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BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be associated with significant morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Postoperative infections account for a high burden of these complications. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels for overall infectious complications and anastomotic leaks. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective study of patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal metastases between 2018 and 2020 at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital in Montreal, QC, Canada. CRP levels were measured daily for 10 days following surgery. A comparison was made between patients with infectious complications and those without. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were included. Thirty patients had infectious complications (30.3%) and four patients presented an anastomotic leak (4%). CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with infectious complications from postoperative days (PODs) 2-10. Daily cut-off values most accurately predicted infectious complications on day 8 (94.3 mg/L; area under the curve [AUC] 0.85, sensitivity [SE] 76.2%, specificity [SP] 94.7%, positive predictive value [PPV] 88.9%, negative predictive value [NPV] 87.8%; p < 0.0001) and day 9 (72.7 mg/L; AUC 0.89, SE 95.2%, SP 81.8%, PPV 76.9%, NPV 96.4%; p < 0.0001). Patients with infectious complications had longer operative time, higher peritoneal cancer index, and a higher number of intestinal anastomoses, while their baseline characteristics were comparable. CONCLUSION: Measurement of CRP helps predict infectious complications following CRS and HIPEC, particularly on PODs 8 and 9. Cut-off values are more accurate after the first postoperative week, especially in ruling out infectious complications.
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BACKGROUND: Cytokine-release reactions (CRR) induced by platinum-based chemotherapy, manifesting with fever, chills, and rigors, are poorly understood and not easily prevented by usual premedication or desensitization. OBJECTIVE: To gain a better understanding of platinum-induced CRR and to explore the use of anakinra as a tool to prevent its clinical manifestations. METHODS: A cytokine and chemokine panel was obtained before and after platinum infusion in 3 cases with a mixed (immunoglobulin E-mediated and CRR) platinum-induced hypersensitivity reaction and in 5 controls either tolerant or with an immunoglobulin E-mediated platinum-induced hypersensitivity reaction. Anakinra was given as premedication in the 3 CRR cases. RESULTS: Cytokine-release reaction was associated with a marked release of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-É in all cases whereas only IL-2 and IL-10 increased in some controls after platinum infusion, and to a lesser extent than in cases. Anakinra seemed to block CRR symptoms in 2 cases. In the third case, who initially had CRR symptoms despite anakinra, tolerance to oxaliplatin appeared to develop after repeated re-exposures, as suggested by the decreasing levels of cytokines after oxaliplatin, except IL-10, and the capacity to progressively shorten the desensitization protocol and taper the premedication, in addition to the negativization of the oxaliplatin skin test result. CONCLUSION: In patients with platinum-induced CRR, anakinra could be a useful premedication to block its clinical manifestations, and monitoring of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-É could help predict tolerance development, thereby allowing safe adjustments to the desensitization protocol and premedication.
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Antineoplásicos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas , Hipersensibilidad , Humanos , Oxaliplatino/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/uso terapéutico , Platino (Metal)/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-2/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-6 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Interleucina-5 , Compuestos Organoplatinos/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocinas , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoglobulina ERESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is rare. There are very few cases reported on the management of severe forms. CASE: We report the case of a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IIIC high-grade serous ovarian cancer and a severe form of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis requiring mechanical ventilation. She had significant comorbidities further adding to the complexity of the chemotherapy regimen. Intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids were also administered. The dermatomyositis remained poorly controlled, and the patient was ultimately referred to palliative care. CONCLUSION: The necessity to treat the underlying neoplasia creates a fine balance between the aggressive treatments required and the clinical state of the patient. Multidisciplinary collaboration is warranted to offer best management.
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Dermatomiositis , Neoplasias Ováricas , Síndromes Paraneoplásicos , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico , Dermatomiositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/terapia , Síndromes Paraneoplásicos/diagnóstico , Síndromes Paraneoplásicos/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndromes Paraneoplásicos/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To review short- and long-term complications associated with intraoperative rupture of benign ovarian cysts. DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, BIOSIS, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms and their combinations: "spillage," "rupture," "leakage," "ovarian cyst," "teratoma," "dermoid," "operative," "surgery," "outcome." METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled and observational studies evaluating the operative outcomes of surgical treatment of ovarian cysts with intraoperative spillage compared with those of surgical treatment of ovarian cysts without spillage were included. A systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: A total of 28 studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 12 in the quantitative analysis. Ovarian cyst diameter was not found to be associated with the risk for spillage (relative risk [RR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.33 to 1.82). Intraoperative benign ovarian cyst rupture was not associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes such as reoperation (RR 1.16; 95% CI, 0.39-3.48), infertility (RR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.15-3.63), transient fever (RR 3.22; 95% CI, 0.83-12.51), and readmission (RR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.33-2.98). However, intraoperative spillage was found to be associated with increased risk for benign recurrence (RR 3.1; 95% CI, 1.05-9.14). A subgroup analysis of the studies that included only dermoid cysts showed an association between intraoperative cyst rupture and postoperative chemical peritonitis (RR 9.36; 95% CI, 1.20-73.28). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative ovarian cyst spillage of a benign cyst is associated with limited adverse clinical outcomes. Although the surgical approach (minimally invasive vs open) should not be affected by the concern regarding an intraoperative cyst rupture, maximal efforts should be made to prevent intra-abdominal spillage.
