Pathogenetic and functional characterization of lymphocytes in influenza patients.

The kinetics of acrocentric chromosome associations and chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood and pleural exudate lymphocytes has been studied in 25 influenza patients and 7 exudative pleurisy patients. Lymphocytes without associations and with 2 associated acrocentric chromosomes were activated in the body, since their frequency appeared to be positively correlated with the immunoresponsiveness indices and with clinical symptoms. The number of these lymphocytes in pleural exudate was 2.5 times higher than in the peripheral blood. When comparing the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the patients' lymphocytes to the level of immunity, cytogenetic changes corresponded to the indices of cellular rather than humoral immunity.

Polymorphism of human blood groups and incidence of influenza A/Hong Kong (H3N2).

During three epidemics of influenza A/Hong Kong (H3N2) and experimentally in vaccines, the relation between influenza infection and ABo, Rh and MN blood groups was studied. Examinations of 2760 patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza and 749 persons vaccinated with live influenza vaccine showed that individuals of blood groups O and B were susceptible to influenza 1.67 and 1.20 times more, respectively, than individuals of blood group A. The difference in incidence was most manifested in first attacks and decreased in subsequent epidemics. The increased incidence in individuals of blood groups O and B as compared to those of blood group A was not associated with factors of specific (antibody) and nonspecific (interferon) resistance to influenza but was related to a greater capacity of leukocytes from these individuals to adsorb the virus. No relation between blood groups Ph and MN and incidence of influenza A/Hong Kong (H3N2) was established.

[Cytogenetic study of blood lymphocytes in children revaccinated against smallpox]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe issledovanie limfotsitov krovi detei, revaktsinirovannykh protiv ospy

As the result of primary re-immunization with small-pox vaccine of eight years' old children chromosome aberrations were observed in their peripheral blood lymphocytes, the frequencies being 5.3% and 7.9% on the seventh day and in a month after the reimmunization respectively. Chromosome aberrations were significantly more rare in children with a high level of immunity retained after the preceding immunization as compared to those whose immunity was weakened with time. After the elapse of 6 months following the re-immunization the frequency of chromosome aberrationd did not exceed the initial level. The changes observed in the chromosome apparatus of lymphocytes are not specific for the small-pox vaccine alone, but are the evidence of the disturbance of homeostasis of the microorganism as the result of the effect of an alien antigen.

[Frequency of acrocentric chromosomal associations in children immunized with smallpox vaccine]. / Chastota assotsiatsii akrotsentricheskikh khromosom u detei, immunizirovannykh ospovaktsinnoi

The frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes (AAC) diminished on the 7th day after vaccination in children primary vaccinated, primary revaccinated and secondary revaccinated against smallpox. This decrease reached its maximum by the 30th day and returned to its starting point after 6th months after vaccination. The degree of reduction of the frequency of AAC in every immunized children group correlated with the degree of increasing of antihemagglutinin titre. The relation of the number of group D chromosomes involved in AAC to the number of group G chromosomes varied in various individuals, these variations remaining after immunization. It was supposed that in PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures the degree of reduction of AAC frequency after vaccination against smallpox is a cytochemical marker of proliferation intensity of T-lymphocytes induced for immunopoiesis.

[Cytogenetic characteristics of the vaccination process in children, primarily vaccinated against smallpox]. / Tsitogeneticheskaia kharakteristika vaktsinal'nogo protsessa u detei, pervichno privitykh protiv ospy

An increased rate of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in children between 1 and 21/2 years of age beginning at 4 days after vaccination. The number of aneuploid cells and chromosome aberrations increased for 1 month but were not found 6 months after vaccination. Administration of measles gamma-globulin in a dose of 0.75 ml before vaccination did not influence significantly the frequency of chromosome aberrations. A direct correlation was observed between the height of the immune response and the rate of chromosome aberrations. The observed changes in the chromosomal apparatus are not specific for the effect of vaccinia virus but indicate sterotypic reaction of the macroorganism in response to an alien antigen.

[Cytogenetic and immunological methods of evaluating the infectious and vaccinal processes in exposure to the mumps virus]. / Otsenka tsitogeneticheskimi i immunologicheskimi metodami infektsionnogo i vaktsinal'nogo protsessov pri vozdeistvii virusa parotita.

Chromosomal changes in T-lymphocytes of the peripheral blood reflect their participation in immune responses. In particular, the level of the associative index of acrocentric chromosomes (AIAC) depends upon their proliferative activity in response to antigens and migration in the host. The degree of cytogenetic and serological changes in patients with mumps was higher than in children of the other groups examined. A relationship was found between the level of AIAC in T-lymphocytes and a rise in the antihemagglutinin titres at the expense of changes in the portion of T-lymphocytes with 0 and 2 chromosomes in associations, some of them being activated with mumps virus antigens. The correlation between AIAC and the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction to phytohemagglutinins was variable in different groups of children and absent between AIAC and the amount of serum immunologlobulins. In combination with other immunological methods AIAC in T-lymphocytes of the blood may be used for characterization of the immune response.

