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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of high-frequency ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) in quantitative differential diagnosis of high-risk and low-risk basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). METHODS: A total of 52 BCCs confirmed by surgical pathology were studied. Taking pathologic subtypes as reference, all the cases were classified as high-risk BCCs or low-risk BCCs. High-frequency ultrasound parameters and SWE parameters recorded preoperatively were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of two groups were compared. RESULTS: There were 12 high-risk BCCs and 40 low-risk BCCs. The maximum infiltration depth (MID) and average Young's modulus (Eave ) of high-risk BCCs were 5.76 ± 2.56 mm and 31.61 ± 12.36 kPa, whereas of low-risk BCCs were 4.29 ± 1.77 mm and 20.04 ± 4.74 kPa, respectively, P < .05. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of MID and Eave were 0.714 and 0.811, P > .05. Taking 5.5 mm of MID and 24.45 kPa of Eave as the threshold for the diagnosis of high-risk BCCs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 58.3%, 82.5%, 76.9% and 75.0%, 82.5%, 80.8%, P > .05. CONCLUSIONS: The MID and Eave of the lesion can be used to determine the recurrence risk of BCCs and provide a reference for the development of individualized treatment plans.
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Carcinoma Basocelular , Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Módulo de Elasticidad , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for gastric and duodenal ulcers. H. pylori uses the unusual mqn pathway with aminofutalosine (AFL) as an intermediate for menaquinone biosynthesis. Previous reports indicate that hydrolysis of AFL by 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (HpMTAN) is the direct path for producing downstream metabolites in the mqn pathway. However, genomic analysis indicates jhp0252 is a candidate for encoding AFL deaminase (AFLDA), an activity for deaminating aminofutolasine. The product, futalosine, is not a known substrate for bacterial MTANs. Recombinant jhp0252 was expressed and characterized as an AFL deaminase (HpAFLDA). Its catalytic specificity includes AFL, 5'-methylthioadenosine, 5'-deoxyadenosine, adenosine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine. The kcat/Km value for AFL is 6.8 × 104 M-1 s-1, 26-fold greater than that for adenosine. 5'-Methylthiocoformycin (MTCF) is a slow-onset inhibitor for HpAFLDA and demonstrated inhibitory effects on H. pylori growth. Supplementation with futalosine partially restored H. pylori growth under MTCF treatment, suggesting AFL deamination is significant for cell growth. The crystal structures of apo-HpAFLDA and with MTCF at the catalytic sites show a catalytic site Zn2+ or Fe2+ as the water-activating group. With bound MTCF, the metal ion is 2.0 Å from the sp3 hydroxyl group of the transition state analogue. Metabolomics analysis revealed that HpAFLDA has intracellular activity and is inhibited by MTCF. The mqn pathway in H. pylori bifurcates at aminofutalosine with HpMTAN producing adenine and depurinated futalosine and HpAFLDA producing futalosine. Inhibition of cellular HpMTAN or HpAFLDA decreased the cellular content of menaquinone-6, supporting roles for both enzymes in the pathway.
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Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Nucleósidos/metabolismo , Vitamina K 2/metabolismo , Dominio Catalítico , Cristalografía por Rayos X/métodos , Desoxiadenosinas , Helicobacter pylori/química , Helicobacter pylori/enzimología , Modelos Moleculares , N-Glicosil Hidrolasas/química , N-Glicosil Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Nucleósidos/química , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa/química , Especificidad por Sustrato , Tionucleósidos , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Liver X receptor ß (LXRß), a nuclear receptor involved in important cellular processes such as cholesterol, glucose and fatty acid metabolism, was suggested to be involved in platelet aggregation but its detailed roles are not clear. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of LXRß to platelet functions and production. In the systemic collagen-epinephrine thrombosis mouse model, LXRß-deficient mice showed increased area of blood clots compared with control wide-type littermates. The aggregation of LXRß-deficient platelets in response to ADP was stronger than that of control mice platelets. More importantly, the number of platelets in blood of LXRß-deficient mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice, especially for female mice. Knockdown of LXRß expression in human megakaryoblastic Dami cells also enhanced cell polyploidization, formation of proplatelets and production of platelet-like particles. Increase in expression levels of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation such as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 (Ndufv1) was observed in LXRß-knockdown Dami cells. The levels of Ndufv1 in LXRß-deficient mice platelets were also higher than that of wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings suggested LXRß might participate in control of platelet production from megakaryocytes by regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
