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OBJETIVO: Describir el perfil de multirresistencia (MDR), resistencia extendida (XDR) y panresistencia (PDR) a antibacterianos en aislados de muestras de pacientes de un hospital privado de tercer nivel en el norte de México. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo durante el periodo comprendido de febrero de 2016 a abril de 2019. A partir de 156 muestras clínicas de orina, heridas, sangre, expectoración y otros fluidos se aislaron 166 bacterias; 10 de las muestras incluyeron dos microorganismos. Los microrganismos aislados se clasificaron en MDR, XDR o PDR. RESULTADOS: El 78% de los aislados gramnegativos y el 69% de los aislados grampositivos mostraron MDR, XDR o PDR. Staphylococcus epidermidis fue la bacteria grampositiva con multirresistencia más frecuentemente aislada. Escherichia coli y Klebsiella sp. se encontraron entre los gramnegativos MDR más frecuentes. En dos casos, los aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa procedentes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales mostraron PDR. CONCLUSIÓN: Los servicios de terapia intensiva, cirugía y unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales merecen especial atención por la alta proporción de aislados MDR y la presencia de PDR a causa de P. aeruginosa. OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of multidrug-resistance (MDR), extensively resistance (XDR) and pandrug-resistance (PDR) to antibacterial drugs in isolates from patient samples from a third level private hospital in the North of Mexico. METHOD: A retrospective study was carried out during the period from February 2016 to April 2019. From 156 clinical samples of urine, wounds, blood, expectoration and other fluids, 166 bacteria were isolated; 10 samples included two microorganisms. Isolated microorganisms were classified into MDR, XDR or PDR. RESULTS: 78% of the Gram negative and 69% of the Gram positive isolates showed MDR, XDR or PDR. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated MDR Gram positive bacteria. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were among the most frequent MDR Gram negative. In two cases, the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the neonatal intensive care unit showed PDR. CONCLUSIONS: The intensive care, surgery and neonatal intensive care unit services deserve special attention due to the high proportion of MDR isolates and the presence of PDR due to P. aeruginosa.
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Estudios Retrospectivos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , MéxicoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: During exercise, water loss frequently occurs in the intracellular spaces and there is a decrease in the plasmatic volume, with a blood concentration as a secondary characteristic. Plasmatic volume losses provoke a decrease in the blood flow, which directly affects cardiac function. Physical performance decreases and aerobic capacity deteriorates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, prospective, longitudinal, and comparative study was carried out to evaluate gender influence and the aerobic capacity level upon hydration and the plasmatic volume produced by maximal physical exercise. Twenty four individuals between 18 and 35 years old were included. All participated in aerobic physical exercise and changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasmatic volume, and hydration state were evaluated. RESULTS: Gender showed a significant influence on plasmatic volume but not on the hydration state. The aerobic capacity presented a relationship with plasmatic volume, and the plasmatic volume with the hydration state. Women presented more plasmatic volume loss than men (p < 0.05). Individuals who have adequate aerobic capacity tend to lose less plasmatic volume during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Maximal physical exercise during a short period also leads to important liquid loss; therefore, it is important that people who engage in exercise understand their liquid losses and re-hydrate themselves appropriately before, during, and after exercise.