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1.
EMBO Rep ; 22(9): e51981, 2021 09 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34260142

RESUMEN

Glutaminolysis is known to correlate with ovarian cancer aggressiveness and invasion. However, how this affects the tumor microenvironment is elusive. Here, we show that ovarian cancer cells become addicted to extracellular glutamine when silenced for glutamine synthetase (GS), similar to naturally occurring GS-low, glutaminolysis-high ovarian cancer cells. Glutamine addiction elicits a crosstalk mechanism whereby cancer cells release N-acetylaspartate (NAA) which, through the inhibition of the NMDA receptor, and synergistically with IL-10, enforces GS expression in macrophages. In turn, GS-high macrophages acquire M2-like, tumorigenic features. Supporting this in␣vitro model, in silico data and the analysis of ascitic fluid isolated from ovarian cancer patients prove that an M2-like macrophage phenotype, IL-10 release, and NAA levels positively correlate with disease stage. Our study uncovers the unprecedented role of glutamine metabolism in modulating macrophage polarization in highly invasive ovarian cancer and highlights the anti-inflammatory, protumoral function of NAA.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Aspártico , Neoplasias Ováricas , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Macrófagos , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Microambiente Tumoral
2.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther ; 72: 102098, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34793977

RESUMEN

The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is due to the lack/dysfunction of the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel expressed by epithelial cells as the main regulator of ion and fluid homeostasis. More than 2000 genetic variation in the CFTR gene are known, among which those with identified pathomechanism have been divided into six mutation classes. A major advancement in the pharmacotherapy of CF has been the development of small-molecule drugs hitting the root of the disease, i.e. the altered ion and fluid transport through the airway epithelium. These drugs, called CFTR modulators, have been advanced to the clinics to treat nearly 90% of CF patients, including the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor, approved for residual function mutations (Classes III and IV), and combinations of correctors (lumacaftor, tezacaftor, elexacaftor) and ivacaftor for patients bearing at least one the F508del mutation, the most frequent mutation belonging to class II. To cover the 10% of CF patients without etiological therapies, other novel small-molecule CFTR modulators are in evaluation of their effectiveness in all the CFTR mutation classes: read-through agents for Class I, correctors, potentiators and amplifiers from different companies for Class II-V, stabilizers for Class VI. In alternative, other solute carriers, such as SLC26A9 and SLC6A14, are the focus of intensive investigation. Finally, other molecular targets are being evaluated for patients with no approved CFTR modulator therapy or as means of enhancing CFTR modulatory therapy, including small molecules forming ion channels, inhibitors of the ENaC sodium channel and potentiators of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. This paper aims to give an up-to-date overview of old and novel CFTR modulators as well as of novel strategies based on small-molecule drugs. Further investigations in in-vivo and cell-based models as well as carrying out large prospective studies will be required to determine if novel CFTR modulators, stabilizers, amplifiers, and the ENaC inhibitors or TMEM16A potentiators will further improve the clinical outcomes in CF management.


Asunto(s)
Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística , Fibrosis Quística , Aminofenoles/efectos adversos , Canales de Cloruro/genética , Fibrosis Quística/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Mutación , Estudios Prospectivos
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(3)2022 Jan 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35162971

RESUMEN

H+/K+ ATPase Type 2 is an heteromeric membrane protein involved in cation transmembrane transport and consists of two subunits: a specific α subunit (ATP12A) and a non-specific ß subunit. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence and establish the localization of ATP12A in spermatozoa from Bubalus bubalis, Bos taurus and Ovis aries. Immunoblotting revealed, in all three species, a major band (100 kDa) corresponding to the expected molecular mass. The ATP12A immunolocalization pattern showed, consistently in the three species, a strong signal at the acrosome. These results, described here for the first time in spermatozoa, are consistent with those observed for the ß1 subunit of Na+/K+ ATPase, suggesting that the latter may assemble with the α subunit to produce a functional ATP12A dimer in sperm cells. The above scenario appeared to be nicely supported by 3D comparative modeling and interaction energy calculations. The expression of ATP12A during different stages of bovine sperm maturation progressively increased, moving from epididymis to deferent ducts. Based on overall results, we hypothesize that ATP12A may play a role in acrosome reactions. Further studies will be required in order to address the functional role of this target protein in sperm physiology.