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Plaquetas/citología , Receptores X del Hígado/metabolismo , Megacariocitos/citología , Animales , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Receptores X del Hígado/genética , Masculino , Megacariocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Agregación Plaquetaria , Recuento de PlaquetasRESUMEN
Antibiotic resistance continues to spread at an alarming rate, outpacing the introduction of new therapeutics and threatening to globally undermine health care. There is a crucial need for new strategies that selectively target specific pathogens while leaving the majority of the microbiome untouched, thus averting the debilitating and sometimes fatal occurrences of opportunistic infections. To address these challenges, we have adopted a unique strategy that focuses on oxygen-sensitive proteins, an untapped set of therapeutic targets. MqnE is a member of the radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (RS) superfamily, all of which rely on an oxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster for catalytic activity. MqnE catalyzes the conversion of didehydrochorismate to aminofutalosine in the essential menaquinone biosynthetic pathway present in a limited set of species, including the gut pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp), making it an attractive target for narrow-spectrum antibiotic development. Indeed, we show that MqnE is inhibited by the mechanism-derived 2-fluoro analogue of didehydrochorismate (2F-DHC) due to accumulation of a radical intermediate under turnover conditions. Structures of MqnE in the apo and product-bound states afford insight into its catalytic mechanism, and electron paramagnetic resonance approaches provide direct spectroscopic evidence consistent with the predicted structure of the radical intermediate. In addition, we demonstrate the essentiality of the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway and unambiguously validate 2F-DHC as a selective inhibitor of Hp growth that exclusively targets MqnE. These data provide the foundation for designing effective Hp therapies and demonstrate proof of principle that radical SAM proteins can be effectively leveraged as therapeutic targets.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Vías Biosintéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Radicales Libres/química , Helicobacter pylori/crecimiento & desarrollo , S-Adenosilmetionina/metabolismo , Vitamina K 2/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Catálisis , Espectroscopía de Resonancia por Spin del Electrón/métodos , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Helicobacter pylori/enzimología , Estructura Molecular , Nucleósidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the effects of bisphosphonate on the remodeling of irregular bones (the jaw and ilium) in mice after trauma. METHODS: To verify the feasibility of modeling osteonecrosis, 20 mice were injected intraperitoneally with zoledronate and dexamethasone (ZOL&DEX group), dexamethasone (DEX group), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) [control (CTR) group]. Mice then underwent extraction of the right maxillary first molar and creation of an artificial bony cavity in the ilium. Bone sections were stained with H&E for morphological studies. To further compare differences between the maxilla and the ilium caused by similar traumas, 80 mice were injected intraperitoneally with ZOL&DEX or PBS. Pathological progression at the injury sites was assessed at 1 day and at 1, 3, and 8 weeks after trauma using micro-computed tomography (CT), H&E and immunohistochemistry analyses, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Only the ZOL&DEX model group effectively developed osteonecrosis. Bony sequestra, osseous sclerosis, unhealed mucosa, and radiopaque alveolar bone were found in the maxilla. In the ilium, there was a lower frequency of osteonecrotic disease and osseous sclerosis, and less suppression of bone remodeling than in the maxilla following long-term bisphosphonate administration. Zoledronate levels were higher in the maxilla. ZOL&DEX treatment suppressed the levels of RANKL and IL-17, but induced an upregulation of osteoprotegerin and FAM20C in both bones. CONCLUSION: Accumulation of bisphosphonate may increase the incidence of osteonecrosis. The RANKL/OPG pathway and IL-17 and FAM20C cytokines play key roles in the progression of pathologically abnormal bone remodeling.
