Gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable batteries toward wide-temperature applications.

Rechargeable batteries, typically represented by lithium-ion batteries, have taken a huge leap in energy density over the last two decades. However, they still face material/chemical challenges in ensuring safety and long service life at temperatures beyond the optimum range, primarily due to the chemical/electrochemical instabilities of conventional liquid electrolytes against aggressive electrode reactions and temperature variation. In this regard, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with its liquid components immobilized and stabilized by a solid matrix, capable of retaining almost all the advantageous natures of the liquid electrolytes and circumventing the interfacial issues that exist in the all-solid-state electrolytes, is of great significance to realize rechargeable batteries with extended working temperature range. We begin this review with the main challenges faced in the development of GPEs, based on extensive literature research and our practical experience. Then, a significant section is dedicated to the requirements and design principles of GPEs for wide-temperature applications, with special attention paid to the feasibility, cost, and environmental impact. Next, the research progress of GPEs is thoroughly reviewed according to the strategies applied. In the end, we outline some prospects of GPEs related to innovations in material sciences, advanced characterizations, artificial intelligence, and environmental impact analysis, hoping to spark new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer to realizing wide-temperature rechargeable batteries.

Advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species: uncovering the potential role of ferroptosis in diabetic complications.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a diverse range of compounds that are formed when free amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are carbonylated by reactive carbonyl species or glycosylated by reducing sugars. Hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes can cause an overabundance of AGEs. Excess AGEs are generally acknowledged as major contributing factors to the development of diabetic complications because of their ability to break down the extracellular matrix directly and initiate intracellular signaling pathways by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Inflammation and oxidative stress are the two most well-defined pathophysiological states induced by the AGE-RAGE interaction. In addition to oxidative stress, AGEs can also inhibit antioxidative systems and disturb iron homeostasis, all of which may induce ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly identified contributor to diabetic complications. This review outlines the formation of AGEs in individuals with diabetes, explores the oxidative damage resulting from downstream reactions of the AGE-RAGE axis, and proposes a novel connection between AGEs and the ferroptosis pathway. This study introduces the concept of a vicious cycle involving AGEs, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in the development of diabetic complications.

Myxoma with rich blood supply in the left atrium.

Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary benign cardiac tumors, mostly found in the left atrium. It was previously reported that the main component of myxoma was myxoid stroma riched in acid-mucopolysaccharide, the blood vessels in which were sparsely distributed, being characterized as hypovascular tumor by contrast echocardiography (CE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). There are few reports of myxoma with rich blood supply and we report one in the left atrium.

Pulmonary artery dissection secondary to ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis.

The aortic short axis view demonstrated the widening of the pulmonary artery and the membrane-like echo in the pulmonary artery divided it into true lumen and false lumen. And the flow of the ruptured openings on the band-like echo was clearly revealed by Color Doppler.

The imaging manifestations of persistent truncus arteriosus in children.

Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) is a rare congenital heart malformation. A 4-year-old girl was diagnosed with type I PTA through echocardiography and confirmed by cardiac CTA.

Uncovering the material basis and mechanism of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablet against functional dyspepsia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and network pharmacology.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive disease. Jianwei Xiaoshi (JWXS) tablet is composed of Radix Pseudostellariae (TZS), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (CP), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (SY), fired Hordei Fructus Germinatus (CMY) and Crataegi Fructus (SZ). It is a commonly used drug in the treatment of FD in China and has good therapeutic effects. However, there is very little research about the substance basis and action mechanism of JWXS tablet. In this research, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and network pharmacology were used to explore the substance basis and action mechanism of the JWXS tablet. Finally, 19, 79, 22, 22 and 39 constituents were identified in the extracts of TZS, CP, SY, CMY and SZ, respectively. Based on these findings, a total of 104 ingredients were identified in JWXS tablet and 29 potentially absorbed ingredients were detected in rat plasma. The results of network pharmacology indicated that the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, inflammation and immune response were the key approaches for treating FD with JWXS tablet. The material basis and potential action mechanism of JWXS tablet in treating FD were comprehensively clarified for the first time. This study will improve our understanding of JWXS tablet.

Ultrasound manifestations of primary intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with liver metastasis in a child.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor arising in lymph nodes or extra-nodal lymphoid tissues, with an incidence of 8.3 per million. It accounts for approximately 7% of childhood and adolescent malignancies, second only to leukemia and brain tumors. Despite the gastrointestinal tract being the most common extra-nodal site involved by lymphoma, primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) is rare and typically affects middle-aged men without specific clinical symptoms. Here, we present the case of a 2-year-old child indicative of PIL with the informed consent of the parents.