Asunto(s)
ATPasa Intercambiadora de Hidrógeno-Potásio , Espermatozoides , Animales , Búfalos/metabolismo , Bovinos , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Hidrógeno-Potásio/metabolismo , Transporte Iónico , Masculino , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo
4.
Molecules ; 27(3)2022 Jan 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35164216

RESUMEN

Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders-and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets-are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Enfermedades Metabólicas/complicaciones , Fenómenos Fisiológicos del Sistema Nervioso , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/etiología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/patología , Humanos , Enfermedades Metabólicas/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/etiología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(2)2021 Jan 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33478087

RESUMEN

The redox states of NAD and NADP are linked to each other in the mitochondria thanks to the enzyme nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) which, by utilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (mΔΨ), catalyzes the transfer of redox potential between these two coenzymes, reducing one at the expense of the oxidation of the other. In order to define NNT reaction direction in CF cells, NNT activity under different redox states of cell has been investigated. Using spectrophotometric and western blotting techniques, the presence, abundance and activity level of NNT were determined. In parallel, the levels of NADPH and NADH as well as of mitochondrial and cellular ROS were also quantified. CF cells showed a 70% increase in protein expression compared to the Wt sample; however, regarding NNT activity, it was surprisingly lower in CF cells than healthy cells (about 30%). The cellular redox state, together with the low mΔΨ, pushes to drive NNT reverse reaction, at the expense of its antioxidant potential, thus consuming NADPH to support NADH production. At the same time, the reduced NNT activity prevents the NADH, produced by the reaction, from causing an explosion of ROS by the damaged respiratory chain, in accordance with the reduced level of mitochondrial ROS in NNT-loss cells. This new information on cellular bioenergetics represents an important building block for further understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular dysfunction in cystic fibrosis.


Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , NADP Transhidrogenasas/metabolismo , Catálisis , Células Cultivadas , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Fibrosis Quística/patología , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/fisiología , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Humanos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/fisiología , Redes y Vías Metabólicas/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , NAD/metabolismo , NADP/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(24)2020 Dec 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33348850

RESUMEN

Mitochondria in neurons contribute to energy supply, the regulation of synaptic transmission, Ca2+ homeostasis, neuronal excitability, and stress adaptation. In recent years, several studies have highlighted that the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis in cortical neurons, and regulates mitochondrial activity and cellular function in cardiomyocytes. 5-HT exerts its diverse actions by binding to cell surface receptors that are classified into seven distinct families (5-HT1 to 5-HT7). Recently, it was shown that 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors are located on the mitochondrial membrane and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, it was observed that activation of brain 5-HT7 receptors rescued mitochondrial dysfunction in female mice from two models of Rett syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe behavioral and physiological symptoms. Our Western blot analyses performed on cell-lysate and purified mitochondria isolated from neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y showed that 5-HT7 receptors are also expressed into mitochondria. Maximal binding capacity (Bmax) obtained by Scatchard analysis on purified mitochondrial membranes was 0.081 pmol/mg of 5-HT7 receptor protein. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of selective 5-HT7 receptor agonist LP-211 and antagonist (inverse agonist) SB-269970 on mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) cytochrome c oxidase activity on mitochondria from SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings provide the first evidence that 5-HT7 receptor is also expressed in mitochondria.


Asunto(s)
Membranas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Humanos , Membranas Mitocondriales/efectos de los fármacos , Neuroblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuroblastoma/patología , Receptores de Serotonina/química , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/farmacología , Agonistas de Receptores de Serotonina/farmacología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(7)2020 Mar 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32244302

RESUMEN

The treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients homozygous for the F508del mutation with Orkambi®, a combination of a corrector (lumacaftor) and a potentiator (ivacaftor) of the mutated CFTR protein, resulted in some amelioration of the respiratory function. However, a great variability in the clinical response was also observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to Orkambi® in a small cohort of F508del/F508del patients (n = 14) in terms of clinical and laboratory parameters, including ex vivo CFTR activity in mononuclear cells (MNCs), during a 12-month treatment. Patients responded with an increase in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) and body mass index (BMI) as well as with a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) total counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, although not significantly. Sweat chloride and CFTR-dependent chloride efflux were found to decrease and increase, respectively, as compared with pre-therapy values. CFTR and BMI showed a statistically significant correlation during Orkambi® treatment. Clustering analysis showed that CFTR, BMI, sweat chloride, FEV1%, and WBC were strongly associated. These data support the notion that CFTR-dependent chloride efflux in MNCs should be investigated as a sensitive outcome measure of Orkambi® treatment in CF patients.