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Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/patología , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Remodelación Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Dexametasona/farmacología , Difosfonatos/farmacología , Imidazoles/farmacología , Animales , Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/etiología , Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Femenino , Ilion/efectos de los fármacos , Ilion/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Maxilares/efectos de los fármacos , Maxilares/patología , Maxilar/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Ácido ZoledrónicoRESUMEN
Totally 96 elderly patients with spleen-kidney Yang deficiency type hypertension were selected in this study. Patients were randomly divided into study and control group. It was treated with the Jingui Shenqi pill combined nifedipine sustained-release tablets in the study group and only nifedipine sustained-release tablets for the control group. Meanwhile, the clinical features including reducing blood pressure, blood lipid and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of the two groups were observed pre and post treatment. Finally, the results showed that it could significantly reduce the hypertensive, hyperlipidemia and TCM syndromes in the study group compared with the control group (P < 0.05), which indicated that the combination of the Jingui Shenqi pill with nifedipine sustained-release tablets was effective for the patients with hypertension with spleen-kidney Yang deficiency type, especially for decreasing TCM syndromes and the blood lipid.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional China , Nifedipino/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades del Bazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Deficiencia Yang/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Percutaneous cryoablation is a potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After liver cryosurgery, rapid elevations of transaminases and bilirubin are common, but are usually transient and normalize within a few days. This study retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 51 patients who underwent liver cryoablation in our hospital during the past 4.5 years. Sixty-six percutaneous cryoablations were performed in these patients and transaminase and bilirubin levels before and after the procedure were observed. Although most patients received liver-protective treatment before cryosurgery, transaminase levels were double (mean alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were 71 U/L and 85 U/L, respectively) the normal ranges in our hospital. One day after cryosurgery, ALT and AST had increased 3.3-fold (peak mean was 241 U/L) and 5-fold (peak mean was 427 U/L), respectively, but were close to the preoperative level 5 days post-cryosurgery. No significant increase of serum bilirubin was observed. Serum transaminase and bilirubin levels were compared between hepatitis B positive and hepatitis B negative patients. Only in the hepatitis B positive group were total bilirubin (74 µmol/L/23 µmol/L=3.2) and direct bilirubin (45 µmol/L/12 µmol/L=3.8) more than 3 times the preoperative level 7-9 days after treatment. Overall, ALT and AST are valuable as indicators of liver function impairment following cryosurgery. In patients with hepatitis B virus, serum bilirubin was 3 times the preoperative level 7-9 days after cryosurgery. Liver-protective treatment may alleviate liver function impairment due to cryosurgery.
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Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Bilirrubina/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Criocirugía/métodos , Crioterapia/métodos , Femenino , Hepatitis B/sangre , Humanos , Hígado/patología , Hígado/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Esophageal cancer is common in China. There is a lack of treatment strategies for metastatic esophageal cancer (MEC) after radical surgery on the primary tumor. Cryoablation is an attractive option because tumor necrosis can be safely induced in a minimally invasive manner. This study assessed its therapeutic effect in MEC after failure of radical surgery. One hundred and forty patients met the inclusion criteria from May, 2003 to March, 2011. Comprehensive cryotherapy of multiple metastases was performed on 105 patients; 35 received chemotherapy. No severe complications occurred during or after cryoablation. Overall survival (OS) was assessed according to therapeutic protocol, pathologic type, treatment timing and number of procedures. The OS of patients who received comprehensive cryoablation (44 ± 20 months) was significantly longer than that of those who underwent chemotherapy (23 ± 24 months; P = 0.0006). In the cryotherapy group, the OS for squamous cell carcinoma (45 ± 19 months) was longer than that for adenocarcinoma (33 ± 18 months; P = 0.0435); the OS for timely cryoablation (46 ± 19 months) was longer than that for delayed cryoablation (33 ± 20 months; P = 0.0193); the OS for multiple cryoablation (50 ± 17 months) was longer than that for single cryoablation (37 ± 20 months; P = 0.0172); and the OS for cryo-immunotherapy (56 ± 17 months) was longer than that for cryoablation alone (39 ± 19 months; P = 0.0011). Thus, comprehensive cryotherapy may have advantages over chemotherapy in the treatment of MEC and, in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, supplementary immunotherapy and timely and multiple cryoablation may be associated with a better prognosis.