Imaging of pulmonary artery sling: Prenatal and postnatal imaging findings.

During the fetal period, the pulmonary artery bifurcation revealed the absence of the left pulmonary artery. Instead, an anomalous artery originated from the right pulmonary artery, coursing posteriorly the trachea to the left lung. The diagnosis of PAS was established following prenatal ultrasound screening, which was subsequently confirmed by postnatal echocardiography and CT after delivery.

Sustainable flood control strategies under extreme rainfall: Allocation of flood drainage rights in the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river based on a new decision-making framework.

Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall, which has led to the perpetuation of flooding as a hazard to humans and society. China has begun to consider introducing Flood drainage rights (FDR), a sustainable flood control measure, into non-engineering measures as a complement to engineering measures for flood control. FDR represent the right of regions to discharge regional floodwaters caused by extreme rainfall into the river, and are the primary means of controlling the amount of floodwaters from regions when regional flood capacity is exceeded. However, existing studies on quantitative FDR allocation still have limitations, and some previous methods have resulted in allocation schemes that are not entirely reasonable and fair because they do not comprehensively consider the influencing factors of FDR or the allocation method is unreasonable. This paper explores the impact of flooding on rural and agricultural areas. We incorporate the factors of agricultural economy and security and construct a system of the allocation indicators of FDR composed of five principles: Natural Environmental Endowment, General Economic and Social Development, Agricultural Economy and Security, Macro policy regulation, and Respect for Historical Background. Second, considering the influence of expert judgment and data of different time nodes on the allocation of FDR, we introduce the concepts of expert weight and time weight into the allocation model of FDR, and construct a new set of framework for the allocation of FDR, i.e., "[(expert weight + subjective weight)+(time weight + objective weight)]+decision making model ". To reduce the loss of information during the transformation of subjective judgments, we also introduced triangular fuzzy numbers for the transformation between expert judgments and numbers. Finally, we take the five provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as an example. Using the data from 2010 to 2021, we obtain the final allocation scheme (proportion) of FDR as Henan (33.26%) > Shaanxi (23.08%) > Inner Mongolia (21.31%) > Shanxi (14.44%) > Shandong (7.91%). On this basis, this paper utilizes sensitivity analysis and comparative validation to demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the method, and identifies several indicators that have a greater impact on the results of the allocation of FDR. FDR can form part of a set of integrated flood management system together with flood control projects, which greatly alleviates the drainage conflicts arising from flooding caused by extreme precipitation. Under extreme rainfall conditions, FDR improves drainage efficiency and minimizes the overall damage caused by flooding in the watershed. This study can contribute to the sustainable development of the watershed and provide a reference for the promotion and utilization of sustainable flood control measures.

Enhanced aerobic granular sludge by thermally-treated dredged sediment in wastewater treatment under low superficial gas velocity.

The positive contributions of carriers to aerobic granulation have been wildly appreciated. In this study, as a way resource utilization, the dredged sediment was thermally-treated to prepared as carriers to promote aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation and stability. The system was started under low superficial gas velocity (SGV, 0.6 cm/s)for a lower energy consumption. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) labeled R1 (no added carriers) and R2 (carriers added), were used in the experiment. R2 had excellent performance of granulation time (shortened nearly 43%). The maximum mean particle size at the maturity stage of AGS in R2 (0.545 mm) was larger compared to R1 (0.296 mm). The sludge settling performance in R2 was better. The reactors exhibited high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) removal rates. The total phosphorus (TP) removal rate in R2 was higher than R1 (almost 15% higher) on stage II (93-175d). R2 had a higher microbial abundance and dominant bacteria content. The relative abundance of dominant species was mainly affected by the carrier. However, the enrichment of dominant microorganisms and the evolution of subdominant species were more influenced by the increase of SGV. The results indicated that the addition of carriers induced the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by microorganisms and accelerated the rapid formation of initial microbial aggregates. This work provided a low-cost method and condition to enhance aerobic granulation, which may be helpful in optimizing wastewater treatment processes.

Microscale Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Four Corrosion Inhibitors (BTA, MBI, MBT, and MBO) on Archeological Silver Artifacts Based on Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy.

The problem of corrosion-induced discoloration and embrittlement in silverware is a significant concern for the long-term preservation of excavated archeological silver artifacts, even after thermal restoration. The key to addressing this issue lies in the meticulous selection and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors that possess targeted corrosion inhibition capabilities. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for archeological silver artifacts using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The researchers aimed to compare the inhibition effects of four corrosion inhibitors [1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO)] on a simulated Ag-Cu alloy sample and understand their mechanisms. The results showed that MBT exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher silver content due to its ability to form stable chelation structures with Ag(I). MBO exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher copper content due to its strong affinity with Cu(I). The targeted corrosion inhibition ability for the ß-phase was ranked as MBO > BTA ≈ MBI > MBT, while for the α-phase the ranking was MBT > MBO > MBI > BTA. The study demonstrated the feasibility and capabilities of SECCM in the targeted screening of corrosion inhibitors for different compositions and microstructural regions in archeological metal artifacts. This study highlights the potential of SECCM in corrosion inhibitor research for archeological metal artifacts and wider applications in metal material corrosion protection.

