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Objectives@#. This study evaluated the surgical outcomes of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who underwent tongue-reduction surgery and analyzed whether the malocclusion and mandibular prognathism caused by macroglossia could be improved. @*Methods@#. A retrospective medical record review was performed for 11 patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome whose macroglossia was surgically treated. Demographic data, symptoms and signs, and intraoperative and postoperative surgical outcomes were evaluated. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon using the “keyhole” technique, involving midline elliptical excision and anterior wedge resection. Preoperative and postoperative plain skull lateral X-rays were evaluated to assess prognathism improvement. @*Results@#. The median age at the time of surgery was 35.09 months, and the ratio of males to females was 4:7. The median surgical time was 98±31.45 minutes, and the median duration of the postoperative intensive care unit stay was 3.81±2.4 days. There were no airway complications. Two patients (18.2%) had postoperative wound dehiscence; however, there was no nerve damage, recurrence, or other complications. Among the five patients who underwent postoperative speech evaluation, all showed normal speech development, except one patient who had brain dysfunction and developmental delay. Measurements of the A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angles and sella-nasion-B point (SNB) angles (point A is the most concave point of the anterior maxilla; point B is the most concave point on the mandibular symphysis) on plain X-rays showed a significant decrease in the postoperative SNB angle (P <0.001) and a significant increase in the ANB angle (P <0.011). @*Conclusion@#. Tongue-reduction surgery is an effective and safe technique for severe forms of macroglossia associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In addition, it improves mandibular prognathism in young Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patients with macroglossia.
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Objectives@#This study aimed to investigate the bristle tip morphology of toothbrushes sold in the Korean market. @*Methods@#Tufts were taken from each of the 69 different toothbrushes that were selected. The bristle specimens thus prepared were observed under a phase-contrast microscope. The images taken by the microscope were then classified as round, tapered, or mixed. The proportion of acceptable rounded-end bristles and tapered bristles was then determined. @*Results@#Of the randomly selected 69 toothbrushes, 42 were domestic and 27 were imported. Of the domestic toothbrushes, the proportion of acceptable toothbrushes was 52.4%, whereas the corresponding proportion was 77.8% for imported products. In terms of classification based on tooth brushing techniques, 55.0% of all manual toothbrushes had round-ended bristles. Moreover, based on classification by age, 67.2% of the toothbrushes for adults were acceptable and 75.0% of tooth brushes for children were termed non-acceptable. @*Conclusions@#The majority of toothbrushes sold in the Korean markets have acceptable bristles.However, not one toothbrush had 100% acceptable bristles. The manufactures should improve their manufacturing processes to produce bristles of the intended quality.
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Background@#Pediatric alopecia areata (AA) can affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their family members. Research on the QoL and burden on family members in pediatric AA is limited. @*Objective@#This nationwide multicenter questionnaire study described the QoL and burden of the family members of patients with pediatric AA. @*Methods@#This nationwide multicenter questionnaire study enrolled AA patients between the ages of 5 and 18 years from March 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018. Enrolled patients and their parents completed the modified Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and the modified Dermatitis Family Impact (mDFI). The disease severity was measured using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) survey scores. @*Results@#A total of 268 patients with AA from 22 hospitals participated in this study. Our study found that the efficacy and satisfaction of previous treatments of AA decreased as the severity of the disease increased. The use of home-based therapies and traditional medicines increased with the increasing severity of the disease, but the efficacy felt by patients was limited. CDLQI and mDFI scores were higher in patients with extensive AA than those with mild to moderate AA. The economic and time burden of the family members also increased as the severity of the disease increased. @*Conclusion@#The severity of the AA is indirectly proportional to the QoL of patients and their family members and directly proportional to the burden. Physicians need to understand these characteristics of pediatric AA and provide appropriate intervention to patients and their family members.
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Background@#Only a few studies have tried to assess factors relevant to the satisfaction of the participants in atopic dermatitis (AD) educational programs. More systematic modeling of this issue is needed. @*Objective@#To examine the benefit of a conjoint educational program for AD on patients and caregivers in a clinical setting. @*Methods@#In a half-day educational program called “AD school”, 831 people (493 patients and 338 family members) participated for 8 years. Various educational and entertaining programs were provided. The on-site survey was administered to measure participants’ satisfaction and perception of the benefit. We applied structural equation modeling to identify the relations among satisfaction and perception. @*Results@#A total of 209 family survey data was obtained and analyzed. The survey items were grouped into four categories. The categories were classified as individual education, group education, fun activity, and overall satisfaction (fun, benefit, intention to re-join and recommend to others). According to the model that we built, comprehensive group education was demonstrated to be the most relevant factor affecting overall satisfaction. @*Conclusion@#Our holistic approach would allow dermatologists to improve the efficacy of the conjoint educational program for AD.