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Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Criocirugía/métodos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Criocirugía/efectos adversos , Crioterapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esófago/patología , Esófago/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Masculino , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Currently there are no effective therapies for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we conducted a retrospective study of 161 patients to evaluate the therapeutic effects of combining cryosurgery, chemotherapy and dendritic cell-activated cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) immunotherapy. The overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of metastatic NSCLC to patient death was assessed during a 5-years follow-up period. OS of patients who received comprehensive cryotherapy was (median OS, 20 months; n = 86) significantly longer than that of patients who did not received cryotherapy (median OS, 10 months; n = 75; P < 0.0001). Five treatment combinations were selected: chemotherapy (n = 44); chemo-immunotherapy (n = 31); cryo-chemotherapy (n = 32); cryo-immunotherapy (n = 21); and cryo-chemo-immunotherapy (n = 33). A combination of cryotherapy with either chemotherapy or immunotherapy lead to significantly longer OS (18 months and 17 months, respectively) compared to chemotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy (8.5 months and 12 months, respectively; P < 0.001); however, the median OS of patients who underwent cryo-chemo-immunotherapy was significantly longer (27 months) compared to the other treatment programs (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a combination of cryotherapy, chemotherapy and DC-CIK immunotherapy proved the best treatment option for metastatic NSCLC in this group of patients.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Criocirugía , Células Asesinas Inducidas por Citocinas/trasplante , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Criocirugía/métodos , Células Asesinas Inducidas por Citocinas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Quimioterapia/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori is found in the gut lining of more than half of the world's population, causes gastric ulcers, and contributes to stomach cancers. Menaquinone synthesis in H. pylori relies on the rare futalosine pathway, where H. pylori 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (MTAN) is proposed to play an essential role. Transition state analogues of MTAN, including BuT-DADMe-ImmA (BTDIA) and MeT-DADMe-ImmA (MTDIA), exhibit bacteriostatic action against numerous diverse clinical isolates of H. pylori with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of <2 ng/mL. Three H. pylori BTDIA-resistant clones were selected under increasing BTDIA pressure. Whole genome sequencing showed no mutations in MTAN. Instead, resistant clones had mutations in metK, methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), feoA, a regulator of the iron transport system, and flhF, a flagellar synthesis regulator. The mutation in metK causes expression of a MAT with increased catalytic activity, leading to elevated cellular S-adenosylmethionine. Metabolite analysis and the mutations associated with resistance suggest multiple inputs associated with BTDIA resistance. Human gut microbiome exposed to MTDIA revealed no growth inhibition under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Transition state analogues of H. pylori MTAN have potential as agents for treating H. pylori infection without disruption of the human gut microbiome or inducing resistance in the MTAN target.
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Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa , N-Glicosil HidrolasasRESUMEN
A mouse model of human Familial Adenomatous Polyposis responds favorably to pharmacological inhibition of 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). Methylthio-DADMe-Immucillin-A (MTDIA) is an orally available, transition state analogue inhibitor of MTAP. 5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA), the substrate for MTAP, is formed in polyamine synthesis and is recycled by MTAP to S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) via salvage pathways. MTDIA treatment causes accumulation of MTA, which inhibits growth of human head and neck (FaDu) and lung (H359, A549) cancers in immunocompromised mouse models. We investigated the efficacy of oral MTDIA as an anti-cancer therapeutic for intestinal adenomas in immunocompetent APCMin/+ mice, a murine model of human Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Tumors in APCMin/+ mice were decreased in size by MTDIA treatment, resulting in markedly improved anemia and doubling of mouse lifespan. Metabolomic analysis of treated mice showed no changes in polyamine, methionine, SAM or ATP levels when compared with control mice but indicated an increase in MTA, the MTAP substrate. Generation of an MTDIA-resistant cell line in culture showed a four-fold amplification of the methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT2A) locus and expression of this enzyme. MAT2A is downstream of MTAP action and catalyzes synthesis of the SAM necessary for methylation reactions. Immunohistochemical analysis of treated mouse intestinal tissue demonstrated a decrease in symmetric dimethylarginine, a PRMT5-catalyzed modification. The anti-cancer effects of MTDIA indicate that increased cellular MTA inhibits PRMT5-mediated methylations resulting in attenuated tumor growth. Oral dosing of MTDIA as monotherapy has potential for delaying the onset and progression of colorectal cancers in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) as well as residual duodenal tumors in FAP patients following colectomy. MTDIA causes a physiologic inactivation of MTAP and may also have efficacy in combination with inhibitors of MAT2A or PRMT5, known synthetic-lethal interactions in MTAP-/- cancer cell lines.
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Genes APC , Longevidad/genética , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa/metabolismo , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/farmacología , Adenina/uso terapéutico , Adenina/toxicidad , Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/enzimología , Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/genética , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Metabolómica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa/genética , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Pirrolidinas/toxicidad , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Aminofutalosine synthase (MqnE) catalyzes an important rearrangement reaction in menaquinone biosynthesis by the futalosine pathway. In this Letter, we report the identification of previously unreported inhibitors of MqnE using a mechanism-guided approach. The best inhibitor shows efficient inhibitory activity against H. pylori (IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.4 µM) and identifies MqnE as a promising target for antibiotic development.
