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1.
Anal Chem ; 82(6): 2568-73, 2010 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20151662

RESUMEN

Recently, nanoflow nebulizers with low-volume drain-free spray chambers became available for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry application for analysis of very small sampling volumes. The present technical note reports on a different approach for 100% efficient subnanoliter sample introduction, the application of monodisperse piezoelectric microdroplet dispensers which generate 40-50 microm droplets with high reproducibility if nozzles of 30 microm diameter are applied. The droplets having volumes below 0.1 nL can be introduced loss-free and without plasma loading, with frequencies up to approximately 100 Hz into analytical plasmas. In this technical note, the analytical figures of merit of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry with single droplet introduction are reported using Ca and Au standard solutions as examples. Future engineering is required to reduce the total sample volumes from the relatively large sample reservoir of the current study, thereby reducing potential issues of washout while enabling analysis of ultralow total sample volumes.

2.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 393(4): 625-30, 2010 Mar 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20152808

RESUMEN

The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) forms nuclear bodies (NB) that can be redistributed by virus infection. In particular, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) influences disruption of PML NB through the interaction of PML with the arenaviral Z protein. In a previous report, we have shown that the disulfide compound NSC20625 has antiviral and virucidal properties against arenaviruses, inducing unfolding and oligomerization of Z without affecting cellular RING-containing proteins such as the PML. Here, we further studied the effect of the zinc-finger-reactive disulfide NSC20625 on PML-Z interaction. In HepG2 cells infected with LCMV or transiently transfected with Z protein constructs, treatment with NSC20625 restored PML distribution from a diffuse-cytoplasmic pattern to punctate, discrete NB which appeared identical to NB found in control, uninfected cells. Similar results were obtained in cells transfected with a construct expressing a Z mutant in zinc-binding site 2 of the RING domain, confirming that this Z-PML interaction requires the integrity of only one zinc-binding site. Altogether, these results show that the compound NSC20625 suppressed Z-mediated PML NB disruption and may be used as a tool for designing novel antiviral strategies against arenavirus infection.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/antagonistas & inhibidores , Disulfuros/farmacología , Guanidinas/farmacología , Virus de la Coriomeningitis Linfocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Transcripción/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/antagonistas & inhibidores , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/virología , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Virus de la Coriomeningitis Linfocítica/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteína de la Leucemia Promielocítica , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo
3.
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol ; 36(5): 436-47, 2010 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20408958

RESUMEN

AIM: Stroke prevalence increases with age, while alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and inflammation have been related to ischaemia-induced damage. This study shows how age and treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent (meloxicam) modify the levels of AMPAR subunits GluR1 and GluR2, as well as the mRNA levels of the GluR2-editing enzyme, ADAR2, in a global brain ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. METHODS: Two days after global ischaemia CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus and cerebral cortex were obtained from sham-operated and I/R-injured 3- and 18-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemical assays were performed. Meloxicam treatment was assayed on young animals. RESULTS: Data showed that age attenuates the downregulation induced by I/R in the AMPAR subunits GluR1 and GluR2 and modifies the GluR1/GluR2 mRNA level ratio in a structure-dependent way. The study of the ADAR2 mRNA levels showed more downregulation in older animals than young ones. Meloxicam treatment prevented the transcriptional arrest induced by I/R. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that changes in the AMPAR isoforms could be associated with ageing in the different structures studied. Although GluR2 editing seems to be involved in age-dependent vulnerability to ischaemia supporting the 'GluR2 hypothesis', this alone does not explain the differential vulnerability in the different brain regions. Finally, inflammation could play a role in protection from I/R-induced injury.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Receptores AMPA/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión , Tiazinas/farmacología , Tiazoles/farmacología , Adenosina Desaminasa/genética , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Antígeno CD11b/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/fisiología , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Meloxicam , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores AMPA/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/inmunología , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/inmunología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/metabolismo
4.
J Med Genet ; 41(3): 183-6, 2004 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14985377

RESUMEN

A four generation family is described in which some men of normal intelligence have epilepsy and others have various combinations of epilepsy, learning difficulties, macrocephaly, and aggressive behaviour. As the phenotype in this family is distinct from other X linked recessive disorders linkage studies were carried out. Linkage analysis was done using X chromosome microsatellite polymorphisms to define the interval containing the causative gene. Genes from within the region were considered possible candidates and one of these, SYN1, was screened for mutations by direct DNA sequencing of amplified products. Microsatellite analysis showed that the region between MAOB (Xp11.3) and DXS1275 (Xq12) segregated with the disease. Two point linkage analysis demonstrated linkage with DXS1039, lod score 4.06 at theta = 0, and DXS991, 3.63 at theta = 0. Candidate gene analysis led to identification of a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding synapsin I that was present in all affected family members and female carriers and was not present in 287 control chromosomes. Synapsin I is a synaptic vesicle associated protein involved in the regulation of synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter release. The SYN1 nonsense mutation that was identified is the likely cause of the phenotype in this family.