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Background@#Only a few studies have tried to assess factors relevant to the satisfaction of the participants in atopic dermatitis (AD) educational programs. More systematic modeling of this issue is needed. @*Objective@#To examine the benefit of a conjoint educational program for AD on patients and caregivers in a clinical setting. @*Methods@#In a half-day educational program called “AD school”, 831 people (493 patients and 338 family members) participated for 8 years. Various educational and entertaining programs were provided. The on-site survey was administered to measure participants’ satisfaction and perception of the benefit. We applied structural equation modeling to identify the relations among satisfaction and perception. @*Results@#A total of 209 family survey data was obtained and analyzed. The survey items were grouped into four categories. The categories were classified as individual education, group education, fun activity, and overall satisfaction (fun, benefit, intention to re-join and recommend to others). According to the model that we built, comprehensive group education was demonstrated to be the most relevant factor affecting overall satisfaction. @*Conclusion@#Our holistic approach would allow dermatologists to improve the efficacy of the conjoint educational program for AD.
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BACKGROUND@#Based on clinical and genetic differences, atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis have been classified in two different diseases, but recently, some authors regarded them as in one spectrum. The histological similarities including epidermal hyperplasia between chronic stages of AD and psoriasis supports the presence of two diseases in one spectrum.@*OBJECTIVE@#We investigated clinical and immunohistopathological characteristics of adult Korean patients with AD showing psoriasiform chronic dermatitis on histopathology.@*METHODS@#In total, 59 Korean patients with chronic AD were enrolled. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features were compared between AD patients with psoriasiform features and those with non-psoriasiform chronic dermatitis features on histology. In addition, immunohistopathological characteristics were analyzed using antibodies for key regulatory and effector cytokines in psoriasis.@*RESULTS@#Fifteen patients (25.4%) showed a more “psoriasiform†histological appearance. The lesions in patients with psoriasiform features often showed clearer boundaries and noticeable scaling. The interleukin (IL)-23 expression in the psoriasiform chronic dermatitis group was not different from that in the psoriasis group, but the IL-17 expression was less than that in the psoriasis group. In the case of IL-12, multiple dermal inflammatory cells with dendrites were stained in the psoriasiform chronic dermatitis group compared with the 2 other non-psoriasiform subgroups.@*CONCLUSION@#The results suggest that IL-12 secreted from dermal inflammatory cells might be one of the important factors associated with the formation of psoriasiform features in chronic AD. However, further studies are required to better define the specific role of IL-12.
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BACKGROUND: It has been frequently reported that non-negligible numbers of individuals have steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses of low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) to specific stimulation frequencies, which makes detection of the SSVEP difficult especially in brain–computer interface applications. We investigated whether SSVEP can be modulated by anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) of the visual cortex. METHODS: Each participant participated in two 20-min experiments—an actual tDCS experiment and a sham tDCS experiment—that were conducted on different days. Two representative electroencephalogram (EEG) features used for the SSVEP detection, SNR and amplitude, were tested for pre- and post-tDCS conditions to observe the effect of the anodal tDCS. RESULTS: The EEG features were significantly enhanced by the anodal tDCS for the electrodes with low pre-tDCS SNR values, whereas the effect was not significant for electrodes with relatively higher SNR values. CONCLUSION: Anodal tDCS of the visual cortex may be effective in enhancing the SNR and amplitude of the SSVEP response especially for individuals with low-SNR SSVEP.
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Electrodos , Electroencefalografía , Potenciales Evocados Visuales , Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa , Corteza VisualRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests a pivotal role for neuronal inflammation in response to replicating varicella zoster virus in the development of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the value of serum levels of various inflammatory markers in acute herpes zoster (HZ) as predictors for the development of PHN. METHODS: A total of 116 patients with acute HZ were enrolled in this study. We measured scores on the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after diagnosis of HZ. We defined PHN as pain greater than 1 on the VAS lasting for more than 6 months. Serum samples for laboratory assay, including complete blood count were obtained at the initial visit. Correlations between the levels of each inflammatory marker and the development of PHN were evaluated. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count, and albumin showed significant correlations with development of PHN in univariate analysis. Levels of ESR, CRP, and lymphocyte count also showed significant correlations in multivariate analysis. ESR level showed stronger correlations with development of PHN than levels of CRP and lymphocyte count. CONCLUSION: In this study, we confirmed that elevated ESR was an independent and significant predictor of PHN in patients with acute HZ. To validate these results, further well-designed, randomized clinical trials are needed.