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Laparoscopía , Quistes Ováricos , Peritonitis , Teratoma , Femenino , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Quistes Ováricos/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Teratoma/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer presenting with peritoneal metastases carries a poor prognosis. The addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to the surgical management of these patients has been studied in recent years, but only with cisplatin. CASES: This is a series of 3 patients presenting with endometrial cancer and synchronous peritoneal metastases who underwent cytoreductive surgery and carboplatin HIPEC as primary treatment. Complete cytoreductive surgery was achieved for each patient. No grade 3-5 complications were observed. Two patients died at 12 and 18 months, respectively, and 1 patient was alive with disease at 29 months. CONCLUSION: This case series suggests that the addition of carboplatin HIPEC to the surgical management of peritoneal metastases from endometrial cancer is safe as primary treatment. However, long-term survival remains poor.
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Carboplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Endometriales/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Neoplasias Peritoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Peritoneales/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the vagina is a rare variant that can easily be misdiagnosed considering the much higher frequency of epithelial neoplasms at that particular site. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report the case of a 41-year-old gravida 2, para 1, aborta 1, with no prior history of irradiation, who consulted after the discovery of 3 lesions at the lower right portion of the vagina. RESULT: The lesion consisted of epithelioid cells with high-grade nuclei and prominent nucleoli. These cells expressed CD31, CD34, factor VIII, Fli-1, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and WT-1. Keratin 8/18 was focally positive. They were immunonegative for keratin AE1/AE3, keratin 34ßE12, keratin 7, keratin 20, S100, HMB-45, myogenin, desmin, and human herpesvirus type 8. Polymerase chain reaction-based HPV viral search was also negative. CONCLUSIONS: A broad immunohistochemical panel including antibodies against vascular differentiation markers as well as various cytokeratins allows proper diagnosis of this unusual and aggressive entity.
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Hemangiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Neoplasias Vaginales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Vaginales/patología , Adulto , Femenino , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , MicroscopíaRESUMEN
Background: Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). It is used in the management and treatment of various oncologic conditions. To name a few: refractory and advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), renal cell carcinoma and gastric cancer. It is also approved for metastatic mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) endometrial carcinoma after failure of front-line chemotherapy. Lenvatinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptors 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-a, RET, and KIT. The combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab has proven to be more effective together than as monotherapy. Here, we present the case of a patient who probably developed lenvatinib-related esophagitis, a complication not previously described in the literature to our knowledge.Case presentation.We describe a 65 years old female with metastatic endometrial cancer who presented dysphagia after a few months of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab treatment. Upper endoscopy results revealed a very fragile upper esophageal mucosa with mucosal lacerations, consistent with grade 2 esophagitis. The biopsy showed esophagitis with mixed lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammation and apoptotic component. Pembrolizumab was then stopped pending the results of the biopsy, following the recommendations of the gastroenterologist. Dysphagia, however, remained unchanged. In the meantime, the lenvatinib had to be stopped due to a dental procedure, and the patient noted a marked improvement in her symptoms. After discussion with the gastroenterologist, pembrolizumab was resumed and lenvatinib was suspended. The patient was also started on a PPI twice daily since the first digestive exploration. 1 month later, upper endoscopy showed complete recovery, the patient's symptoms improved, and lenvatinib was resumed. However, symptoms of dysphagia resumed a few days later. Lenvatinib was finally resumed at a reduced dose without reappearance in her symptoms. Conclusions: We present a case of oesophagitis as a likely complication of lenvatinib for advanced endometrial cancer. The initiation of PPI and dose reduction of the lenvatinib allowed the patient to successfully go back on treatment.
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Combining interval cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) improves survival in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Although limited, growing evidence regarding carboplatin-based HIPEC highlights its potential. This retrospective study included all patients with advanced primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer who underwent interval CRS combined with carboplatin-based HIPEC at our Canadian tertiary care center between 2014 and 2020. We identified 40 patients with a median age of 61 years. The median peritoneal cancer index was 13 and complete cytoreduction was achieved in 38 patients (95%). Median hospital stay was 13 days and there were four admissions to the intensive care unit (10%) and six readmissions (15%). Severe adverse events occurred in eight patients (20%) and there was no perioperative death. Recurrence was seen in 33 patients (82%) with a median DFS of 18.0 months and a median overall survival of 36.4 months. Multivariate analyses showed that age, peritoneal cancer index, completeness of cytoreduction, occurrence of severe complications, and bowel resection did not significantly impact DFS or OS in our cohort. Interval CRS combined with carboplatin-based HIPEC for advanced primary EOC is associated with acceptable morbidity and oncological outcomes. Larger studies are required to determine the long-term outcomes.