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BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the mechanism remains elusive. We aimed to analyze the expression and clinical pathological significance of provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (Pim1) in clinical NPC, and to elucidate the effect of LMP1 on Pim1 expression and its mechanism. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of Pim1 in clinical NPC tissues and control nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation (NPI) tissues, and the correlation between Pim1 and clinical parameters of NPC patients was analyzed. The LMP1 stable expression cell line CNE1-LMP1-OV was constructed through infecting the well-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE1 with LMP1 overexpressing lentivirus. Then the in vivo experiments were conducted. RESULTS: Among 89 NPC patients, 48 cases (53.93%) were positive for Pim1, while only one case was Pim1 positive in 15 NPI controls (6.67%). Pim1 expression was not correlated with gender, age, smoking status and clinical classification of NPC patients, but positively correlated with T, N and M classification. CNE1-LMP1-OV cell line was successfully established, which displayed a higher cell proliferation ability and Pim1 expression. NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, PKC inhibitor GF109203X and STAT3 inhibitor Stattic significantly attenuated LMP1-induced Pim1 expression, and while AP-1 inhibitor SR11302 showed no inhibitory effect. Interestingly, Pim1 inhibitor quercetagetin significantly inhibited the proliferation of CNE1-LMP1-OV cells. CONCLUSION: LMP1 mediates Pim1 expression through NF-κB, PKC and STAT3 signaling, which promotes the proliferation of NPC cells and participate in the clinical progression of NPC.
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Aim: Combined use of herbal medicines in patients underwent dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) might cause bleeding or thrombosis because herbal medicines with anti-platelet activities may exhibit interactions with DAPT. In this study, we tried to use a feedback system control (FSC) optimization technique to optimize dose strategy and clarify possible interactions in combined use of DAPT and herbal medicines. Methods: Herbal medicines with reported anti-platelet activities were selected by searching related references in Pubmed. Experimental anti-platelet activities of representative compounds originated from these herbal medicines were investigated using in vitro assay, namely ADP-induced aggregation of rat platelet-rich-plasma. FSC scheme hybridized artificial intelligence calculation and bench experiments to iteratively optimize 4-drug combination and 2-drug combination from these drug candidates. Results: Totally 68 herbal medicines were reported to have anti-platelet activities. In the present study, 7 representative compounds from these herbal medicines were selected to study combinatorial drug optimization together with DAPT, i.e., aspirin and ticagrelor. FSC technique first down-selected 9 drug candidates to the most significant 5 drugs. Then, FSC further secured 4 drugs in the optimal combination, including aspirin, ticagrelor, ferulic acid from DangGui, and forskolin from MaoHouQiaoRuiHua. Finally, FSC quantitatively estimated the possible interactions between aspirin:ticagrelor, aspirin:ferulic acid, ticagrelor:forskolin, and ferulic acid:forskolin. The estimation was further verified by experimentally determined Combination Index (CI) values. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggested that FSC optimization technique could be used in optimization of anti-platelet drug combinations and might be helpful in designing personal anti-platelet therapy strategy. Furthermore, FSC analysis could also identify interactions between different drugs which might provide useful information for research of signal cascades in platelet.
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Motion estimation methods can be broadly classified as being spatiotemporal or frequency domain in nature. The Gabor representation is an analysis framework providing localized frequency information. When applied to image sequences, the 3-D Gabor representation displays spatiotemporal/spatiotemporal-frequency (st/stf) information, enabling the application of robust frequency domain methods with adjustable spatiotemporal resolution. In this work, the 3-D Gabor representation is applied to motion analysis. We demonstrate that piecewise uniform translational motion can be estimated by using a uniform translation motion model in the st/stf domain. The resulting motion estimation method exhibits both good spatiotemporal resolution and substantial noise resistance compared to existing spatiotemporal methods. To form the basis of this model, we derive the signature of the translational motion in the 3-D Gabor domain. Finally, to obtain higher spatiotemporal resolution for more complex motions, a dense motion field estimation method is developed to find a motion estimate for every pixel in the sequence.
