The low-dose colchicine in patients after non-CABG cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Recent high-quality trials have shown that the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients suffering post-myocardial infarction and chronic coronary disease. The effect of colchicine in patients undergoing non-coronary artery bypass grafting (non-CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass remains unclear. We aim to evaluate the effect of colchicine on myocardial protection in patients who underwent non-CABG cardiac surgery. METHOD: Patients were randomly assigned to colchicine or placebo groups starting 72 h before scheduled cardiac surgery and for 5 days thereafter (0.5 mg daily).The primary outcome was the level of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) at postoperative 48 h. The secondary outcomes included troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), inflammatory biomarkers (procalcitonin and interleukin-6, etc.), and adverse events (30-day mortality, stroke, ECMO and IABP use, etc.). RESULTS: A total of 132 patients underwent non-CAGB cardiac surgery, 11were excluded because of diarrhea (n = 6) and long aortic cross-clamp time > 2 h (n = 5), 59 were assigned to the colchicine group and 62 to the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, cTnT (median: 0.3 µg/L, IQR 0.2-0.4 µg/L vs. median: 0.4 µg/L, IQR 0.3-0.6 µg/L, P < 0.01), cardiac troponin I (median: 0.9 ng/ml, IQR 0.4-1.7 ng/ml vs. median: 1.3 ng/ml, IQR 0.6-2.3 ng/ml, P = 0.02), CK-MB (median: 1.9 ng/ml, IQR 0.7-3.2 ng/ml vs. median: 4.4 ng/ml, IQR 1.5-8.2 ng/ml, P < 0.01), and interleukin-6 (median: 73.5 pg/ml, IQR 49.6-125.8 pg/ml vs. median: 101 pg/ml, IQR 57.5-164.7 pg/ml, P = 0.048) were significantly reduced in colchicine group at postoperative 48 h. For safety evaluation, the colchicine (n = 65) significantly decreased post-pericardiotomy syndrome (3.08% vs. 17.7%, P < 0.01) and increased the rate of diarrhea (9.23% vs. 0, P = 0.01) compared with the placebo group (n = 62). No significant difference was observed in other adverse events between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A short perioperative course of low-dose colchicine was effective to attenuate the postoperative biomarkers of myocardial injury and inflammation, and to decrease the postoperative syndrome compared with the placebo. Trial registration ChiCTR2000040129. Registered 22nd Nov. 2020. This trial was registered before the first participant was enrolled. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=64370 .

Clinical outcomes of postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in Stanford type a aortic dissection.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support may be considered to reduce mortality but survival and clinical outcomes are uncertain after Stanford type A Aortic dissection (TAAD). We analyzed the data of TAAD patients with postoperative ECMO support in our institution to investigate clinical outcomes. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, all clinical data of TAAD patients with postoperative ECMO support from January 2013 to October 2019 in our institution were harvested. Cases with redo or incomplete records were excluded. RESULTS: 22 cases were enrolled, 18 male and 4 female. The mean age was52.85±10.91 years. 20 patients underwent VA-ECMO treatment and 2 patients received VV-ECMO support. The support time was92.54±78.71 hours. 9 patients were successfully weaned from ECMO. 30-day in-hospital survival rate was 27.27 % (6/22). The follow-up duration is from 5 to 74 months. The median follow-up time is 35 months. Only four patients were still alive at the end of the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality of TAAD patients with postoperativesevere circulatory and respiratory dysfunctions is high. ECMO would be considered as a valuable contribution to save lives. But more experience needs to be accumulated to improve clinical outcome.

Preoperative monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio predicts early recurrence after radiofrequency maze procedure of valvular atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (M/H) ratio has emerged as a novel cardiovascular prognostic biomarker. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic values of M/H with early recurrence in persistent valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients after radiofrequency (RF) maze procedure. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 131 consecutive persistent AF patients with valvular heart diseases who were followed up 3 months after RF maze procedure. Their clinical data were recorded. Logistic regression analyses were performed for significant predictors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for validation with corresponding area under the curve. RESULTS: 70 (53.4%) patients experienced early recurrence after procedure. Patients with early recurrence were older, have longer AF duration history, larger left atria diameter (LAD), higher plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), lower triglycerides (TG), lower cholesterol (TC), increased monocyte counts, lower HDL cholesterol, and increased M/H ratio. In multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0-1.1 P = .003), LAD (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.2-3.5, P = .006), TG (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.84, P = .019), M/H (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.9-13.0, P < .001) were significantly independent predictors of AF early recurrence. M/H ratio demonstrated a significant predictive value (AUC = 0.77, sensitivity 89.0%, specificity 54%). Further, there was a positive correlation of M/H ratio with CRP and white blood cell. CONCLUSION: Preoperative M/H ratio was an independent risk factor of AF early recurrence following RF maze operation. M/H ratio should be considered in prediction of early recurrence for valvular AF patients.