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Hipertermia Inducida , Neoplasias Ováricas , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carboplatino/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Terapia Combinada , Estudios Retrospectivos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Peritoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneales/cirugía , Canadá , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is a treatment option for peritoneal metastases (PM) but is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of computed tomographic (CT)-measured sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes and survival in patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC for PM from various origins. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2012 and 2020. Three-hundred and twelve patients (mean age 57.6 ± 10.3, 34.3% male) were included, of which 88 (28.2%) were sarcopenic. PM from a colorectal origin was the most common in both groups. The proportion of major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) was not higher in the sarcopenic group (15.9% in sarcopenic patients vs. 23.2% in nonsarcopenic patients, p = 0.17). The mean Comprehensive Complication Index scores, HIPEC-related toxicities, length of hospital stay, and duration of parenteral nutrition were comparable regardless of sarcopenia status. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis of severe complications, only peritoneal carcinomatosis index reached statistical significance (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.08, p = 0.007). Sarcopenia did not impact origin-specific overall survival on Cox regression analysis. Sarcopenia was not associated with worse rates of postoperative severe complications or worse survival rates. Future prospective studies are required before considering sarcopenia as part of preoperative risk assessment.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Hipertermia Inducida , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Neoplasias Peritoneales/secundario , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hipertermia Inducida/efectos adversos , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Literature on rectal anastomosis and diverting ileostomy in patients treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is limited. This study assesses the safety of rectal anastomoses during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC, with and without fecal diversion, and its morbidity when performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2012 to January 2020, patients with peritoneal metastases who underwent CRS and HIPEC that required a rectal anastomosis were included in this single-hospital retrospective chart review. RESULTS: 84 patients were included, of which 29 had a diverting loop ileostomy. The rectal anastomotic leak (AL) rate for the series was 8.3%. Factors associated with AL were male gender (p = 0.031) and increased BMI (p < 0.0005). Diverting loop ileostomy was associated with a significant decrease of clinically significant rectal AL (0% vs 12.7%, p = 0.045). However, the 90-day readmission rate was higher in this group (37.9% vs 10.9%, p = 0.003). Stoma reversal surgery was performed for all patients, but 3 patients experienced AL (10.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that creation of a diverting loop ileostomy may be an effective strategy to prevent symptomatic rectal AL following CRS with HIPEC. However, it is also associated with an increased readmission rate and increased risk of AL following reversal surgery.
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Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Fuga Anastomótica/prevención & control , Ileostomía , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Recto/cirugía , Anciano , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Índice de Masa Corporal , Terapia Combinada , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Femenino , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Readmisión del Paciente , Neoplasias Peritoneales/secundario , Factores Protectores , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contingent use of fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing and cervical length (CL) measurement to predict preterm delivery, and to validate the use of phosphorylated IGFBP-1 as a predictor of preterm delivery. METHODS: We recruited 71 women with a clinical diagnosis of preterm labour between 24 and 34 weeks, and tested for the presence of fFN and IGFBP-1 in the cervicovaginal secretions of all women immediately before CL measurement. RESULTS: Among the 66 women with complete outcome, four were excluded from the final analysis as two had assessment for fFN but no CL measurement, and another two had CL measured but no screening for fFN. Among 62 women with complete results, the mean gestational age at recruitment was 29.4 +/- 2.5 weeks. Six women (9.6%) delivered within two weeks of assessment, and 14 (22.5%) delivered before 34 weeks. A positive fFN test resulted in a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 84%, a positive predictive value of 36%, and a negative predictive value of 98% for delivery within two weeks; for CL < 25 mm, these figures were 50%, 52%, 10%, and 91%, respectively, and for a positive IGFBP-1, they were 17%, 93%, 20%, and 91%, respectively. A policy of contingent use of fFN (in which the test was assumed to be positive if CL < or = 15 mm, and fFN was only measured if the CL was between 16 and 30 mm) gave sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 80%, 61%, 17%, and 97%, respectively for delivery within two weeks. Using this contingent use protocol, only one third of women needed fFN screening after CL measurement. CONCLUSION: In this study, IGFBP-1 screening did not predict preterm delivery and fFN screening provided the best predictive capacity. A policy of contingent use of testing for fFN after CL measurement, or contingent use of CL measurement after fFN screening (depending on available resources) is a promising approach to limit use of resources.
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Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Trabajo de Parto Prematuro , Nacimiento Prematuro/diagnóstico , Adulto , Moco del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Fosforilación , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian immature teratoma in children is a rare entity and is associated with a poor prognosis. There are no guidelines on the optimal management of these patients with regard to surgery and systemic treatments. CASE: This is the case of a 16-year-old patient who experienced an early recurrence of immature teratoma with peritoneal dissemination after surgery and systemic chemotherapy failure, and was treated with an aggressive salvage cytoreductive surgery. She was still disease-free 6 months after her second surgery. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Upfront aggressive surgical management with complete cytoreductive surgery is recommended when patients present with disease recurrence and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian immature teratoma. Such cases should be managed in centers with local expertise in the treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies.
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Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Teratoma/patología , Adolescente , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , Teratoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Teratoma/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
â¢Full-thickness diaphragmatic infiltration with pleural effusion in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is challenging.â¢Short-term control of malignant pleural effusion with HITAC for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer seems feasible.â¢Carboplatin is safe when used as HIPEC or HITAC agent for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.