[Connection between the group factors of the blood systems ABO, MNSs, and rhesus and peculiarities of the vaccination process in children immunized against smallpox]. / Sviaz' gruppovykh faktorov krovi sistemy ABO, MNSs, i rezus s osobennostiami vaktsinal'nogo protsessa u detei, immunizirovannykh protiv ospy

The ahthors present new data on the character of the vaccine process in children associated with the characteristics of the blood group ABO, MNSs and Rh systems. The greater frequency of occurrence and more manifest reactions were noted in children with blood groups A, B, AB, M and Rho (D) - in comparison with those having blood groups O, Rho (D) +, MN and N. There was a significant prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in the primarily immunized children with blood groups A in comparison with groups O, B and AB. The data obtained pointed to the negative effect of the mimi-rating antigens of the smallpox virus on the immunogenesis in smallpox. Search for methods of releasing the vaccine of these antigens is necessary for reduction of the reactogenic properties and increase of immunogenecity of the smallpox vaccines.

[Complex radionuclide evaluation of the hemodynamic state in varicose veins of the lower extremities]. / Kompleksnaia radionuklidnaia otsenka sostoianiia gemodinamiki u bol'nykh varikoznoi bolezn'iu nizhnikh konechnostei.

The main parameters of central hemodynamics and regional blood volumes were determined in 106 patients with lower limb varicosity by computer radiocardiography and radiometry of the lower limbs in horizontal and vertical positions of the body. It was found that the clinical stages of compensation and decompensation are paralleled by definite combinations of changes in the circulation volume, minute and stroke values of the cardiac output and regional blood volumes in the lower limbs. Comprehensive appraisal of circulation enabled the authors to distinguish a "transient" stage of the disease according to the character of changes in the main hemodynamic values. It is very difficult to determine this stage from the clinical signs. The study showed that the transition from the stage of compensation to that of decompensation in varicose disease is due to the time factor which is within the limits of up to ten years from the onset of the disease in most cases.

[Safety, antigenic activity, and epidemiologic effectiveness of live mumps vaccine from strain L-3. II. Antigenic activity and epidemiologic effectiveness]. / Bezvrednost', antigennaia aktivnost' i épidemiologicheskaia éffektivnost' zhivoi parotitnoi vaktsiny iz shtamma L-3. Soobshchenie II. Antigennaia aktivnost' i épidemiologicheskaia éffektivnost'.

The results obtained in the study of the antigenic activity and epidemiological effectiveness of live parotitis vaccine prepared from strain L-3 are presented. Children aged 3-7 years were shown to react to the injection of this preparation by the moderate production of virus-neutralizing antibodies (the percentage of persons with antibody titers of 1:8 and higher increased from 26.5 to 64.4). The most intensive antibody production was stimulated by the vaccines containing 40,000 and 20,000 viral particles in 1 vaccination dose. In seropositive children no significant shift in the antibody content was observed irrespective of the batch of the vaccine used. During 1 1/2 years of observation the morbidity rate of epidemic parotitis among children immunized with live parotitis vaccine was 6.9 times lower than among the unvaccinated children in the same groups and 8.8 times lower than among the children used as external control. The effectiveness rate of the vaccine was on the average 85.4% and 88.6%. The vaccines containing 40,000 and 20,000 HADU50 were found to have greater epidemiological effectiveness, while the epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine containing 5,000 HADU50 was somewhat less. The effect of vaccination depended not only on the dose of the antigen and the initial state of the vaccines, but also on the extent of the coverage of children with vaccination in organized groups.

[Cytogenetic study of the effect of vaccinia virus on cells from embryo and adult mice]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe izuchenie vliianiia virusa ospovaktsiny na kletki vzroslykh myshei i émbrionov.

After immunization with vaccinia virus an increase in frequency of aneuploids and secondary chromosomal constrictions is observed in adult mice. Moreover, an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was demonstrated. The increase in the number of secondary chromosomal constrictions indicates an activation of nucleolar-organizing regions.

[Informative value of several clinical, anamnestic, social, hygienic and epidemiologic parameters of immunologic deficiency risk in miners with frequent and long-lasting acute respiratory viral infections]. / Informativnost' nekotorykh kliniko-anamnesticheskikh, sotsial'no-gigienicheskikh i épidemiologicheskikh pokazatelei riska immunologicheskoi nedostatochnosti u chasto i dlitel'no boleiushchikh ostrymi respiratornymi virusnymi infektsiiami shakhterov.

The authors studied poll results and medical documents of miners with frequent and long acute respiratory viral infections and apparently healthy ones in order to reveal clinical, anamnestic, social, hygienic and epidemiologic risk factors for immune deficiency. As a result, the authors identified some signs of immune pathologic conditions (pulmonary diseases, upper respiratory tract disorders, skin lesions) among the miners with frequent and long acute respiratory viral infections. Such factors as presence of children or relatives who are frequently ill, alcohol abuse, smoking and unfavorable living conditions result in weaker immune resistance of the miners with frequent and long acute respiratory viral infections.

[Evacuation function of a musculovenous "pump" of the leg in varicose veins of the lower extremities]. / Evakuatornaia funktsiia myshechno-venoznoi "pompy" goleni u bol'nykh varikoznoi bolezn'iu nizhnikh konechnostei.

The investigation of average time of transport of radionuclide along the venous system of lower extremities was used by the authors to assess the evacuation function of the musculo-venous "pump" of the leg in 10 healthy people and 50 patients with varicose disease of lower extremities. The direct relation between the degree of incompetence of the musculo-venous "pump" and the degree of the varicose disease speaks of its obvious pathogenetical role in the development of venous pathology.