Association between the C-Reactive Protein-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) Index and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in CAD Patients after PCI: Findings of a Real-World Study.

Background: The C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel inflammatory biomarker, and its association with the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not previously been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of using the CALLY index on adverse outcomes in CAD patients undergoing PCI. Methods: From December 2016 to October 2021, we consecutively enrolled 15,250 CAD patients and performed follow-ups for primary endpoints consisting of all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The CALLY index was computed using the following formula: (albumin × lymphocyte)/(C-reactive protein (CRP) × 10 4 ). The average duration of the follow-up was 24 months. Results: A total of 3799 CAD patients who had undergone PCI were ultimately enrolled in the present study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the CALLY index quartiles: Q1 ( ≤ 0.69, n = 950), Q2 (0.69-2.44, n = 950), Q3 (2.44-9.52, n = 950), and Q4 ( > 9.52, n = 949). The low-Q1 group had a significantly higher prevalence of ACM (p < 0.001), CM (p < 0.001), major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (p = 0.002), and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) (p = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a low CALLY index was significantly linked with adverse outcomes. After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, the risk of ACM, CM, MACEs, and MACCEs decreased by 73.7% (adjust hazard risk [HR] = 0.263, 95% CI: 0.147-0.468, p < 0.001), 70.6% (adjust HR = 0.294, 95% CI: 0.150-0.579, p < 0. 001), 37.4% (adjust HR = 0.626, 95% CI: 0.422-0.929, p = 0.010), and 41.5% (adjust HR = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.401-0.856, p = 0.006), respectively, in the Q4 quartiles compared with the Q1 quartiles. Conclusions: This study revealed that a decreased CALLY index was associated with worse prognoses for CAD patients after PCI. The categorization of patients with a decreased CALLY index could provide valuable evidence for the risk stratification of adverse outcomes in CAD patients after PCI. Clinical Trial Registration: The details are available at http://www.chictr.org.cn (Identifier: NCT05174143).

The volume of brisk walking is the key determinant of BMD improvement in premenopausal women.

SUMMARY: Osteoporosis is an increasing health problem in postmenopausal women. Our findings indicated that long-term brisk walking with a volume greater than 16 per week is effective for improving BMD in premenopausal women. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of brisk walking on bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women, and further determine the effective frequency, intensity, time and volume (frequency x duration) of brisk walking for training strategy prescription. METHODS: 222 healthy premenopausal women were recruited for BMD measurement. According to the survey of their physical activity level, 84 subjects (age: 46±1.8) whose physical activity index ≥40 were categorized into the brisk walking group, and 138 subjects (age: 47±2.2) whose physical activity index <40 were assigned to the sedentary group. The BMD of these two groups were statistically compared with an independent t test. Next, 35 subjects from the original sedentary group were recruited for BMD measurement after 2-year moderate brisk walking. According to the volume of physical activity per week, they were divided into the control group (n = 10, aged 49±0.9), volume 8 group (n = 4, aged 48±1.2), volume 12 group (n = 7, aged 49±1.4), volume 16 group (n = 8, aged 49±1.3), and volume 20 group (n = 6, aged 49±1.5). ANOVA was used to analyze BMD before and after brisk walking among the five groups. RESULTS: The BMD in the brisk walking group (1.00±0.008 g/cm2) was significantly higher than that in the sedentary group (0.89±0.008 g/cm2) (P<0.001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the volume of brisk walking was significantly correlated with BMD (P<0.001). In particular, brisk walking with a volume greater than 16 (a score of duration up to 4 and a score of frequency up to 4 or 5) per week is effective for improving BMD in premenopausal women (P = 0.03, P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term brisk walking is an efficient way to improve BMD. Taking brisk walks for 30 minutes per day 3 or more times per week (volume>16) is recommended to prevent bone loss in premenopausal women.

The Value-Added Contribution of Exercise Commitment to College Students' Exercise Behavior: Application of Extended Model of Theory of Planned Behavior.

The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of the planned behavior theory model (TPB-5) and TPB-6 model of enhanced physical exercise in college students, and to explore the role of exercise commitment in the relationship between exercise intention and behavior, so as to provide theoretical and empirical support for college students to promotion exercise. The study participants were 581 college students (male = 243, female = 338, age = 19.27 ± 0.94) are investigated with Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Scale, Exercise Commitment Scale, and Physical Activity Rating Scale. Results showed that the explanatory power of the TPB to exercise intention and exercise behavior is 0.70 and 0.52, respectively, and exercise intention was the primary factor to predict exercise behavior of college students. The Model fit of TPB-6 model is acceptable, compared with TPB 5-factor model, the predictive power of TPB-6 (with the mediator: exercise commitment) on behavioral intention increases from 70.0 to 75.0%, and the predictive power towards behavior raises from 52.0 to 59.0%. Exercise commitment has a partial mediating effect between exercise intention and behavior, which accounts for 26.89% of the total effect, but it has no moderating effect. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the TPB-5 model has good applicability among the college students, with exercise commitment variables, exercise intention can better predict college students' exercise behavior, which can be used as the theoretical basis for the intervention on their exercise behavior.