Asunto(s)
Epilepsia/genética , Mutación/genética , Sinapsinas/genética , Vesículas Sinápticas/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Humanos X/genética , Epilepsia/complicaciones , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Femenino , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Monoaminooxidasa/genética , Linaje , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo Genético/genética
5.
Antiviral Res ; 55(3): 437-46, 2002 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12206881

RESUMEN

Several disulfide-based compounds, including intermolecular aromatic disulfides of the type Ph-S-S-Ph and dithianes with the sulfur atoms tethered in a ring structure, have shown effective inhibitory activity against the arenaviruses Junin (JUNV), agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, and Tacaribe (TCRV). These compounds showed a strong virucidal effect with inactivating concentration 50% (IC(50)) values in the range 0.6-5.0 microM, and also were effective to reduce virus yields from infected cells. The mode of inactivating action of two active compounds, the aromatic bis disulfide NSC20625 and the dithiane NSC624152, was further studied. Both compounds were able to inactivate arenaviruses after a few minutes of direct contact with virions, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The ability of drug-treated virus to perform several steps of the replication cycle was analyzed. The killed virus particles were found to bind and enter to Vero cells with the same efficacy as infectious native virions, but the ability of inactivated virions to synthesize viral proteins in Vero cells was abolished. Thus, treatment of JUNV and TCRV with these compounds destroyed virion infectivity, generating particles which entered the host cell but were unable to complete the viral biosynthetic processes.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Arenavirus del Nuevo Mundo/efectos de los fármacos , Disulfuros/farmacología , Virus Junin/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antivirales/química , Chlorocebus aethiops , Disulfuros/química , Virus Junin/crecimiento & desarrollo , Células Vero , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Virión/efectos de los fármacos
6.
Am J Prev Med ; 16(1 Suppl): 12-22, 1999 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9921382

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness of nonlegislative community and clinical programs to increase the rate of child motor vehicle occupant restraint use among children under the age of 5 years. METHOD: This was a systematic review of the world's published literature. The Cochrane Collaboration protocol was used to conduct the literature search. The following databases were searched for literature on this topic: MEDLINE, EMBASE, NTIS, PsychINFO, ERIC, Nursing and Allied Health, Transportation Research and Information Service, and EI Compendex. The bibliographies of relevant publications were used to search for additional references. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they evaluated a clinical or community-based intervention designed to increase the use child restraint devices among motor vehicle passengers under the age of 5 years. Studies of the effects of legislation or law enforcement programs were excluded. All study design types, including randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, and controlled or uncontrolled pre/post evaluations, were included. Studies were excluded if there was either no control group or no baseline data with which to compare outcome data. Studies were also excluded if they did not use observed restraint use as at least one of the outcome measures. DATA COLLECTION: Each study was reviewed in depth with special attention to the strength of study design. Outcomes were assessed in terms of the absolute difference in observed restraint use within and/or between groups across study intervals. RESULTS: A total of 18 studies met inclusion criteria for in-depth review. Pooling of results was not possible because of the large differences between studies with regard to study design, settings, target groups, intervention methods, and units of analysis. There were a total of three randomized controlled trials, four controlled trials without random individual or group assignment, three controlled pre-post evaluations, and eight uncontrolled pre/post studies. Among preschool programs, short-term absolute percentage point gains in seat belt use rates ranged from 12% to 52% but only from 8% to 14% one month or more after the intervention. Among community-based media campaigns, long-term child restraint use increased by an absolute margin of 5% to 14%. Of the eleven peri-partum counseling programs, long-term follow-up revealed gains of 6% to 27% with most between 10% to 15%. Many studies had serious design flaws that could overestimate the magnitude of the effect. CONCLUSIONS: Programs to increase the rate of child restraint use among child occupants of motor vehicles appear to have overall moderate short-term effectiveness. The magnitude of the positive program effects one or more months after the intervention appear to diminish substantially. There is a strong need for high quality randomized controlled trials to determine the long-term effectiveness of child restraint promotion programs.


Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil , Promoción de la Salud , Cinturones de Seguridad/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Proyectos de Investigación
7.
Antivir Chem Chemother ; 11(3): 231-7, 2000 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10901294

RESUMEN

Fifteen antiretroviral Zn-finger active compounds with diverse chemical structures, including azoic compounds, hydrazide derivatives, disulphide-based reagents and others were screened in vitro against Junin virus (JUNV), the aetiological agent of Argentine haemorrhagic fever, by a virus yield inhibition assay in Vero cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated simultaneously by the MTT method. Of the compounds, three were totally inactive as antivirals, nine presented moderate anti JUNV-activity and three were truly active with EC50 (effective concentration 50%) values in the range 6.5-9.3 microM and with selectivity indices greater than 10. The most active inhibitors, named NSC20625, 3-7 and 2-71, demonstrated a broad range of action against arenaviruses, including several attenuated and pathogenic strains of JUNV as well as the antigenically related Tacaribe virus (TACV) and Pichinde virus (PICV). The direct treatment of JUNV and TACV virions with the compounds showed two types of behaviour: the aromatic disulphide NSC20625 was a very potent virucidal agent, whereas the other two compounds exhibited moderate or negligible virus-inactivating properties.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Virus Junin/efectos de los fármacos , Dedos de Zinc/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Virus Junin/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células Vero
8.
J Food Prot ; 65(4): 636-42, 2002 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11952212

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and sensory quality as well as the safety of ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked foods prepared in and distributed from a centralized kitchen to schools in Argentina. A total of 101 cooked food samples delivered as hot RTE cooked foods (group A) and as RTE cooked foods at room temperature (group B) and 140 surface swab environment samples were collected from February to November 1999. Petrifilm plates were used for aerobic (PAC), coliform (PCC), and Escherichia coli (PEC) counts. Standard methods were used to determine Enterobacteriaceae (EntC) and thermotolerant coliform counts (TCC). Samples were also tested for the presence of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens. Food temperatures just before samples were put into containers ranged from 80 to 98 degrees C and from 28 to 32 degrees C for group A and group B, respectively. For group A food samples, PAC ranged from 1.04 to 3.50 log CFU/g, and PCC, PEC, TCC, and EntC were not detected. For group B food samples, PAC ranged from 3.63 to 6.48 log CFU/g, PCC ranged from 1.90 to 5.36 log CFU/g, TCC ranged from 1.30 to 3.95 log CFU/g, and EntC ranged from 3.60 to 5.46 log CFU/g. Of the foodborne pathogens, only B. cereus was isolated (63.4% of samples) in both food groups (<4 log CFU/g). The microbiological and sensory quality and the safety of group A foods were satisfactory. Large numbers of PAC and EntC detected in group B foods show that better control is needed to avoid potential foodborne diseases.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Servicios de Alimentación/normas , Argentina , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Gusto , Temperatura
9.
Lab Anim ; 37(1): 68-71, 2003 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12626074

RESUMEN

We describe a simple and feasible procedure for performing intravenous administration of substances in the gerbil. Under light anaesthesia, animals were held in dorsal recumbency and a very small incision of skin, parallel to the femoral vein on the internal side of the thigh, was made. The vein is easily accessible via thin skin incision. An insulin syringe and a 30 G needle were used for the injection. This is an easy and quick method, which, with appropriate anaesthesia, allows rapid recovery.


Asunto(s)
Gerbillinae , Inyecciones Intravenosas/veterinaria , Animales , Animales de Laboratorio , Femenino , Inyecciones Intravenosas/instrumentación , Inyecciones Intravenosas/métodos , Masculino
10.
Vet Rec ; 145(14): 400-3, 1999 Oct 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10574274

RESUMEN

Non-motile, Gram-negative rods, isolated from the intestinal tract and kidney of several dead animals in a gerbil colony, were identified as Citrobacter rodentium (formerly included in C. freundii species) on the basis of 31 biochemical tests. The isolates were tested against 40 antimicrobial agents and were all susceptible to ticarcillin plus clavulanate, ceftazidime and most of the quinolones studied, but were all resistant to most of the penicillins and aminoglycosides tested, and to fosfomycin, metronidazole and tiamulin. This bacterial species has been primarily associated with transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, and this appears to be the first report of an epidemic infection in a gerbil colony with a fatal outcome in most of the animals affected.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Citrobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Gerbillinae , Animales , Citrobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/mortalidad , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/patología , Femenino , Gerbillinae/microbiología , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana
11.
J Small Anim Pract ; 42(12): 599-602, 2001 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11791775

