Bullous impetigo-like irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume.

Contact dermatitis usually presents as erythematous macules, papules, and vesicles. Sometimes, unusual clinical presentations of contact dermatitis are reported, including pustular, lymphomatoid, lichenoid, and pigmented variants. We describe the first patient with bullous irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume, mimicking impetigo lesions. We report this case to raise awareness concerning the possibility of serious cutaneous reactions, such as bullous impetigo-like irritant contact dermatitis due to perfumes which are ubiquitous, especially after direct contact with the solution. Perfume ingredients, such as fragrance, solvents, and preservatives all may cause or contribute to irritant contact dermatitis.

Betaine Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in Diabetic Rats via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Regulation.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which also causes cognitive deficits. Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine), also known as trimethylglycine, has been shown to ameliorate diabetic symptoms in diabetic animals and improve cognitive ability in Alzheimer disease (AD) animals. However, the effects of betaine on cognitive deficits in diabetic animals have not been described yet. Therefore, in the current study, the effects of betaine on cognition in diabetic rats were evaluated. METHODS: We established a diabetic rat model by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into rats and administrated betaine to these diabetic rats. We monitored the metabolism index, and glucose and insulin levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. We measured inflammatory cytokine levels, including TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, in serum and hippocampus. We also monitored oxidative stress in the hippocampus by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We measured the learning and memory ability of diabetic rats using the Morris water and Y maze tests and tested the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation and p-mTOR level in the hippocampus. RESULTS: Betaine improved glucose metabolism and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. Also, betaine decreased MDA concentration and increased SOD activity in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Betaine ameliorated cognitive deficits in diabetic rats, and it promoted PI3K expression and Akt activation and decreased p-mTOR expression. CONCLUSION: Betaine alleviates cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic rats via regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

[Involvement of adrenomedullin in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain and morphine tolerance].

The increase of pronociceptive mediators in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain and opioid tolerance. Adrenomedullin (AM) belongs to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family and has been recently demonstrated to be a pain-related peptide. It has also been shown that the expression and release of AM are increased in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn during inflammation and repeated use of morphine. Intrathecal administration of the selective AM receptor antagonist AM22-52 abolishes inflammatory pain and morphine tolerance, suggesting that enhanced AM receptor signaling in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn contributes to the induction of inflammatory pain and morphine tolerance. The present review highlights the recent developments regarding the involvement of AM in these two disorders. The neurological mechanisms of AM's actions are also discussed.

[Effects of blockade of 5-HT2A receptors in inflammatory site on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic hyperalgesia and neuropeptide Y expression in the spinal dorsal horn in rats].

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released in inflammatory tissues plays a pivotal role in pain hypersensitivity. However, it is not clear whether 5-HT2A receptors in the inflamed tissues mediate this effect. The present study investigated the contribution of 5-HT2A receptors in the periphery to chronic inflammatory pain. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected subcutaneously in the hindpaw of rats. The selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin was given in the inflamed site. Paw withdrawal latency responding to heat or mechanical stimuli was measured. Expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was assayed using immunohistochemistry technique. The results showed that ketanserin administered in the inflamed site inhibited thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner (20, 40 and 80 µg) induced by the intraplantar injection of CFA. Ketanserin given once per day at a dose of 80 µg abolished heat hyperalgesia and also attenuated mechanical allodynia on the third day. CFA injection increased the expression of NPY in superficial laminae of the spinal cord, but not in the DRG. The local treatment of ketanserin completely inhibited CFA-induced increase in NPY expression in superficial laminae of the spinal cord. These results indicated that activation of 5-HT2A receptors in the inflamed tissues was involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain and the blockade of 5-HT2A receptors in the periphery could relieve pain hypersensitivity and normalize the cellular disorder in the spinal dorsal horn associated with pathological pain. The present study suggests that the peripheral 5-HT2A receptors can be a promising target for pharmaceutical therapy to treat chronic inflammatory pain without central nervous system side effects.

Exploring the emulsification potential of chitosan modified with phenolic acids: Emulsifying properties, functional activities, and application in curcumin encapsulation.