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Algoritmos , Inteligencia Artificial , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Movimiento (Física) , Reconocimiento de Normas Patrones Automatizadas/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Up to 70% of patients with late-stage breast cancer have bone metastasis. Current treatment regimens for breast cancer bone metastasis are palliative with no therapeutic cure. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) colonize inside the osteogenic niches in the early stage of bone metastasis. Drug delivery into osteogenic niches to inhibit DTC colonization can prevent bone metastasis from entering its late stage and therefore cure bone metastasis. Here, we constructed a 50% DSS6 peptide conjugated nanoparticle to target the osteogenic niche. The osteogenic niche was always located at the endosteum with immature hydroxyapatite. Arsenic-manganese nanocrystals (around 14 nm) were loaded in osteogenic niche-targeted PEG-PLGA nanoparticles with an acidic environment-triggered arsenic release. Arsenic formulations greatly reduced 4T1 cell adhesion to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/preosteoblasts (pre-OBs) and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cells. Arsenic formulations also prevented tumor cell colonization and dormancy via altering the direct interaction between 4T1 cells and MSCs/pre-OBs. The chemotactic migration of 4T1 cells toward osteogenic cells was blocked by arsenic in mimic 3D osteogenic niche. Systemic administration of osteogenic niche-targeted arsenic nanoparticles significantly extended the survival of mice with 4T1 syngeneic bone metastasis. Our findings provide an effective approach for osteogenic niche-specific drug delivery and suggest that bone metastasis can be effectively inhibited by blockage of tumor cell colonization in the bone microenvironment.
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A rhizosphere-based method was compared with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for the evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil to barley. The extractable amounts of Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd analyzed by the rhizosphere-based method correlated significantly with the metal content of barley roots. The extractable metals identified by DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2 and NaNO3 methods exhibited relatively poor or no correlation with the metal content of barley roots. The stepwise multiple regression equation of the rhizosphere-based method was the simplest one, as no soil properties needed to be entered, whereas the equations for the DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2 and NaNO3 extraction methods always require those variables. The most distinct feature of the rhizosphere-based method was that the proposed method was suitable for acidic, neutral and near alkaline soils. In contrast, the other extraction methods were restricted to soil types. In summary, the rhizosphere-based method is the most robust approach for evaluation of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley.
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Hordeum/química , Metales/análisis , Raíces de Plantas/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cloruro de Calcio , Quelantes , Ácido Edético , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Ácido Pentético , Análisis de Regresión , Nitrito de SodioRESUMEN
There is no method recognized as a universal approach for evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Based on the simulation of the rhizosphere soil conditions and integration of the combined effects of root-soil interactions as a whole, a rhizosphere-based method has been proposed. Wet fresh rhizosphere soil was extracted by low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) to fractionate metal fractions of soil pools, which were then correlated with the metal contents of wheat roots and shoots. The rhizosphere-based method was compared with other one-step extraction methods using DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 as extractants and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method. Simple correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for the comparison. Simple correlation indicated that the extractable Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd of soils by the rhizosphere-based method were significantly correlated with the metal contents of wheat roots. For DTPA, BCR1 and EDTA methods there was a relatively poor correlation between the extractable Cu, Zn and Cd of soil and metal contents of wheat roots. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the equation of the rhizosphere-based method was the simplest one, and no soil properties variables needed to be added. In contrast, the equations of other one-step extraction methods were more complicated, and soil properties variables needed to be entered. The most distinct feature of the rhizosphere-based method was that the recommended method was suitable for acidic, neutral and near alkaline soils. However, the DTPA and EDTA extraction methods were suitable for calcareous soils only-or-only for acidic soils. The CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods were only suitable for exchangeable metals. In short, the rhizosphere-based method was the most robust approach for evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soils to wheat.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Metales Pesados/farmacocinética , Suelo/análisis , Triticum/metabolismo , Disponibilidad Biológica , China , Raíces de Plantas/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the correlation between standardized uptake value (SUV) measured on 18F-FDG PET/CT scan and residual tumor after argon-helium knife cryoablation.Methods The clinical data of 40 patients with hepatic or pulmonary malignant tumors,who were treated with argon-helium knife cryoablation during the period from March 2008 to December 2015 at authors' hospital,were collected.18FFDG PET/CT scan was performed both before and after the treatment,and the SUV values of each patient were calculated.The data were analyzed based on the pathological findings and clinical follow-up results.Results A total of 42 lesions were detected in the 40 patients.After treatment,radionuclide concentration was demonstrated in 38 lesions,and 16 lesions were proved to be the tumor residual by follow-up imaging and pathological examination.In other 22 lesions the radionuclide concentration was due to inflammatory response.The SUV value of the tumor residual was strikingly higher than that of the inflammatory response (6.13±1.21 vs.2.64±0.96,P<0.05).The group with low SUV value had a lower recurrence rate (P=0.020) and a higher survival rate (P=0.039).The tumor survival rate of the low SUV value group was significantly lower than that of the group with high SUV value (x2=14.994,P=0.000 2).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging has unique value in promptly detecting marginal residual lesion after argon-helium knife cryoablation,which provides useful information for the evaluation of cryoablation effect as well as for the making of further therapeutic plan.