RESUMEN

A case of right renal agenesis in a beagle, of interest because of the age of the dog at the time of diagnosis, is described. Physical, haematological, biochemical and urinary examinations, including measurement of endogenous creatinine clearance, were performed to assess renal function. Survey radiography, excretory urography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance examinations were also used to confirm the absence of a kidney. The effect of kidney agenesis on renal function, evaluated on the basis of endogenous creatinine clearance, is discussed together with the benefits of the various imaging techniques to enable in vivo detection of renal abnormalities.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/congénito , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Riñón/anomalías , Animales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Perros , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/congénito , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía , Urografía/veterinaria
12.
Cell Death Dis ; 5: e1505, 2014 Oct 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25356874

RESUMEN

Malignant glioma is a severe type of brain tumor with a poor prognosis and few options for therapy. The main chemotherapy protocol for this type of tumor is based on temozolomide (TMZ), albeit with limited success. Cisplatin is widely used to treat several types of tumor and, in association with TMZ, is also used to treat recurrent glioma. However, several mechanisms of cellular resistance to cisplatin restrict therapy efficiency. In that sense, enhanced DNA repair, high glutathione levels and functional p53 have a critical role on cisplatin resistance. In this work, we explored several mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in human glioma. We showed that cellular survival was independent of the p53 status of those cells. In addition, in a host-cell reactivation assay using cisplatin-treated plasmid, we did not detect any difference in DNA repair capacity. We demonstrated that cisplatin-treated U138MG cells suffered fewer DNA double-strand breaks and DNA platination. Interestingly, the resistant cells carried higher levels of intracellular glutathione. Thus, preincubation with the glutathione inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induced massive cell death, whereas N-acetyl cysteine, a precursor of glutathione synthesis, improved the resistance to cisplatin treatment. In addition, BSO sensitized glioma cells to TMZ alone or in combination with cisplatin. Furthermore, using an in vivo model the combination of BSO, cisplatin and TMZ activated the caspase 3-7 apoptotic pathway. Remarkably, the combined treatment did not lead to severe side effects, while causing a huge impact on tumor progression. In fact, we noted a remarkable threefold increase in survival rate compared with other treatment regimens. Thus, the intracellular glutathione concentration is a potential molecular marker for cisplatin resistance in glioma, and the use of glutathione inhibitors, such as BSO, in association with cisplatin and TMZ seems a promising approach for the therapy of such devastating tumors.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Cisplatino/farmacología , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Glioma/patología , Glutatión/deficiencia , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Butionina Sulfoximina/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN , Reparación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Dacarbazina/farmacología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones Desnudos , Temozolomida , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo
13.
Curr Med Chem ; 20(19): 2402-14, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23521684

RESUMEN

Acridones are a class of compounds that have attracted attention in recent years for their wide range of biological properties, including selective inhibition of diverse human pathogenic viruses. The wide spectrum of antiviral activity includes DNA and RNA viruses, such as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and Junin virus, among others, indicative of the involvement of cellular factors as potential targets of acridone derivatives. At the present, their precise mode of action is not clearly determined, although the predominant action seems to be centered on the synthesis of nucleic acids. Regarding this point, inhibitory activity against cellular and viral enzymes and the ability to intercalate into nucleic acid molecules was demonstrated for some acridone compounds. Then, the possibility of a multiple effect on different targets renewed interest in these agents for virus chemotherapy allowing a potent inhibitory effectiveness associated to less feasibility of generating antiviral resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the methods of synthesis, the antiviral properties of acridone derivatives, their mechanism of action, and structural characteristics related to antiviral activity as well as the perspectives of this class of compounds for clinical application against human viral infections.