Asunto(s)
Aminofenoles/uso terapéutico , Aminopiridinas/uso terapéutico , Benzodioxoles/uso terapéutico , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Fibrosis Quística/terapia , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Quinolonas/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Cloruros/metabolismo , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Homocigoto , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Pacientes , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Adulto Joven
8.
J Cell Sci ; 129(6): 1128-40, 2016 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26823603

RESUMEN

The most common mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, F508del, produces a misfolded protein resulting in its defective trafficking to the cell surface and an impaired chloride secretion. Pharmacological treatments partially rescue F508del CFTR activity either directly by interacting with the mutant protein and/or indirectly by altering the cellular protein homeostasis. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of ezrin together with its binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) tethers the F508del CFTR to the actin cytoskeleton, stabilizing it on the apical membrane and rescuing the sub-membrane compartmentalization of cAMP and activated PKA. Both the small molecules trimethylangelicin (TMA) and VX-809, which act as 'correctors' for F508del CFTR by rescuing F508del-CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, also restore the apical expression of phosphorylated ezrin and actin organization and increase cAMP and activated PKA submembrane compartmentalization in both primary and secondary cystic fibrosis airway cells. Latrunculin B treatment or expression of the inactive ezrin mutant T567A reverse the TMA and VX-809-induced effects highlighting the role of corrector-dependent ezrin activation and actin re-organization in creating the conditions to generate a sub-cortical cAMP pool of adequate amplitude to activate the F508del-CFTR-dependent chloride secretion.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animales , Cloruros/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/genética , Fibrosis Quística/enzimología , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Citoesqueleto/genética , Humanos , Fosforilación , Ratas , Eliminación de Secuencia , Transducción de Señal
9.
Reproduction ; 155(5): 433-445, 2018 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29491124

RESUMEN

Sperm motility, a feature essential for in vivo fertilization, is influenced by intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis. Several mechanisms are involved in pHi regulation, among which sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs), a family of integral transmembrane proteins that catalyze the exchange of Na+ for H+ across lipid bilayers. A preliminary characterization of NHE activity and kinetic parameters, followed by analysis of the expression and localization of the protein in ram spermatozoa was performed. NHE activity showed an apparent Km for external Na+ of 17.61 mM. Immunoblotting revealed a molecular mass of 85 kDa. Immunolocalization pattern showed some species-specific aspects, such as positive labeling at the equatorial region of the sperm head. Cariporide, a selective NHE1 inhibitor, significantly reduced pHi recovery (85%). Similarly, exposure to cariporide significantly inhibited different motility parameters, including those related to sperm capacitation. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was not affected by cariporide, possibly due to the non-dramatic, although significant, drop in motility and velocity parameters or due to prolonged exposure during IVF, which may have caused progressive loss of its inhibitory effect. In conclusion, this is the first study documenting, in a large animal model (sheep) of well-known translational relevance, a direct functional role of NHE on sperm pHi and motility. The postulated specificity of cariporide toward isoform 1 of the Na+/H+ exchanger seems to suggest that NHE1 may contribute to the observed effects on sperm cell functionality.


Asunto(s)
Guanidinas/farmacología , Intercambiador 1 de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Sulfonas/farmacología , Animales , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Ovinos , Capacitación Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Capacitación Espermática/fisiología , Motilidad Espermática/fisiología , Espermatozoides/metabolismo
10.
J Bioenerg Biomembr ; 48(3): 197-210, 2016 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27146408

RESUMEN

Evidence supporting the occurrence of oxidative stress in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is well established and the literature suggests that oxidative stress is inseparably linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we have characterized mitochondrial function, in particular as it regards the steps of oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production, in airway cells either homozygous for the F508del-CFTR allele or stably expressing wt-CFTR. We find that oxygen consumption, ΔΨ generation, adenine nucleotide translocator-dependent ADP/ATP exchange and both mitochondrial Complex I and IV activities are impaired in CF cells, while both mitochondrial ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation increase. Importantly, treatment of CF cells with the small molecules VX-809 and 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing the F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, while having no effect per sè on mitochondrial function in wt-CFTR cells, significantly improved all the above mitochondrial parameters towards values found in the airway cells expressing wt-CFTR. This novel study on mitochondrial bioenergetics provides a springboard for future research to further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the involvement of mitochondria in CF and identify the proteins primarily responsible for the F508del-CFTR-dependent mitochondrial impairment and thus reveal potential novel targets for CF therapy.