First-in-human phase I dose-escalation and dose-expansion trial of the selective MEK inhibitor HL-085 in patients with advanced melanoma harboring NRAS mutations.

BACKGROUND: HL-085 is a selective, orally administered MEK1/2 inhibitor. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HL-085 in patients with advanced melanoma harboring NRAS mutations. METHODS: This was a multicenter phase 1 study. HL-085 was administered twice daily in a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design (10 dose cohorts; 0.5-18 mg twice daily), followed by dose expansion at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The primary endpoints included tolerability, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and RP2D. RESULTS: Between September 13, 2017, and January 18, 2021, 42 patients were enrolled (dose escalation phase: n = 30; dose expansion phase: n = 12). No DLT was reported during dose escalation and MTD was not reached with HL-085 doses up to 18 mg twice daily. The RP2D was 12 mg twice daily. The most common all-grade drug-related adverse events (AEs) across all dose levels were rash (61.9%), increased creatine phosphokinase (CK, 59.5%), face edema (50.0%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (47.6%), peripheral edema (40.5%), diarrhea (33.3%), alanine aminotransferase (33.3%), and paronychia (19.0%), most of which were grade 1 and 2. Most frequency of grade ≥ 3 AEs were CK (14.2%), asthenia (7.1%), peripheral edema (4.8%), and acneiform dermatitis (4.8%). In the cohort of 12 mg twice daily dose (15 patients), confirmed objective response rate was 26.7%; disease control rate was 86.7%; median duration of response was 2.9 months; median progression-free survival was 3.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The HL-085 showed acceptable tolerability and substantial clinical activity in patients with advanced melanoma harboring NRAS mutations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03973151.

Identification of two novel rice S genes through combination of association and transcription analyses with gene-editing technology.

Traditional rice blast resistance breeding largely depends on utilizing typical resistance (R) genes. However, the lack of durable R genes has prompted rice breeders to find new resistance resources. Susceptibility (S) genes are potential new targets for resistance genetic engineering using genome-editing technologies, but identifying them is still challenging. Here, through the integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptional analysis, we identified two genes, RNG1 and RNG3, whose polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) affected their expression variations. These polymorphisms could serve as molecular markers to identify rice blast-resistant accessions. Editing the 3'-UTRs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology affected the expression levels of two genes, which were positively associated with rice blast susceptibility. Knocking out either RNG1 or RNG3 in rice enhanced the rice blast and bacterial blight resistance, without impacting critical agronomic traits. RNG1 and RNG3 have two major genotypes in diverse rice germplasms. The frequency of the resistance genotype of these two genes significantly increased from landrace rice to modern cultivars. The obvious selective sweep flanking RNG3 suggested it has been artificially selected in modern rice breeding. These results provide new targets for S gene identification and open avenues for developing novel rice blast-resistant materials.

Adiponectin overexpression promotes fracture healing through regulating the osteogenesis and adipogenesis balance in osteoporotic mice.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis invariably manifests as loss of bone, which is replaced by adipose tissue; this can easily lead to fractures, accompanied by delayed and poor healing. Adiponectin (APN) balances osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Therefore, this study explored whether adiponectin promotes bone fracture healing by regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used adenovirus overexpression vectors carrying APN (Ad-APN-GFP) to treat ovariectomized (OVX) mouse BMSCs and osteoporotic bone fractures to investigate the role of APN in bone microenvironment metabolism in osteoporotic fractures. We subsequently established an OVX mice and bone fracture model using Ad-APN-GFP treatment to investigate whether APN could promote bone fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that APN is a critical molecule in diverse differentiation directions in OVX mouse BMSCs, with pro-osteogenesis and anti-adipogenesis properties. Importantly, our study revealed that Ad-APN-GFP treatment facilitates bone generation and healing around the osteoporotic fracture ends. Moreover, we identified that Sirt1 and Wnt signaling were closely related to the pro-osteogenesis and anti-adipogenesis commitment of APN in OVX mouse BMSCs and femoral tissues. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that APN overexpression facilitates bone fracture healing in osteoporosis. Furthermore, APN overexpression promoted bone formation in OVX mouse BMSCs and bone fracture ends by regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.