This study successfully grafted caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid into chitosan through a coupling reaction, yielding grafting ratio of 8.93 % for caffeic acid grafted chitosan (CA-GC) and 9.15 % for 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid grafted chitosan (DHB-GC) at an optimal concentration of 4 mmol phenolic acids. The characterization of modified chitosans through ultraviolet visible spectrometer (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) confirmed the successful grafting of phenolic acids. In the subsequent step of emulsion preparation, confocal laser scanning microscope images confirmed the formation of O/W (oil-in-water) emulsions. The phenolic acid-grafted chitosans exhibited better emulsification properties compared to native chitosan, such as reduced droplet size, more uniform emulsion droplet distribution, increased ζ-potential, and enhanced emulsifying activity and stability. Moreover, the modified chitosans demonstrated increased antioxidant activities (evidenced by DPPH and ß-carotene assays) and displayed greater antimicrobial effects against E. coli and S. aureus. Its efficacy in curcumin encapsulation was also notable, with improved encapsulation efficiency, sustained release rates, and enhanced storage and photostability. These findings hint at the potential of modified chitosans as an effective emulsifier.

Chlorogenic acid-chitosan copolymers: Synthesis, characterization and application in O/W emulsions for enhanced ß-carotene stability.

In this study, chlorogenic acid-chitosan (CA-CS) copolymers were prepared with varying Chitosan (CS): chlorogenic acid (CA)ratios and characterized for their water solubility, antioxidant capacity, and emulsions stability. Results showed that CA-CS samples exhibited up to 90.5 % increase in DPPH scavenging efficiency and 20 % increase in hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency compared to CS alone. CA-CS copolymers used to stabilize oil in water (O/W) emulsions, which were evaluated for their potential in encapsulating and protecting ß-carotene. Microscopic observations revealed homogeneous spherical droplets in stable emulsions, suggesting effective interfacial structures. The selected CA-CS-stabilized O/W emulsions demonstrated encapsulation efficiencies of 74.8 % and 75.26 % for ß-carotene. The CA-CS stabilized O/W emulsions provided the most effective protection against ß-carotene degradation under UV exposure, retaining over 80 % of ß-carotene content after 12 h of testing. These findings indicate that CA-CS-based O/W emulsions show promise as carriers and protectors for bioactive compounds, due to their improved antioxidant capacity, emulsions stability, and protection against degradation.

Preparation of curcumin-loaded pectin-nisin copolymer emulsion and evaluation of its stability.

In the paper, Nisin was grafted onto native pectin by the 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) method. Structure characterisation showed that the carboxyl group of pectin interacted with the amino group of Nisin and formed an amide bond. The highest grafting ratio of the modified pectin was up to 24.89 %. The emulsifying property of modified pectin, significantly improved, and emulsification performance improved with increasing grafting ratio. Emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, Zeta potential, and droplet morphology data demonstrate a notable enhancement in pectin's emulsifying properties due to Nisin's introduction, with the degree of grafting showing a direct correlation with the improvement observed. Pectin-based emulsion is utilized to load curcumin, enhancing its stability and bioavailability. Research findings highlight that the incorporation of Nisin-modified pectin significantly elevates curcumin encapsulation efficiency, while decelerating its release rate. Moreover, the stability of curcumin loaded in the modified pectin under light exposure, alkaline conditions, and long-term storage is also significantly improved. Ultimately, the bioavailability of curcumin escalates from 0.368 to 0.785.

Risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses: A scoping review of cohort studies.

Mental health problems in nurses are prevalent and impairing. To date, no literature has comprehensively synthesised cohort evidence on mental health among nurses. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the existing literature on the risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Epistemonikos database, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to March 2023. We identified 171 cohort studies from 16 countries, mostly (95.3%) from high-income economies. This review indicated that nurses worldwide encountered significant mental health challenges, including depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety, trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder, burnout, sleep disorder, and other negative mental health problems. These problems were closely related to various modifiable risk factors such as nurses' behaviours and lifestyles, social support, workplace bullying and violence, shift work, job demands, and job resources. Moreover, nurses' mental health problems have negative effects on their physical health, behaviour and lifestyle, occupation and organisation, and intrapersonal factors. These findings provided an enhanced understanding of mental health complexities among nurses, and shed light on policy enactment to alleviate the negative impact of mental health problems on nurses. Addressing mental health among nurses should be a top priority.