Asunto(s)
Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/fisiología , Enfermedades Mitocondriales/fisiopatología , Mutación , Aminopiridinas/farmacología , Aminopiridinas/uso terapéutico , Benzodioxoles/farmacología , Benzodioxoles/uso terapéutico , Células Cultivadas , Cloruros/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Furocumarinas/farmacología , Furocumarinas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Enfermedades Mitocondriales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Sistema Respiratorio/citología
11.
J Cell Mol Med ; 18(8): 1631-43, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24894806

RESUMEN

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, with most of the mortality given by the lung disease. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (hAMSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine in the field of lung disease; however, their potential as therapeutics for CF lung disease has not been fully explored. In the present study, hAMSCs were analysed in co-cultures on Transwell filters with CF immortalized airway epithelial cells (CFBE41o- line) at different ratios to exploit their potency to resume basic defects associated with CF. The results show that F-actin content was increased in co-cultures as compared with CF cells and actin was reorganized to form stress fibres. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that co-cultures had a tendency of increased expression of occludin and ZO-1 at the intercellular borders, paralleled by a decrease in dextran permeability, suggestive of more organized tight junctions (TJs). Spectrofluorometric analysis of CFTR function demonstrated that hAMSC-CFBE co-cultures resumed chloride transport, in line with the appearance of the mature Band C of CFTR protein by Western blotting. Moreover, hAMSC-CFBE co-cultures, at a 1:5 ratio, showed a decrease in fluid absorption, as opposed to CFBE cell monolayers that displayed a great rate of fluid resorption from the apical side. Our data show that human amniotic MSCs can be used in co-culture with CF respiratory epithelial cells to model their engraftment into the airways and have the potential to resume a tight epithelium with partial correction of the CF phenotype.


Asunto(s)
Amnios/metabolismo , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/patología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Canales Epiteliales de Sodio/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Amnios/citología , Western Blotting , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Cloruros/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Células Epiteliales/patología , Canales Epiteliales de Sodio/genética , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Uniones Estrechas/fisiología , Ingeniería de Tejidos
12.
Pflugers Arch ; 466(12): 2269-78, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24595473

RESUMEN

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the airway cells decrease apical expression of both wild-type (wt) and F508del CFTR through the inhibition of apical endocytic recycling. CFTR endocytic recycling is known to be regulated by its interaction with PDZ domain containing proteins. Recent work has shown that the PDZ domain scaffolding protein NHERF1 finely regulates both wt and F508delCFTR membrane recycling. Here, we investigated the effect of P. aeruginosa infection on NHERF1 post-translational modifications and how this affects CFTR expression in bronchial epithelial cells and in murine lung. Both in vitro in bronchial cells, and in vivo in mice, infection reduced CFTR expression and increased NHERF1 molecular weight through its hyper-phosphorylation and ubquitination as a consequence of both bacterial pilin- and flagellin-mediated host-cell interaction. The ability of P. aeruginosa to down-regulate mature CFTR expression was reduced both in vivo in NHERF1 knockout mice and in vitro after silencing NHERF1 expression or mutations blocking its phosphorylation at serines 279 and 301. These studies provide the first evidence that NHERF1 phosphorylation may negatively regulate its action and, therefore, the assembly and function of multiprotein NHERF1 complexes in response to infection. The identification of molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects could identify novel targets to block potential P. aeruginosa interference with the efficacy of potentiator and/or corrector compounds.