Malperfusion syndromes in acute type A aortic dissection do not affect long-term survival in Chinese population: A 10-year institutional experience.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative malperfusion of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) remains a catastrophic complication that is associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality. The relationship between malperfusion and long-term survival in the Chinese population is unknown. METHODS: A total of 771 patients who underwent ATAAD surgery between January 2009 and December 2018 at our center were included. In-hospital mortality, complications, morbidity, and long-term survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Preoperative malperfusion was identified in 292 of 771 patients (37.9%), the in-hospital mortality rate was 20.9% in patients with preoperative malperfusion and 9.2% in those without. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality included any malperfusion (odds ratio [OR], 5.132; p = .001), pericardial tamponade (OR, 1.808; p = .046), advanced age (OR, 1.028; p = .003), and cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR, 1.008; p = .001). Immediate emergency surgery (OR, 0.492; p = .007) and antegrade cerebral perfusion perioperatively (OR, 0.477; p = .020) were protective against postoperative mortality. The postoperative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 94.4% ± 1.5%, 91.9% ± 1.8%, and 83.0% ± 3.2% in patients with malperfusion and 94.7% ± 1.1%, 90.2% ± 1.7%, and 84.4% ± 2.7%, respectively, in those without. Preoperative malperfusion did not significantly affect the long-term outcomes of operative survivors (log-rank p = .601). CONCLUSION: Malperfusion resulted in an unfavorable prognosis in the short term, but showed almost equal long-term survival in patients without malperfusion of ATAAD. Emergency central repair might be considered to further improve the outcomes of ATAAD with malperfusion.

Left Atrial Appendage Circular RNAs Are New Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Surgical Ablation in Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation will increase mortality and morbidity during follow up. We attempted to evaluate the relationship between circular RNAs (circRNA) and AF recurrence to establish a predictive model for early intervention. METHODS: Patients who received surgical ablation retrospectively were analyzed. The expression of circRNAs were detected in the left atrial appendage. The independent risk factors of late recurrence were analyzed by multivariate analysis. The predictive model was visualized by Nomogram and tested by receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration plot. Kaplan-Meier plot was used to compare the rate of freedom from AF recurrence after surgery. The relationships between circRNAs and clinical characteristics were detected by Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients were enrolled from September 2018 to June 2019, 55 patients experienced late recurrence during one-year follow up. Increased age, longer AF duration and increased circ 81906-RYR2, circ 44782-LAMA2, circ 418-KCNN2 and circ 35880-ANO5 were detected in recurrent patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased age (odds ratio (OR)=1.072, P = 0.006), longer AF duration (OR=1.007, P = 0.036) and increased circ 81906-RYR2 (OR=2.210, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for late recurrence. Area under the curve was 0.77, and the cut-off value was 70 points of the predictive model. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that patients over 70 points tended to experience AF recurrence. CONCLUSION: Circ 81906-RYR2 could be a new predictor of late recurrence after surgical ablation. A predictive model consists of age, atrial fibrillation duration, and circ 81906-RYR2 was alternative for early intervention of AF recurrence.

Preliminary observation of chemokine expression in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection.