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Humanos , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Sedimentación Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reactiva , Diagnóstico , Herpes Zóster , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Inflamación , Recuento de Linfocitos , Análisis Multivariante , Neuralgia Posherpética , NeuronasRESUMEN
Some morphological variants of benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma) present with distinct clinical features. In particular, atypical, aneurysmal, and cellular fibrous histiocytoma are associated with a significant risk of local recurrence. Furthermore, very rarely, cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma can lead to metastatic disease. Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma is an uncommon and poorly recognized clinical subtype that arises in subcutaneous or deep soft tissue. Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma has many histologic features in common with cellular fibrous histiocytoma. Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma recurs in approximately 20% of cases and may rarely metastasize. We report a rare case of deep benign fibrous histiocytoma with metastatic potential in a 38-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of a recurrent hard mass on his left shoulder.
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Adulto , Humanos , Aneurisma , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia , HombroRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and low vitamin D levels has been studied. Emerging evidence has implicated vitamin D as a critical regulator of immunity, playing a role in both the innate and cell-mediated immune systems. However, the effect of vitamin D on house dust mite (HDM) sensitization in patients with AD has not been established. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between vitamin D levels and HDM sensitization according to AD severity. METHODS: In total, 80 patients (43 men and 37 women) with AD were included. We classified AD severity using Rajka and Langeland scores. Laboratory tests included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and specific IgE antibody titer against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. RESULTS: There were no differences in vitamin D levels between the mild or moderate AD and severe AD groups. In the severe AD group, high HDM sensitization group had lower serum vitamin D levels compared to low HDM sensitization group with statistical significance. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D levels and HDM sensitization in the severe AD group. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that low vitamin D levels may link to high HDM sensitization in patients with the severe AD. Further elucidation of the role of vitamin D in HDM sensitization may hold profound implications for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Humanos , Masculino , Calcifediol , Dermatitis Atópica , Dermatophagoides farinae , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Polvo , Sistema Inmunológico , Inmunoglobulina E , Inmunoglobulinas , Plasma , Pyroglyphidae , Vitamina DRESUMEN
No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
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Biomarcadores , Magnesio , Propionibacterium acnes , PropionibacteriumRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Laser/light-based devices may provide an alternative to conventional acne therapeutics in some patients with nonresponsive acne. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the efficacy of red or infrared light-emitting diode (LED) devices in a mouse model of Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation through clinical examination and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. METHODS: A human-derived Propionibacterium acnes suspension (10(9) colony-forming units /µl) was injected into the back of an HR-1 mouse. Then, a 28.9 J/cm2 650-nm red LED or 9.3 J/cm2 830-nm infrared LED was applied to the mouse with P. acnes-induced inflammation once daily for 2 weeks. Two weeks after treatment, histological findings with hematoxylin and eosin staining and expression levels of inflammatory biomarkers (integrin α6, neutrophils, interleukin [IL]-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2/9) were evaluated in tissue specimens using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Mice treated with red and infrared LED showed clinical improvement in inflammatory nodules compared to mice in the control group. Red LED was much more effective than infrared LED. Epidermal hyperplasia, comedone-like cysts, and integrin α6 expression improved to a similar extent in the red and infrared LED treatment groups and control group. Neutrophil, IL-1β, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression after treatment with red and infrared LED decreased considerably compared to expression in the control group. CONCLUSION: In a mouse model of P. acnes-induced inflammatory nodules, red and infrared LED devices may be an alternative to conventional acne therapies. In addition, a mouse model of P. acnes-induced inflammatory nodules is helpful for laboratory research of acne.
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Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Acné Vulgar , Biomarcadores , Eosina Amarillenta-(YS) , Hematoxilina , Hiperplasia , Inflamación , Interleucinas , Neutrófilos , Propionibacterium acnes , Propionibacterium , Células MadreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pattern hair loss is a very common problem. Although effective therapeutics for the treatment of pattern hair loss have been used, novel therapeutic modalities are still required to enhance hair growth. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the efficacy and safety of a complex (ALAVAX) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and glycyl-histidyl-lysine (GHK) peptide for the treatment of pattern hair loss. METHODS: Forty-five patients with male pattern hair loss were treated with ALAVAX 100 mg/ml (group A), ALAVAX 50 mg/ml (group B) or placebo (group C) once a day for 6 months. Total hair count, hair length, hair thickness, patient's assessment and adverse events were evaluated at month 1, 3, and 6. RESULTS: An increase in hair count for 6 months was 52.6 (p<0.05) in group A, 71.5 (p<0.05) in group B, and 9.6 in group C. The ratio of changes in hair count between group B (2.38) and group C (1.21) at 6 months showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The proportion above good satisfaction was higher in group A (26.7%) than in the other groups (group B: 14.3%, group C: 7.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in hair length and hair thickness among 3 groups at 6 months. There was no adverse event in 3 groups. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that a complex of 5-ALA and GHK peptide may be considered as one of the complementary agents for the treatment of male pattern hair loss.