Asunto(s)
Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Animales , Bronquios/citología , Bronquios/metabolismo , Bronquios/microbiología , Línea Celular , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Humanos , Pulmón/citología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/microbiología , Ratones , Mutación , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosforilación , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Mucosa Respiratoria/microbiología , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno/genética , Ubiquitinación
13.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 307(1): L48-61, 2014 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24816489

RESUMEN

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) carrying the F508del mutation is retained in endoplasmic reticulum and fails to traffic to the cell surface where it functions as a protein kinase A (PKA)-activated chloride channel. Pharmacological correctors that rescue the trafficking of F508del CFTR may overcome this defect; however, the rescued F508del CFTR still displays reduced chloride permeability. Therefore, a combined administration of correctors and potentiators of the gating defect is ideal. We recently found that 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin (TMA), besides inhibiting the expression of the IL-8 gene in airway cells in which the inflammatory response was challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also potentiates the cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of wild-type CFTR or F508del CFTR that has been restored to the plasma membrane. Here, we demonstrate that long preincubation with nanomolar concentrations of TMA is able to effectively rescue both F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion and F508del CFTR cell surface expression in both primary or secondary airway cell monolayers homozygous for F508del mutation. The correction effect of TMA seems to be selective for CFTR and persisted for 24 h after washout. Altogether, the results suggest that TMA, besides its anti-inflammatory and potentiator activities, also displays corrector properties.


Asunto(s)
Cloruros/metabolismo , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Fibrosis Quística/tratamiento farmacológico , Furocumarinas/farmacología , Animales , Línea Celular , Membrana Celular/genética , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/genética , Fibrosis Quística/patología , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Furocumarinas/uso terapéutico , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Transporte de Proteínas/genética , Ratas
14.
J Cell Sci ; 125(Pt 5): 1106-17, 2012 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22302988

RESUMEN

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation ΔF508CFTR still causes regulatory defects when rescued to the apical membrane, suggesting that the intracellular milieu might affect its ability to respond to cAMP regulation. We recently reported that overexpression of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor NHERF1 in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway cell line CFBE41o-rescues the functional expression of ΔF508CFTR by promoting F-actin organization and formation of the NHERF1-ezrin-actin complex. Here, using real-time FRET reporters of both PKA activity and cAMP levels, we find that lack of an organized subcortical cytoskeleton in CFBE41o-cells causes both defective accumulation of cAMP in the subcortical compartment and excessive cytosolic accumulation of cAMP. This results in reduced subcortical levels and increased cytosolic levels of PKA activity. NHERF1 overexpression in CFBE41o-cells restores chloride secretion, subcortical cAMP compartmentalization and local PKA activity, indicating that regulation of ΔF508CFTR function requires not only stable expression of the mutant CFTR at the cell surface but also depends on both generation of local cAMP signals of adequate amplitude and activation of PKA in proximity of its target. Moreover, we found that the knockdown of wild-type CFTR in the non-CF 16HBE14o-cells results in both altered cytoskeletal organization and loss of cAMP compartmentalization, whereas stable overexpression of wt CFTR in CF cells restores cytoskeleton organization and re-establishes the compartmentalization of cAMP at the plasma membrane. This suggests that the presence of CFTR on the plasma membrane influences the cytoskeletal organizational state and, consequently, cAMP distribution. Our data show that a sufficiently high concentration of cAMP in the subcortical compartment is required to achieve PKA-mediated regulation of CFTR activity.


Asunto(s)
Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/fisiología , Mucosa Respiratoria/citología , Mucosa Respiratoria/fisiología , Línea Celular , AMP Cíclico/biosíntesis , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/genética , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Humanos , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo
15.
Biol Cell ; 105(9): 399-413, 2013 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23718135

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: P2×7R is a member of the ionotropic family of purinergic receptors activated by millimolar concentrations of extracellular ATP such as induced by inflammatory stimuli. The receptor is widely expressed in cells of haematopoietic origin such as monocytes, macrophages and microglia. There is growing interest in anta-gonist compounds of the P2×7R since it has been demonstrated to be a viable therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. Here, we tested the possible P2×7 antagonist effect of MED1101, a newly synthesised dialdehydic compound on U937 monocyte cells. RESULTS: Human U937 cells express the full-length P2×7A receptor isoform. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inducer of inflammation, significantly increased the expression of the receptor in the plasma membrane. Importantly, MED1101 induced internalisation of the P2×7R already after 30 min incubation in both physiological conditions and in presence of the inflammatory stimulus (LPS) and this effect was observable for up to 12 h after its removal. Moreover, MED1101 induced an impairment of monocyte migration/transmigration through direct P2×7R antagonism and subsequent inhibition of the intracellular signal transduction processes of Ca2+ influx and MAPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly demonstrate that in U937 monocyte cells MED1101 acts as a P2×7R antagonist through the induction of receptor internalisation and subsequent inhibition of down-stream signal transduction pathways that regulate monocyte migration/transmigration, thus playing a potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Aldehídos/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas del Receptor Purinérgico P2X/farmacología , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/genética , Adenosina/farmacología , Calcio/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Células U937
16.
Lab Invest ; 92(11): 1527-40, 2012 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22964850