Stanford type A Aortic dissection (TAAD) is a deadly cardiovascular disease but the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and disease pathogenesis is still unclear. Observation of the changes of different chemokines may help to explore the etiology of TAAD much further. Clinical data was collected from TAAD patients (TAAD group) and healthy controls (HC group) in our institute between October 2013 and December 2014. Blood sample was harvested from each subject of two groups. The expression levels of eighty chemokines were examined by protein array technology. Then we tested the expressions of macrophage inflammatory protein 1ß (MIP-1ß), epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), interleukin 16 (IL-16), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3) ligand by using luminex technology. Osteopontin (OPN) and monocyte chemotaxis protein (MCP) levels were analyzed by ELISA kits. The mean age of TAAD group is 49.9 ±â€¯11.2 and 48.7 ±â€¯9.9 in HC group, respectively. 76.0% of TAAD patients and 72.0% of healthy controls were male. MIP-1ß and ENA-78 expression in TAAD group were significantly lower than that in HC group, while significant increasing IL-16 level was found. Plasma levels of OPN in TAAD group increased remarkably compared with HC group, but MCP-1 and MCP-2 expression significantly decreased. No correlation was shown between serum CRP levels and plasma level of these cytokines by using Spearman analysis. ROC analysis showed that OPN could be indicators for TAAD diagnosis with sensitivity of 0.92 and specificity of 0.99. Our results provide a reasonable way to focus on the chemokines in understanding the pathogenesis of human TAAD.

Evaluation of ß-blocker therapy for long-term outcomes in patients with low ejection fraction after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been reported as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. However, there were few studies evaluating the long-term mortality in these patients. We, therefore, conducted this study to investigate long-term outcomes of surgery on patients with LVEF≤35% undergoing a broad range of cardiac procedures. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study in 510 patients from January 1, 2007 to September 1, 2019. These patients were divided into survival group (n = 386) and non-survival group (n = 124). The multivariate Cox analysis was used to estimate the risk factors for survival. In Cox analysis, ß-blockers were indicated to be associated with long-term mortality. To further address bias, we derived a propensity score predicting the function of ß-blockers on survival, and matched 52 cases to 52 controls with similar risk profiles. RESULTS: Patients were followed for a median period of 24 months (interquartile range: 11-44 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the non-survival group had higher weight, higher EuroSCORE, more smoking patients, longer time of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), more intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use, and more patients who always used ß-blocker (HR: 2.056, 95%CI:1.236-3.420, P = 0.005) compared with survival group. After propensity matching, the group which always used ß-blocker showed higher rate of all-cause death compare with the control group (61.54% vs 80.77%, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for long-term survival were weight, EuroSCORE, smoking, CPB, IABP, always used ß-blockers in patients with LVEF≤35%. The discharge prescription of ß-blocker should be cautiously administrated in those patients.

Mitral Valve Surgery via a Right Infra-axillary Thoracotomy in High-Risk Reoperative Patients.

BACKGROUND: A right infra-axillary thoracotomy can offer excellent exposure of the mitral valve. This study evaluated this incision for high-risk patients undergoing redo mitral valve procedures. METHODS: Of a series of 189 patients who had redo mitral valve surgery, 32 were reoperated via vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy based on previous aortic valve replacement, dense adhesion, location of patent bypass grafts, and peripheral vascular disease. RESULTS: Sternotomy was avoided in all cases. The mitral valve was replaced in 22 patients and repaired in 10 patients; left atrial folding was performed in 6 patients. All patients had uneventful outcomes and normal valve function during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Reoperative mitral valve surgeries can be performed safely using right infra-axillary thoracotomy in certain patients. The procedure offers excellent exposure of the mitral valve and minimizes the need for cardiac dissection, thus reducing injury risk. Avoiding a high risk of resternotomy increases patient comfort and safety.

Clinical Experience of Aortic Valve Surgery in Patients With Aortitis Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate single center's clinical experiences of aortic valve surgery for aortitis patients. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2018, 15 patients with aortitis disease were treated in our center. Among them, there were 7 males and 8 females with an average age of 48.5 ± 13.9 (29-76) years. Six patients were diagnosed as giant cell arteritis, 2 as Takayasu arteritis (Arteritis Group, N = 8) and 7 as Behcet's disease (BD Group, N = 7). Aortic valve surgery includes valvuloplasty, valve replacement, and root replacement (Bentall procedure). RESULTS: There were 15 cases with 19 operations, 8 cases in the Arteritis Group received 8 operations while 7 cases in the BD Group received 11 operations, including 4 redo operations. Preoperative patients' aortic valve regurgitation degree, diameter of ascending aorta and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar between the two groups. The type of aortic valve surgery also was no different. Cardiopulmonary bypass time of the BD Group seemed longer than the Arteritis Group but no different, the same as clamp time. Mechanical ventilation time is longer in the BD Group. The morbidity and mortality were similar, but the BD Group had significantly higher incidence of redo operations because of postoperative paravalvular leak or valve insufficiency (Arteritis Group versus BD Group, 0% versus 57.1%, P = .026). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical diagnosis and management of aortic valve patients with arteritis require comprehensive considerations. For aortitis patients with aortic valve surgery, special surgical techniques can be used to reduce the risk of prosthetic valve detachment.

