RESUMEN
Drug resistance and relapse remain key challenges in pancreatic cancer. Here, we have used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq, and genome-wide CRISPR analysis to map the molecular dependencies of pancreatic cancer stem cells, highly therapy-resistant cells that preferentially drive tumorigenesis and progression. This integrated genomic approach revealed an unexpected utilization of immuno-regulatory signals by pancreatic cancer epithelial cells. In particular, the nuclear hormone receptor retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ), known to drive inflammation and T cell differentiation, was upregulated during pancreatic cancer progression, and its genetic or pharmacologic inhibition led to a striking defect in pancreatic cancer growth and a marked improvement in survival. Further, a large-scale retrospective analysis in patients revealed that RORγ expression may predict pancreatic cancer aggressiveness, as it positively correlated with advanced disease and metastasis. Collectively, these data identify an orthogonal co-option of immuno-regulatory signals by pancreatic cancer stem cells, suggesting that autoimmune drugs should be evaluated as novel treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Animales , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Epigénesis Genética , Biblioteca de Genes , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones SCID , Células Madre Neoplásicas/citología , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/genética , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-10/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Interleucina-10/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/citología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is genetically unstable and characterised by the presence of subclones with distinct genotypes. Intratumoural heterogeneity is linked to recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to identify HGSOC subclones and study their association with infiltrating cell populations. Visium spatial transcriptomics reveals multiple tumour subclones with different copy number alterations present within individual tumour sections. These subclones differentially express various ligands and receptors and are predicted to differentially associate with different stromal and immune cell populations. In one sample, CosMx single molecule imaging reveals subclones differentially associating with immune cell populations, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Cell-to-cell communication analysis identifies subclone-specific signalling to stromal and immune cells and multiple subclone-specific autocrine loops. Our study highlights the high degree of subclonal heterogeneity in HGSOC and suggests that subclone-specific ligand and receptor expression patterns likely modulate how HGSOC cells interact with their local microenvironment.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Ováricas , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Femenino , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADNRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: S. elongatus is an important cyanobacterial model organism for the study of its prokaryotic circadian clock, photosynthesis, and other biological processes. It is also widely used for genetic engineering to produce renewable biochemicals. Our findings reveal an SeAgo-based defense mechanism in S. elongatus against the horizontal transfer of genetic material. We demonstrate that deletion of the ago gene facilitates genetic studies and genetic engineering of S. elongatus.