratory features. METHODS: Genotyping of HLA alleles were performed in 65 well-characterized PBC patients and 431 healthy controls with sequence-specific primers PCR amplification. RESULTS: HLA-DRB1*07 allele detected in 19 of the 65 (29.2%) PBC patients was subtyped as DRB1*0701, as well as in 13.9% of controls (PC<0.05, OR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.4-4.6). An increased frequency of DRB1*03 (18.4% vs. 7.2% in healthy controls) and a decreased frequency of DRB1*12 (16.9% vs. 28.8%) in PBC patients were statistically significant. There was no association with HLA-DRB1*08 reported. The frequencies for HLA-A, B and the other DRB1 alleles were similar between patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The susceptibility to PBC in Chinese individuals is associated with DRB1*0701 allele. This association differs from that in North Americans, South Americans, North Europeans and even Japanese, but it is not restricted to any particular subgroup of patients.

Oridonin Suppresses Proliferation of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells via Blockage of mTOR Signaling.

Oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, has shown various pharmacological and physiological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of oridonin on human ovarian cancer cell lines has not been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that oridonin inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed oridonin inhibited tumor growth of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3) in vivo. We then assessed mechanisms and found that oridonin specifically abrogated the phosphorylation/activation of mTOR signaling. In summary, our results indicate that oridonin is a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer by blocking the mTOR signaling pathway.