Osteopontin in the Pathogenesis of Aortic Dissection by the Enhancement of MMP Expressions.

The pathogenesis of aortic dissection (AD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between osteopontin (OPN) and AD. Fifty AD patients were enrolled; 29 had hypertension with AD (H-AD) and 21 no hypertension with HD (NH-AD). Twenty-five healthy controls (NH-C) and 14 patients with hypertension (H-C) were also enrolled. Serum and aortic wall OPN levels were determined. Human vascular muscle cells (HVSMC) were stimulated by both low (1 µg/mL) and high (5 µg/mL) concentrations of OPN and cell proliferation as well as apoptosis was measured. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 gene expressions by HVSMC were measured and Akt, IκB, Smad1/5/8 and Erk1/2 signaling pathways were detected. Our results showed that AD patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum and local OPN expressions compared to healthy controls. In those with hypertension, the serum concentrations of OPN were increased compared to those without hypertension. In in vitro culture, a high dose of OPN stimulation promoted the proliferation of HVSMC but did not affect cell apoptosis. Both concentrations of OPN enhanced MMP-2 gene expression and its activity in HVSMC. Moreover, Akt and IκB signaling pathways were significantly activated after OPN stimulation while the Smad1/5/8 and Erk1/2 signaling pathways were not changed. The addition of an IκB inhibitor significantly abrogated MMP-2 gene expression. Our data show that OPN may participate in the pathogenesis of AD by the enhancement of MMP-2 expression.

Right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy for double valve replacement.

This study reviews the experience with a right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy (RVIAT) for double valve replacement (DVR).

Acquired Coronary Cameral Fistula Mimicking Prosthetic Aortic Valve Regurgitation.

A coronary cameral fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and any of the 4 cardiac chambers. Although congenital cases are more common, acquired CCFs, particularly after cardiac surgery, are rare. We present an unusual case of acquired CCF that occurred after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement and septal myectomy and that mimics prosthetic regurgitation.

A nomogram predicting pneumonia after cardiac surgery: a retrospective modeling study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is the most prevalent of all nosocomial infections in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for pneumonia after cardiac surgery, from which we constructed a nomogram for prediction. METHODS: The clinical data of patients admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021 who underwent cardiac surgery were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had POP: POP group (n=105) and non-POP group (n=1083). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative indicators were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for POP in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. We constructed a nomogram based on these independent risk factors. Model discrimination was assessed via area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration was assessed via calibration plot. RESULTS: A total of 105 events occurred in the 1188 cases. Age (>55 years) (OR: 1.83, P=0.0225), preoperative malnutrition (OR: 3.71, P<0.0001), diabetes mellitus(OR: 2.33, P=0.0036), CPB time (Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time) > 135 min (OR: 2.80, P<0.0001), moderate to severe ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome )(OR: 1.79, P=0.0148), use of ECMO or IABP or CRRT (ECMO: Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation; IABP: Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; CRRT: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy )(OR: 2.60, P=0.0057) and MV( Mechanical Ventilation )> 20 hours (OR: 3.11, P<0.0001) were independent risk factors for POP. Based on those independent risk factors, we constructed a simple nomogram with an AUC of 0.82. Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted probabilities and actual probabilities. CONCLUSION: We constructed a facile nomogram for predicting pneumonia after cardiac surgery with good discrimination and calibration. The model has excellent clinical applicability and can be used to identify and adjust modifiable risk factors to reduce the incidence of POP as well as patient mortality.