RESUMEN

Tight junctions (TJs) restrict the transit of ions and molecules through the paracellular route and act as a barrier to regulate access of inflammatory cells into the airway lumen. The pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by abnormal ion and fluid transport across the epithelium and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte-dominated inflammatory response. Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a protein involved in PKA-dependent activation of CFTR by interacting with CFTR via its PDZ domains and with ezrin via its C-terminal domain. We have previously found that the NHERF1-overexpression dependent rescue CFTR-dependent chloride secretion is due to the re-organisation of the actin cytoskeleton network induced by the formation of the multiprotein complex NHERF1-RhoA-ezrin-actin. In this context, we here studied whether NHERF1 and CFTR are involved in the organisation and function of TJs. F508del CFBE41o⁻ monolayers presented nuclear localisation of zonula occludens (ZO-1) and occludin as well as disorganisation of claudin 1 and junction-associated adhesion molecule 1 as compared with wild-type 16HBE14o⁻ monolayers, paralleled by increased permeability to dextrans and PMN transmigration. Overexpression of either NHERF1 or CFTR in CFBE41o⁻ cells rescued TJ proteins to their proper intercellular location and decreased permeability and PMN transmigration, while this effect was not achieved by overexpressing either NHERF1 deprived of ezrin-binding domain. Further, expression of a phospho-dead ezrin mutant, T567A, increased permeability in both 16HBE14o⁻ cells and in a CFBE clone stably overexpressing NHERF1 (CFBE/sNHERF1), whereas a constitutively active form of ezrin, T567D, achieved the opposite effect in CFBE41o⁻ cells. A dominant-negative form of RhoA (RhoA-N19) also disrupted ZO-1 localisation at the intercellular contacts dislodging it to the nucleus and increased permeability in CFBE/sNHERF1. The inhibitor Y27632 of Rho kinase (ROCK) increased permeability as well. Overall, these data suggest a significant role for the multiprotein complex CFTR-NHERF1-ezrin-actin in maintaining TJ organisation and barrier function, and suggest that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved.


Asunto(s)
Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Células Epiteliales/citología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Humanos , Mucosa Respiratoria/citología , Proteínas de Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Quinasas Asociadas a rho/metabolismo , Proteína de Unión al GTP rhoA/metabolismo
17.
J Med Chem ; 65(6): 5004-5028, 2022 03 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35257581

RESUMEN

Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists can boost the resolution of inflammation and can offer alternative approaches for the treatment of pathologies with underlying chronic neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative disorders. Starting from the FPR2 agonist 2 previously identified in our laboratory and through fine-tuning of FPR2 potency and metabolic stability, we have identified a new series of ureidopropanamide derivatives endowed with a balanced combination of such properties. Computational studies provided insights into the key interactions of the new compounds for FPR2 activation. In mouse microglial N9 cells and in rat primary microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, selected compounds inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, counterbalanced the changes in mitochondrial function, and inhibited caspase-3 activity. Among the new agonists, (S)-11l stands out also for the ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier and to accumulate in the mouse brain in vivo, thus representing a valuable pharmacological tool for studies in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central , Receptores de Formil Péptido , Animales , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Microglía/metabolismo , Ratas , Receptores de Formil Péptido/agonistas , Receptores de Lipoxina/metabolismo
18.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 300(3): L380-90, 2011 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21148790