Comparison of various niches for endothelial progenitor cell therapy on ischemic myocardial repair: coexistence of host collateralization and Akt-mediated angiogenesis produces a superior microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE: Comparative studies are lacking that show the effects of different microenvironments on the activity of engrafted stem cells after myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of angiogenesis, collateralization, and the expression of Akt-related signals after MI to test whether the effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were different. METHODS AND RESULTS: After the induction of MI, pigs were selected that did not develop a collateral coronary circulation (R0) or developed a significant collateral coronary circulation (R2). Both sets were allocated randomly to 4 groups: phosphate-buffered saline (intramyocardial injection of phosphate-buffered saline), EPC transplantation, LY294002 (intramyocardial injection of an Akt inhibitor), and EPCs plus LY294002. Infarcted porcine hearts at different time points and under different collateralized conditions exhibited a variety of vascular microenvironments. At 14 days post-MI, angiogenesis and the expression of Akt-mediated angiogenic cytokines predominated in R2 porcine hearts. When grafted into this microenvironment, EPCs induced the greatest effects in impeding the development of heart failure, preserving left ventricular function and dimensions, and inhibiting infarct expansion. LY294002 significantly reduced these effects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the microenvironment that coexists with collateralization and Akt-mediated angiogenesis appears to be more beneficial to cardiac repair induced by EPC therapy than other niches after MI.

Regulatory mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death in normal tension glaucoma and potential therapies.

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by normal intraocular pressure, progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, and glaucomatous visual field loss. Recent studies have described the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NTG. In addition to controlling intraocular pressure, neuroprotection and reduction of RGC degeneration may be beneficial therapies for NTG. In this review, we summarized the main regulatory mechanisms of RGC death in NTG, including autophagy, glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, immunity, and vasoconstriction. Autophagy can be induced by retinal hypoxia and axonal damage. In this process, ischemia can cause mutations of optineurin and activate the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Glutamate neurotoxicity is induced by the over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate membrane receptors by glutamate, which occurs in RGCs and induces progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Oxidative stress also participates in NTG-related glaucomatous optic neuropathy. It impairs the mitochondrial and DNA function of RGCs through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-JUN N-terminal kinase pathway. Moreover, it increases inflammation and the immune response of RGCs. Endothelin 1 causes endothelial dysfunction and impairment of ocular blood flow, promoting vasospasm and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, as a result of NTG. In conclusion, we discussed research progress on potential options for the protection of RGCs, including TANK binding kinase 1 inhibitors regulating autophagy, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists inhibiting glutamate toxicity, ASK1 inhibitors regulating mitochondrial function, and antioxidants inhibiting oxidative stress. In NTG, RGC death is regulated by a network of mechanisms, while various potential targets protect RGCs. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of NTG and potential therapeutic strategies.

Preparation of amphoteric double network hydrogels based on low methoxy pectin: Adsorption kinetics and removal of anionic and cationic dyes.

The objective of this research was to devise a functional hydrogel was synthesized using pectin (PE), acrylic acid (AA), dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (DC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), designed to adsorb both cationic and anionic dyes concurrently. The low methoxy pectin formed double network hydrogel through chemical and physical crosslinking with AA and PVA respectively. DC is combined into the hydrogel system through copolymerization reaction. Analysis of hydrogel's physicochemical properties was conducted using techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, texture analysis, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Dyes adsorption studies showed that the LP/AA/DC/PVA-2 hydrogel, prepared at the molar ratio of AA to DC of 1:2, exhibited higher adsorption efficiency for methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR). Kinetics and isotherms studies indicated that the adsorption behavior conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. By the Langmuir isotherm fitting, the maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CR by LP/AA/DC/PVA-2 were recorded to be 222.65 mg/g and 316.46 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism is dominated by the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Further, the adsorption and desorption experiments demonstrated that LP/AA/DC/PVA-2 hydrogel have excellent reusability.

Pectin grafted with resorcinol and 4-hexylresorcinol: Preparation, characterization and application in meat preservation.

To augment the functional attributes of pectin and expand its prospective utilization in food preservation, this research explored the enzymatic grafting of resorcinol and 4-hexylresorcinol onto pectin. Structural analysis verified the successful grafting of both resorcinol and 4-hexylresorcinol to pectin via esterification, with the 1-OH of resorcinol and 4-hexylresorcinol and the carboxyl group of pectin functioning as grafting sites. The grafting ratios of resorcinol-modified pectin (Re-Pe) and 4-hexylresorcinol-modified pectin (He-Pe) were 17.84 % and 10.98 %, respectively. This grafting modification notably enhanced the antioxidative and antibacterial properties of pectin. Specifically, DPPH clearance and the inhibition ratio in the ß-carotene bleaching assay increased from 11.38 % and 20.13 % (native pectin, Na-Pe) to 41.15 % and 36.67 % (Re-Pe), and 74.72 % and 53.40 % (He-Pe). Moreover, the inhibition zone diameter against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus rose from 10.12 and 10.08 mm (Na-Pe) to 12.36 and 11.52 mm (Re-Pe), and 16.78 and 14.87 mm (He-Pe). Additionally, the application of native and modified pectin coatings effectively impeded pork spoilage, with the modified pectins demonstrating a more potent effect. Among the two modified pectins, He-Pe exhibited the most significant enhancement in pork shelf life.