Asunto(s)
Acridonas/química , Acridonas/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Infecciones por Virus ADN/tratamiento farmacológico , Virus ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Virus ARN/tratamiento farmacológico , Virus ARN/efectos de los fármacos , Acridonas/síntesis química , Animales , Antivirales/síntesis química , Humanos
14.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 45(4): 188-197, jul.- ago. 2023. tab
Artículo en Español | IBECS (España) | ID: ibc-222303

RESUMEN

Introducción El método Kabat sostiene que el sincronismo normal se produce de distal a proximal, lo cual requiere evidencia electromiográfica. Objetivo Describir el sincronismo muscular de patrones motores de miembros superiores descritos por Kabat, en posiciones sedente y supina, a partir de la medición de la latencia al inicio del pico de la máxima activación electromiográfica (IPMA-EMG) de músculos seleccionados. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio analítico comparativo. Se evaluó a 20 hombres y 20 mujeres entre 19 y 26 años. Cada participante realizó 3repeticiones activas sin resistencia externa de cada uno de los patrones de movimiento (flexor y extensor) de las 2diagonales. Se registró la latencia del IPMA-EMG para cada uno de los 8músculos evaluados en los 4patrones de movimiento, tanto en supino como en sedente. Estos se promediaron y se ordenaron de menor a mayor para obtener la secuencia de contracciones musculares en cada patrón de movimiento. Se compararon las secuencias obtenidas para cada patrón en sedente y supino y se valoró la existencia de correlaciones entre ellas. Resultados Se observó correlación significativa en las secuencias del IPMA-EMG entre posiciones supina y sedente, en todos los patrones de movimiento (p<0,05), excepto en el patrón extensor de la primera diagonal (p=0,139). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre posiciones en ninguno de los patrones (p>0,05). Conclusiones Aunque con variaciones en la IPMA-EMG, se halló, en general, un sincronismo muscular de proximal a distal, más evidenciado en la posición sedente y en los patrones flexores (AU)


Introduction The Kabat method argues that normal synchronism occurs from distal to proximal, which requires electromyographic evidence. Objective To describe the muscular timing of motor patterns of the upper limbs described by Kabat, in seated and supine positions, from the measurement of the latency at the beginning of the peak of the maximum electromyographic activation (BPM-EMG-A) of selected muscles. Material and methods A comparative analytical study was carried out. Twenty men and 20 women between 19 and 26 years old were evaluated. Each participant performed 3active repetitions without external resistance of each of the movement patterns (flexor and extensor) of the 2diagonals. BPM-EMG-A latency was recorded for each of the 8muscles tested in the 4movement patterns, both supine and seated. These were averaged and ordered from lowest to highest to obtain the sequence of muscle contractions in each movement pattern. The sequences obtained for each pattern in seated and supine were compared and the existence of correlations between them was assessed. Results Significant correlation was observed in the BPM-EMG-A sequences between supine and seated positions, in all movement patterns (P<0.05), except in the extensor pattern of the first diagonal (P=0.139). There were no statistically significant differences between positions in any of the patterns (P>0.05). Conclusion Although with variations in BPM-EMG-A, muscle timing was generally found from proximal to distal, more evident in the sitting position and in flexor patterns (AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Técnicas de Ejercicio con Movimientos/métodos , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Propiocepción/fisiología , Brazo/fisiología , Electromiografía
15.
Vet J ; 189(3): 341-5, 2011 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20810295

RESUMEN

Twenty-three healthy mixed-breed male adult dogs were examined using serial magnetic resonance (MR) renograms. The images were obtained using a dynamic gradient-echo, fast SPGR, T1-weighted sequence and low doses of gadolinium chelates (0.025 mmol/kg). Time-intensity curves were obtained to assess typical urinary excretion parameters, namely, time to vascular peak (TVP), time to vascular drop (TVD), time to glomerular peak (TGP), parenchymal phase length (PPL), gradient of parenchymal phase (GPP) and pattern of excretory segment. The mean TVP, TVD, TGP and PPL were 31.6±11.8, 43.4±11.2, 154.0±36.2 and 115.2±37.7s, respectively. The GPP was 24.1±8.6% of signal intensity per min. The excretory segment was concave in all cases, and at the end of the examination, 87.1% of kidneys had shown a reduction in signal intensity of 50%. This MR nephrography protocol can provide adequate time-intensity curve parameters for the urinary system of dogs, offers excellent anatomical detail, and represents an alternative to radionuclide nephrography.