RNA methyltransferase BmMettl3 and BmMettl14 in silkworm (Bombyx mori) and the regulation of silkworm embryonic development.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous reversible epigenetic RNA modification that plays an important role in regulating many biological processes, especially embryonic development. However, regulation of m6A methylation during silkworm embryonic development and diapause remains to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the phylogeny of subunits of methyltransferases BmMettl3 and BmMettl14, and detected the expression patterns of BmMettl3 and BmMettl14 in different tissues and at different developmental stages in silkworm. To investigate the function of m6A on the development of silkworm embryo, we analyzed the m6A/A ratio in diapause and diapause termination eggs. The results showed that BmMettl3 and BmMettl14 were highly expressed in gonads and eggs. Moreover, the expression of BmMettl3 and BmMettl14 and the m6A/A ratio were significantly increased in diapause termination eggs compared with diapause eggs in the early stage of silkworm embryonic development. Furthermore, in BmN cell cycle experiments, the percentage of cells in the S phase increased when lacking BmMettl3 or BmMettl14. This work contributes to understanding the role of m6A methylation during insect embryogenesis and gametogenesis. It also provides a research orientation to further analyze the role of m6A methylation in diapause initiation and termination during insect embryonic development.

Synthesis of the Isodityrosine Moiety of Seongsanamide A-D and Its Derivatives.

The concise and highly convergent synthesis of the isodityrosine unit of seongsanamide A-D and its derivatives bearing a diaryl ether moiety is described. In this work, the synthetic strategy features palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)-H functionalization and a Cu/ligand-catalyzed coupling reaction. We report a practical protocol for the palladium-catalyzed mono-arylation of ß-methyl C(sp3)-H of an alanine derivative bearing a 2-thiomethylaniline auxiliary. The reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups, providing practical access to numerous ß-aryl-α-amino acids; these acids can be converted into various tyrosine and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) derivatives. Then, a CuI/N,N-dimethylglycine-catalyzed arylation of the already synthesized DOPA derivatives with aryl iodides is described for the synthesis of isodityrosine derivatives.

Development and validation of an HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of HSK7653, a novel super long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in human plasma and urine and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

HSK7653 is a novel super long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, which is promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the twice-monthly dosing regimen. In this article, a robust and sensitive HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for determining the concentration of HSK7653 in human plasma and urine was developed and validated for the first time. Plasma and urine samples were prepared by protein precipitation. After that, the extracts were analyzed using an LC-20A HPLC system coupled with API 4000 tandem MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. Separation was obtained using an XBridge Phenyl column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid and 5% acetonitrile at room temperature. This bioanalysis method has been fully validated and the results showed good sensitivity and specificity. In brief, the standard curves were linear over the concentration range of 2.00-2000 ng/ml for plasma and 20.0-20,000 ng/ml for urine, respectively. In addition, the precisions of inter- and intra-run of HSK7653 were less than 12.7% and the accuracies were -3.3% to 6.3% for both plasma and urine. Finally, this method was successfully applied to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of HSK7653 in Chinese healthy volunteers in a first-in-human study.

An Opposition-Based Learning Black Hole Algorithm for Localization of Mobile Sensor Network.

The mobile node location method can find unknown nodes in real time and capture the movement trajectory of unknown nodes in time, which has attracted more and more attention from researchers. Due to their advantages of simplicity and efficiency, intelligent optimization algorithms are receiving increasing attention. Compared with other algorithms, the black hole algorithm has fewer parameters and a simple structure, which is more suitable for node location in wireless sensor networks. To address the problems of weak merit-seeking ability and slow convergence of the black hole algorithm, this paper proposed an opposition-based learning black hole (OBH) algorithm and utilized it to improve the accuracy of the mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) localization. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, this paper tests it on the CEC2013 test function set. The results indicate that among the several algorithms tested, the OBH algorithm performed the best. In this paper, several optimization algorithms are applied to the Monte Carlo localization algorithm, and the experimental results show that the OBH algorithm can achieve the best optimization effect in advance.

The confusing pelvic cystic mass: A case of giant prostatic utricle cyst diagnosed by ultrasound.

The giant prostatic utricle cyst, located behindthe bladder with removable irregular mixed echo, communicating with the urethraat the level of the seminal colliculus, was diagnosed by ultrasound andverified by pathology and surgery.

Multimodal imaging of morning glory syndrome with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

Morning glory syndrome (MGS) and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) are congenital abnormity, which may be related to the increased incidence of systemic abnormalities and retinal detachment，diagnosed by ultrasound, identified by CT, MRI, and with the confirmation of fundus examination.