Preparation of functionalized pectin through acylation with alkyl gallates: Experiments coupled with density functional theory.

The covalent grafting of alkyl gallates onto pectin using a lipase-catalyzed reaction in a tetrahydrofuran/aqueous medium process acylated pectin molecules with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The alkyl gallates including methyl, ethyl, and propyl gallates were enzymatically grafted onto pectin molecule, in order to study the effect of alkyl gallates on the functional modification of pectin. The grafting mechanism was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), and density functional theory (DFT). Results suggested that lipase grafted 4-OH of alkyl gallate onto pectin by catalyzing esterification in organic/aqueous solution, and the grafting rate was affected by the length of alkyl chain of the gallates molecule. In vitro experiments, the acylated pectins exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in the DPPH test and ß-carotene bleaching test and were found to have obvious antimicrobial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Preparation of hydrogels based on pectin with different esterification degrees and evaluation of their structure and adsorption properties.

In this study, pectin (Pe) with different esterification degrees was used as raw materials to prepared hydrogel adsorbents via free radical polymerization. The effect of Pe esterification degree on hydrogel structure and adsorption performance was studied by FTIR, SEM and XPS characterization and copper ion adsorption experiment. The results demonstrated that the carboxyl group in the hydrogels was bonded to Cu2+ through electrostatic force and coordination, which was an important factor in its adsorption capacity. The hydrogels prepared from Pe with low esterification degree had finer pores and higher carboxyl content, so the adsorption capacity on both water and Cu2+ was stronger. The preparation of hydrogels from low-ester Pe was more conducive to the adsorption of copper ions. Besides, the adsorption behavior of the hydrogels on Cu2+ was investigated through the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics. The results indicated that the adsorption kinetics of the hydrogels was in accordance with the quasi-second-order model. The adsorption of Cu2+ by hydrogels was the result of physical and chemical adsorption, which was endothermic under natural condition, and a higher temperature will result in more favorable spontaneous adsorption.

Non-radical synthesis of amide chitosan with p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid and its application in pork preservation.

p-Coumaric acid and caffeic acid were grafted onto chitosan through a non-radical synthesis method to improve the properties of chitosan and expand its application in food industry. Structural characterization demonstrated that the -COOH of the two phenolic acids were bonded to the -NH2 of the chitosan and formed an acylamino. The grafting ratios of p-coumaric acid-modified chitosan (Cm-CTS) and caffeic acid-modified chitosan (Cf-CTS) reached 10.30 % and 9.78 %, respectively. After modification, the water solubility of the chitosan greatly improved from 9.33 % (native chitosan, Nt-CTS) to 77.33 % (Cm-CTS) and 100 % (Cf-CTS). Besides, the involvement of phenolic acid and caffeic acid endowed the chitosan with strengthened antioxidation and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Nt-CTS and the modified chitosans were coated on the pork surface. The results indicated that Nt-CTS effectively inhibited pork spoilage and the modified chitosans could further prolong the shelf life of pork.

Preparation of acylated chitosan with caffeic acid in non-enzymatic and enzymatic systems: Characterization and application in pork preservation.

To further improve the performance of chitosan in food processing and preservation, this study investigated the grafting of the caffeic acid onto the chitosan in non-enzymatic and enzymatic systems. Result suggested that the caffeic acid was successfully incorporated into the chitosan in the non-enzymatic system, and the grafting ratio of modified chitosan (CA@CTS-N) was 7.49%. Moreover, lipase had a significant positive effect on the grafting reaction of the chitosan, and the modified chitosan prepared in enzymatic system (CA@CTS-E) obtained a higher grafting ratio, which was 11.82%. In both systems, the carboxyl of the caffeic acid was bonded to the amino of the chitosan and formed carbonyl ammonia. After the introduction of foreign group, many changes occurred in the functional properties of the modified chitosan. First, the water solubility of the chitosan was significantly improved from 0.00285 (native chitosan, CTS) to 0.221 (CA@CTS-N) and 0.774 g/100 mL (CA@CTS-E). The caffeoyl had a significant impact on the emulsifying properties of the chitosan. Compared with those of CTS, the modified chitosan had stronger antioxidation and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Finally, the pork treated with the modified chitosan exhibited longer shelf life than that treated with CTS.