RESUMEN

Chronic inflammatory response in the airway tract of patients affected by cystic fibrosis is characterized by an excessive recruitment of neutrophils to the bronchial lumina, driven by the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8. We previously found that 5-methoxypsoralen reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa-dependent IL-8 transcription in bronchial epithelial cell lines, with an IC(50) of 10 µM (Nicolis E, Lampronti I, Dechecchi MC, Borgatti M, Tamanini A, Bezzerri V, Bianchi N, Mazzon M, Mancini I, Giri MG, Rizzotti P, Gambari R, Cabrini G. Int Immunopharmacol 9: 1411-1422, 2009). Here, we extended the investigation to analogs of 5-methoxypsoralen, and we found that the most potent effect is obtained with 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin (TMA), which inhibits P. aeruginosa-dependent IL-8 transcription at nanomolar concentration in IB3-1, CuFi-1, CFBE41o-, and Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell lines. Analysis of phosphoproteins involved in proinflammatory transmembrane signaling evidenced that TMA reduces the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase-1 and AKT2/3, which we found indeed involved in P. aeruginosa-dependent activation of IL-8 gene transcription by testing the effect of pharmacological inhibitors. In addition, we found a docking site of TMA into NF-κB by in silico analysis, whereas inhibition of the NF-κB/DNA interactions in vitro by EMSA was observed at high concentrations (10 mM TMA). To further understand whether NF-κB pathway should be considered a target of TMA, chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed, and we observed that TMA (100 nM) preincubated in whole living cells reduced the interaction of NF-κB with the promoter of IL-8 gene. These results suggest that TMA could inhibit IL-8 gene transcription mainly by intervening on driving the recruitment of activated transcription factors on IL-8 gene promoter, as demonstrated here for NF-κB. Although the complete understanding of the mechanism of action of TMA deserves further investigation, an activity of TMA on phosphorylating pathways was already demonstrated by our study. Finally, since psoralens have been shown to potentiate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride transport, TMA was tested and found to potentiate CFTR-dependent chloride efflux. In conclusion, TMA is a dual-acting compound reducing excessive IL-8 expression and potentiating CFTR function.


Asunto(s)
Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Furocumarinas/farmacología , Interleucina-8/genética , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Bronquios/citología , Línea Celular , Cloruros/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Furocumarinas/química , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Trioxsaleno/química , Trioxsaleno/farmacología
19.
Front Immunol ; 12: 734229, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34659222

RESUMEN

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for macrophages to eliminate invasive microorganisms. However, as observed in nonphagocytic cells, ROS play essential roles in processes that are different from pathogen killing, as signal transduction, differentiation, and gene expression. The different outcomes of these events are likely to depend on the specific subcellular site of ROS formation, as well as the duration and extent of ROS production. While excessive accumulation of ROS has long been appreciated for its detrimental effects, there is now a deeper understanding of their roles as signaling molecules. This could explain the failure of the "all or none" pharmacologic approach with global antioxidants to treat several diseases. NADPH oxidase is the first source of ROS that has been identified in macrophages. However, growing evidence highlights mitochondria as a crucial site of ROS formation in these cells, mainly due to electron leakage of the respiratory chain or to enzymes, such as monoamine oxidases. Their role in redox signaling, together with their exact site of formation is only partially elucidated. Hence, it is essential to identify the specific intracellular sources of ROS and how they influence cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions to develop therapies targeting oxidative signaling networks. In this review, we will focus on the different sites of ROS formation in macrophages and how they impact on metabolic processes and inflammatory signaling, highlighting the role of mitochondrial as compared to non-mitochondrial ROS sources.


Asunto(s)
Macrófagos/enzimología , Mitocondrias/enzimología , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción
20.
Cancers (Basel) ; 13(21)2021 Oct 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34771641

RESUMEN

Macrophages are immune cells that are important for the development of the defensive front line of the innate immune system. Following signal recognition, macrophages undergo activation toward specific functional states, consisting not only in the acquisition of specific features but also of peculiar metabolic programs associated with each function. For these reasons, macrophages are often isolated from mice to perform cellular assays to study the mechanisms mediating immune cell activation. This requires expensive and time-consuming breeding and housing of mice strains. To overcome this issue, we analyzed an in-house J2-generated immortalized macrophage cell line from BMDMs, both from a functional and metabolic point of view. By assaying the intracellular and extracellular metabolism coupled with the phenotypic features of immortalized versus primary BMDMs, we concluded that classically and alternatively immortalized macrophages display similar phenotypical, metabolic and functional features compared to primary cells polarized in the same way. Our study validates the use of this immortalized cell line as a suitable model with which to evaluate in vitro how perturbations can influence the phenotypical and functional features of murine macrophages.

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