Postoperative hyper-inflammation as a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) undergoing surgical repair.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hyper-inflammation is a frequent event in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) after surgical repair. This study's objective was to determine which inflammatory biomarkers could be used to make a better formula for identifying postoperative hyper-inflammation, and which risk factors were associated with hyper-inflammation. METHODS: A total of 405 patients were enrolled in this study from October 1, 2020 to April 1, 2023. Of these patients, 124 exhibited poor outcomes. In order to investigate the optimal cut-off values for poor outcomes, logistic and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed on the following parameters on the first postoperative day: procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). These cut-off points were used to separate the patients into hyper-inflammatory (n = 52) and control (n = 353) groups. Finally, the logistic were used to find the risk factors of hyper-inflammatory. RESULTS: PCT, CRP, IL-6, and SII were independent risk factors of poor outcomes in the multivariate logistic model. Cut-off points of these biomarkers were 2.18 ng/ml, 49.76 mg/L, 301.88 pg/ml, 2509.96 × 109/L respectively. These points were used to define postoperative hyper-inflammation (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.35-6.53, P < 0.01). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) > 180 min, and deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA) > 40 min were the independent risk factors for hyper-inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: PCT > 2.18, CRP > 49.76, IL-6 > 301.88, and SII < 2509.96 could be used to define postoperative hyper-inflammation which increased mortality and morbidity in patients after ATAAD surgery. Based on these findings, we found that CPB > 180 min and DHCA > 40 min were separate risk factors for postoperative hyper-inflammation.

Comparison of Effects of Liuzijue Exercise and Conventional Respiratory Training on Patients after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of Liuzijue exercise (LE) for the clinical effect in patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Totally 120 patients who underwent cardiac surgery and were admitted to the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between July and Oclober, 2022 were allocated to the LE group, the conventional respiratory training (CRT) group, and the control group by a random number table at a ratio of 1:1:1; 40 patients in each group. All patients received routine treatment and cardiac rehabilitation. LE group and CRT group respectively performed LE and CRT once a day for 30 min for 7 days. Control group did not receive specialized respiratory training. The forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak inspiratory flow rate, peak expiratory flow rate, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, modified Barthel index (MBI), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were evaluated before, after 3 and 7 days of intervention. In addition, the postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) and the adverse events that occurred during the intervention period were compared. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients completed the study, 120 patients were included in the analysis. After 3 days of intervention, the pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, MBI and HAM-A of all 3 groups improved compared with that before the intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength were significantly improved in the CRT and LE groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). MBI and HAM-A were significantly improved in the LE group compared with the control and CRT groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On the 7th day after intervention, the difference was still statistically significant (P<0.01), and was significantly different from that on the 3rd day (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, on the 7th day of intervention, the pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in the LE group were significantly improved compared with those in the CRT group (P<0.01). MBI and HAM-A were significantly improved in the CRT group compared with the control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in postoperative LOS among the 3 groups (P>0.05). No training-related adverse events occurred during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: LE is safe and feasible for improving pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, the ability to complete activities of daily living and for relieving anxiety of patients after cardiac surgery (Registration No. ChiCTR2200062964).

Analysis of risk factors for postoperative mortality in acute type A aortic dissection patients under different critical levels.

We built up a risk stratification model to divide acute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) patients into low- and high-risk groups, further, to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative mortality. A total of 1364 patients from 2010 to 2020 in our center were retrospectively analyzed. More than twenty clinical variables were related with postoperative mortality. The postoperative mortality of the high-risk patients was doubled than the low-risk ones (21.8% vs 10.1%). The increased operation time, combined coronary artery bypass graft, cerebral complications, re-intubation, continuous renal replacement therapy and surgical infection were risk factors of postoperative mortality in low-risk patients. In addition, postoperative lower limbs or visceral malperfusion were risk factors, axillary artery cannulation and moderate hypothermia were protective factors in high-risk patients. A scoring system for quick decision-making is needed to select appropriate surgical strategy in aTAAD patients. For low-risk patients, different surgical treatments can be performed with similar clinical prognosis. Limited arch treatment and appropriate cannulation approach are crucial in high-risk aTAAD patients.

A machine learning approach for predicting descending thoracic aortic diameter.