A Phenogenetic Axis that Modulates Clinical Manifestation and Predicts Treatment Outcome in Primary Myeloid Neoplasms.

Although the concept of "myeloid neoplasm continuum" has long been proposed, few comparative genomics studies directly tested this hypothesis. Here we report a multi-modal data analysis of 730 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with primary myeloid neoplasm, along with 462 lymphoid neoplasm cases serving as the outgroup. Our study identified a "Pan-Myeloid Axis" along which patients, genes, and phenotypic features were all aligned in sequential order. Utilizing relational information of gene mutations along the Pan-Myeloid Axis improved prognostic accuracy for complete remission and overall survival in adult patients of de novo acute myeloid leukemia and for complete remission in adult patients of myelodysplastic syndromes with excess blasts. We submit that better understanding of the myeloid neoplasm continuum might shed light on how treatment should be tailored to individual diseases. Significance: The current criteria for disease diagnosis treat myeloid neoplasms as a group of distinct, separate diseases. This work provides genomics evidence for a "myeloid neoplasm continuum" and suggests that boundaries between myeloid neoplastic diseases are much more blurred than previously thought.

Investigation of a Lipase-Catalyzed Reaction between Pectin and Salicylic Acid and Its Isomers and Evaluation of the Emulsifying Properties, Antioxidant Activities, and Antibacterial Activities of the Corresponding Products.

This study presents a method for modifying pectin with phenolic acids catalyzed by lipase in a two-phase system of water/tetrahydrofuran. Salicylic acid (SA) and its isomers, including m-hydroxybenzoic acid (MHBA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), were grafted onto pectin, and the products were characterized via UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H NMR analyses to explore the reaction process and mechanism between pectin and the three phenolic acids. Results indicated that lipase played a dual role in the reaction, namely, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the methyl group in the aqueous phase and esterifying the carboxyl group of pectin with the phenolic hydroxyl group of the phenolic acids in tetrahydrofuran. The grafting ratio of SA-modified pectin, MHBA-modified pectin, and PHBA-modified pectin was 1.89, 10.58, and 20.32%, respectively, and it was affected by the position of phenolic hydroxyl. Moreover, the effects of phenolic acids on the emulsifying properties, antioxidant activities, and antibacterial activities of the native and modified pectins were evaluated. In several aspects, the emulsifying properties of the modified pectins were better than those of native pectin. Moreover, the grafting of phenolic acids only slightly affected the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) clearance of the modified pectins but substantially improved their inhibition ratio in a ß-carotene bleaching assay. Furthermore, the modified pectins exhibited better bacteriostatic activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than native pectin.

Investigation of the pectin grafting with gallic acid and propyl gallate and their antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities and fresh keeping performance.

In this paper, a method for the enzymatic modification of pectin, in which gallic acid (GA) and propyl gallate (PG) were grafted onto pectin molecules in an aqueous/organic two-phase system catalyzed by lipase, was proposed. The potential reaction mechanism was explored through UV-Vis, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic methods and density functional theory. Results suggested that the lipase played a dual role during the modification by catalyzing the hydrolysis of methyl ester bonds of pectin in the aqueous phase and the esterification between the 4-OH of GA and PG and the -COOH of pectin in the organic phase. Moreover, the effects of GA and PG on the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of pectin were evaluated, and results showed that the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of modified pectin were better than those of native pectin. The effect of modified pectin on the quality of fresh bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) was further studied. Results suggested that, compared to control group, the total viable count, histamine level, malondialdehyde content and acid value of bass fillets treated with modified pectin were significantly reduced, whereas the sensory score was significantly increased.

A global sea state dataset from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar wave mode data.

This dataset consists of integral sea state parameters of significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave period (zero-upcrossing mean wave period, MWP) data derived from the advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) onboard the ENVISAT satellite over its full life cycle (2002-2012) covering the global ocean. Both parameters are calibrated and validated against buoy data. A cross-validation between the ASAR SWH and radar altimeter (RA) data is also performed to ensure that the SAR-derived wave height data are of the same quality as the RA data. These data are stored in the standard NetCDF format, which are produced for each ASAR wave mode Level1B data provided by the European Space Agency. This is the first time that a full sea state product in terms of both the SWH and MWP has been derived from spaceborne SAR data over the global ocean for a decadal temporal scale.