RESUMEN
Gd14AuxAl86-x Tsai-type 1/1 quasicrystal approximants (ACs) exhibit three magnetic orders that can be finely tuned by the valence electron concentration (e/a ratio). This parameter has been considered to be crucial for controlling the long-range magnetic order in quasicrystals (QCs) and ACs. However, the nonlinear trend of the lattice parameter as a function of Au concentration suggests that Gd14AuxAl86-x 1/1 ACs are not following a conventional solid solution behavior. We investigated Gd14AuxAl86-x samples with x values of 52, 53, 56, 61, 66, and 73 by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Our analysis reveals that increasing Au/Al ordering with increasing x leads to distortions in the icosahedral shell built of the Gd atoms and that trends observed in the interatomic Gd-Gd distances closely correlate with the magnetic property changes across different x values. Our results demonstrate that the e/a ratio alone may be an oversimplified concept for investigating the long-range magnetic order in 1/1 ACs and QCs and that the mixing behavior of the nonmagnetic elements Au and Al plays a significant role in influencing the magnetic behavior of the Gd14AuxAl86-x 1/1 AC system. These findings will contribute to improved understanding towards tailoring magnetic properties in emerging materials.
RESUMEN
A novel synthesis method, "arc-melting-self-flux", has been developed and a series of five Tsai-type 1/1 approximant crystals in the Tb-Au-Si system have been synthesized. The synthesis method, by employing a temperature program which oscillates near the melting and nucleation points of the approximants, has provided high-quality and large single crystals in comparison to those obtained from the standard arc-melting-annealing and self-flux methods. The atomic structures of the approximants have been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and described using concentric atomic clusters with icosahedral symmetry. The compounds are nearly isostructural with subtle variations; two types of atomic clusters which mainly vary at their cluster centers are observed. One type contains a Tb site at the center, and the other contains a disordered tetrahedron decorated with Au/Si mixed sites. Both cluster types can be found coexisting in the approximants. The compounds have different average weighted ratios of central Tb to disordered tetrahedron in the bulk material. Furthermore, a strategy for chemically tuning magnetic behavior is presented. Magnetic property measurements on the approximants revealed that the magnetic transition temperature (Tc) decreases as the occupancy of the central Tb site increases. Tc decreased from 11.5 K for 0% occupancy of the central Tb to 8 K for 100% occupancy. Enhanced magneto crystalline anisotropy is observed for the approximants with higher central Tb occupancy in comparison to their low central Tb occupancy counterparts. Hence, the previously reported "ferrimagnetic-like" magnetic structure model remains valid.