Background: To establish models for predicting descending thoracic aortic diameters and provide evidence for selecting the size of the stent graft for TBAD patients. Methods: A total of 200 candidates without severe deformation of aorta were included. CTA information was collected and 3D reconstructed. In the reconstructed CTA, a total of 12 cross-sections of peripheral vessels were made perpendicular to the axis of flow of the aorta. Parameters of the cross sections and basic clinical characteristics were used for prediction. The data was randomly split into the training set and the test set in an 8:2 ratio. To fully describe diameters of descending thoracic aorta, three predicted points were set based quadrisection, and a total of 12 models at three predicted points were established using four algorithms included linear regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), Extra-Tree regression (ETR) and random forest regression (RFR). The performance of models was evaluated by mean square error (MSE) of the prediction value, and the ranking of feature importance was given by Shapley value. After modeling, prognosis of five TEVAR cases and stent oversizing were compared. Results: We identified a series of parameters which affect the diameter of descending thoracic aorta, including age, hypertension, the area of proximal edge of superior mesenteric artery, etc. Among four predictive models, all the MSEs of SVM models at three different predicted position were less than 2 mm2, with approximately 90% predicted diameters error less than 2 mm in the test sets. In patients with dSINE, stent oversizing was about 3 mm, while only 1 mm in patients without complications. Conclusion: The predictive models established by machine learning revealed the relationship between basic characteristics and diameters of different segment of descending aorta, which help to provide evidence for selecting the matching distal size of the stent for TBAD patients, thereby reducing the incidence of TEVAR complications.

Diagnosis of Early Bacterial Pneumonia and Sepsis After Cardiovascular Surgery: A Diagnostic Prediction Model Based on LASSO Logistic Regression.

Background: Early postoperative bacterial pneumonia and sepsis (ePOPS), which occurs within the first 48 hours after cardiovascular surgery, is a serious life-threatening complication. Diagnosis of ePOPS is extremely challenging, and the existing diagnostic tools are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to construct a novel diagnostic prediction model for ePOPS. Methods: Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) with logistic regression was used to construct a model to diagnose ePOPS based on patients' comorbidities, medical history, and laboratory findings. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the model discrimination. Results: A total of 1203 patients were recruited and randomly split into a training and validation set in a 7:3 ratio. By early morning on the 3rd postoperative day (POD3), 103 patients had experienced 133 episodes of bacterial pneumonia or sepsis (15 patients had both). LASSO logistic regression model showed that duration of mechanical ventilation (P=0.015), NYHA class ≥ III (P=0.001), diabetes (P<0.001), exudation on chest radiograph (P=0.011) and IL-6 on POD3 (P<0.001) were independent risk factors. Based on these factors, we created a nomogram named DICS-I with an AUC of 0.787 in the training set and 0.739 in the validation set. Conclusion: The DICS-I model may be used to predict the risk of ePOPS after cardiovascular surgery, and is also especially suitable for predicting the risk of IRAO. The DICS-I model could help clinicians to adjust antibiotics on the POD3.

Relationship between preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and surgery outcome in type A aortic dissection.

Background: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is associated with the mortality of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between preoperative LMR and the prognosis of patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) undergoing surgical treatment remains to be determined. Methods: We enrolled 879 patients with TAAD undergoing surgical treatment between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: the Deceased group and the Survived group. The baseline clinical and operative characteristics of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the association between LMR and in-hospital mortality was significant, and LMR (OR = 1.598, 95% CI 1.114-2.485, P = 0.022) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: Lower LMR may be independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality in TAAD undergoing surgical treatment.

Serum Oxylipin Profiles Identify Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease with a dismal prognosis. Inflammation plays an important role in AD. Oxylipins are bioactive lipids involved in the modulation of inflammation and may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. This study aims to identify possible metabolites related to AD. A total of 10 type A Aortic dissection (TAAD) patients, 10 type B Aortic dissection (TBAD) patients and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Over 100 oxylipin species were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our investigation demonstrated substantial alterations in 91 oxylipins between AD and healthy individuals. Patients with TAAD had 89 entries accessible compared to healthy controls. According to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), fitness (R2X = 0.362 and R2Y = 0.807, p = 0.03) and predictability (Q2 = 0.517, p = 0.005) are the validation parameters between the two groups. Using multivariate logistic regression, 13-HOTrE and 16(17)-EpDPE were the risk factors in the aortic patients group compared to healthy people (OR = 2.467, 95%CI:1.256-7.245, p = 0.035; OR = 0.015, 95%CI:0.0002-0.3240, p = 0.016, respectively). In KEGG enrichment of differential metabolites, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway has the most metabolites involved. We established a diagnostic model in distinguishing between AD and healthy people. The AUC was 0.905. Oxylipins were significantly altered in AD patients, suggesting oxylipin profile is expected to exploit a novel, non-invasive, objective diagnosis for AD.