Asunto(s)
Medios de Contraste , Perros/anatomía & histología , Perros/fisiología , Riñón/anatomía & histología , Riñón/fisiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Animales , Gadolinio DTPA , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Masculino , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo
17.
Neuroscience ; 164(3): 1119-26, 2009 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19761817

RESUMEN

Glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate NMDA receptors (NMDAR) are considered to play a key role in ischemia-induced damage. Long-term (hours) changes in their expression upon ischemia have been shown. Here we report short-term changes in the mRNA levels of the major hippocampal NMDAR subunits (NR1, NR2A and NR2B), as well as c-fos, in an ex vivo ischemia model using hippocampal slices. This effect can be observed also in a calcium free incubation solution. Striking early decreases in the NMDAR subunit mRNA levels were observed after 30 min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) as well as a partial recovery when the tissues were returned to the balanced salt solution (reperfusion-like period) for 3 h. Since OGD-induced damage has been reported to be a consequence of the increase in OGD-related glutamate release, we also analyzed NMDAR mRNA levels following increased glutamate levels in hippocampal sections in which no significant effects on NMDAR subunit mRNA levels were detected. Furthermore, we describe that the presence of MK-801 (a selective NMDAR antagonist), CNQX (a selective AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist) or their combined action in the incubation solution is able to induce a significant decrease in NMDAR expression but in these conditions the OGD does not induce further decreases in mRNA levels. We suggest that the mechanisms triggered during OGD to downregulate mRNA levels of NMDAR subunits could be the same than those induced by glutamate receptor antagonists.


Asunto(s)
Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/genética , Animales , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Glucosa/deficiencia , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Ácido Glutámico/farmacología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Hipoxia/genética , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Modelos Neurológicos , Técnicas de Cultivo de Órganos , Subunidades de Proteína/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transmisión Sináptica/genética , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/genética
18.
Infect Disord Drug Targets ; 7(3): 204-12, 2007 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17897056

RESUMEN

The zinc finger proteins have fascinated many research groups because of their modular assembly, broad range of biological functions and more recently because they are attractive targets for antiviral therapy. The zinc finger domain is a very stable structural element whose hallmark is the coordination of a zinc ion by several amino acid residues, usually cysteines and histidines. These structural motifs are associated with protein-nucleic acid recognition as well as protein-protein interactions. The biological function of the zinc finger proteins is strongly dependent on the zinc ion, which assure integrity and stability. Thus, the disruption of critical zinc finger viral proteins represents a fundamentally new approach to inhibit viral replication in the absence of mutations leading to drug resistance phenotypes. This review summarizes the drug design and potential therapeutic applications of viral zinc fingers disrupting agents for the control of viral diseases.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Virosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dedos de Zinc/efectos de los fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Diseño de Fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Viral , Humanos , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Virosis/fisiopatología , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/metabolismo , Dedos de Zinc/fisiología
19.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 372(2): 352-9, 2002 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11936111

RESUMEN

A pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating on the fourth (266 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonics has been used to generate plasmas on the target surface in air at atmospheric pressure. The influence of wavelength on quantitative analysis of 4 minor elements in stainless steel samples (Si, Ti, Nb and Mo) was investigated. Stainless steel samples with different elemental concentrations were prepared and analyzed by laser-induced plasma spectrometry (LIPS). The effect of laser wavelength on analytical figures of merit (calibration curves, correlation coefficients, linear dynamic ranges, analytical precision, and accuracy values) was found to be negligible when internal standardization (an Fe line) and time-resolved laser-induced plasma are employed. For both wavelengths, the calibration curves presented a good linearity and an acceptable linear dynamic range in the concentration interval investigated. For the four elements studied, limits of detection lower than 150 microg g(-1) were achieved. To evaluate the influence of wavelength on precision and accuracy, a set of fifteen high-alloyed steel samples from different stages of steelmaking process have been analyzed. Finally, the long-term stability of the analytical measurements for Mo with 532 nm wavelength has been discussed. RSD values were lower than 5.3% for the elements studied.

20.
Phytother Res ; 17(9): 1073-5, 2003 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14595590

RESUMEN

Essential oils obtained from eight aromatic plants of San Luis Province, Argentina, were screened for virucidal activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Junin virus (JUNV) and dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2). The most potent inhibition was observed with the essential oil of Lippia junelliana and Lippia turbinata against JUNV with virucidal concentration 50% (VC(50)) values in the range 14-20 ppm, whereas Aloysia gratissima, Heterotheca latifolia and Tessaria absinthioides inhibited JUNV in the range 52-90 ppm. The virucidal activity was time- and temperature-dependent. The essential oils of A. gratissima, Artemisia douglasiana, Eupatorium patens and T. absinthioides inactivated HSV-1 at 65-125 ppm. However, only A. douglasiana and E. patens had any discernible effect on DEN-2 infectivity with VC(50) values of 60 and 150 ppm, respectively.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales , Animales , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Chlorocebus aethiops , Virus del Dengue/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flores , Frutas , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Virus Junin/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Hojas de la Planta , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Temperatura , Células Vero/efectos de los fármacos
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