RESUMEN
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and internal cues1-4. H2O2 enters cells through aquaporin membrane proteins and covalently modifies cytoplasmic proteins to regulate signalling and cellular processes. However, whether sensors for H2O2 also exist on the cell surface remains unknown. In plant cells, H2O2 triggers an influx of Ca2+ ions, which is thought to be involved in H2O2 sensing and signalling. Here, by using forward genetic screens based on Ca2+ imaging, we isolated hydrogen-peroxide-induced Ca2+ increases (hpca) mutants in Arabidopsis, and identified HPCA1 as a leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinase belonging to a previously uncharacterized subfamily that features two extra pairs of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain. HPCA1 is localized to the plasma membrane and is activated by H2O2 via covalent modification of extracellular cysteine residues, which leads to autophosphorylation of HPCA1. HPCA1 mediates H2O2-induced activation of Ca2+ channels in guard cells and is required for stomatal closure. Our findings help to identify how the perception of extracellular H2O2 is integrated with responses to various external stresses and internal cues in plants, and have implications for the design of crops with enhanced fitness.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/enzimología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Calcio/metabolismo , Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Señalización del Calcio , Cisteína/química , Cisteína/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática , Proteínas de la Membrana/química , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Mutación , Oxidación-Reducción , Células Vegetales/metabolismo , Dominios Proteicos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related heart failure (HF), but the specific mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between specific inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-α, and IFN-γ, and COVID-19-related HF. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 212 adult patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at Shanghai Public Health Center from March 1 to May 30, 2022 (including 80 patients with HF and 132 without HF). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and inflammatory factors, including IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, were compared between patients with COVID-19 with and without HF. RESULTS: Patients with COVID-19 having and not having HF differed with regard to sex, age, hs-CRP, PCT, and IL-6 levels (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated a significant positive association between IL and 6 and HF (odds ratio = 1.055; 95 % confidence interval: 1.019-1.093, p < 0.005). Sex, age, and hs-CRP were also associated with HF. Women had a greater risk of HF than men. Older age, higher levels of hs-CRP, and IL-6 were associated with a greater risk of HF. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with COVID-19, increased IL-6 levels are significantly associated with COVID-19-related HF.
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COVID-19 , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , China , COVID-19/complicaciones , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-12 , Interleucina-17 , Interleucina-2 , Interleucina-4 , Interleucina-5 , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The intricate balance between the advantages and risks of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) impedes the utilization of lung cancer screening (LCS). Guiding shared decision-making (SDM) for well-informed choices regarding LCS is pivotal. There has been a notable increase in research related to SDM. However, these studies possess limitations. For example, they may ignore the identification of decision support and needs from the perspective of health care providers and high-risk groups. Additionally, these studies have not adequately addressed the complete SDM process, including pre-decisional needs, the decision-making process, and post-decision experiences. Furthermore, the East-West divide of SDM has been largely ignored. This study aimed to explore the decisional needs and support for shared decision-making for LCS among health care providers and high-risk groups in China. METHODS: Informed by the Ottawa Decision-Support Framework, we conducted qualitative, face-to-face in-depth interviews to explore shared decision-making among 30 lung cancer high-risk individuals and 9 health care providers. Content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: We identified 4 decisional needs that impair shared decision-making: (1) LCS knowledge deficit; (2) inadequate supportive resources; (3) shared decision-making conceptual bias; and (4) delicate doctor-patient bonds. We identified 3 decision supports: (1) providing information throughout the LCS process; (2) providing shared decision-making decision coaching; and (3) providing decision tools. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers valuable insights into the decisional needs and support required to undergo LCS among high-risk individuals and perspectives from health care providers. Future studies should aim to design interventions that enhance the quality of shared decision-making by offering LCS information, decision tools for LCS, and decision coaching for shared decision-making (e.g., through community nurses). Simultaneously, it is crucial to assess individuals' needs for effective deliberation to prevent conflicts and regrets after arriving at a decision.
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Toma de Decisiones Conjunta , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Personal de Salud , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , China , Persona de Mediana Edad , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/psicología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Personal de Salud/psicología , Anciano , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto , Participación del PacienteRESUMEN
Stigma has heavily impacted People Living with HIV (PLWH). Limited studies report on how social support affects HIV-related stigma and perceived stress, especially in Myanmar. During first seven months of 2020, a random sample of 248 eligible PLWH were contacted from a private, closed Facebook group with more than 18,000 Myanmar people, where 90% of the members were PLWH. Variables collected included demographics data, perceived stress, social support, and HIV stigma. After controlling for the effects of demographic variables, the path from HIV stigma to perceived stress (direct effect ß = 0.40) and though the mediation of social support was significant (indirect effect ß = 0.014). However, the mediating effect of social support was non-significant between HIV stigma and perceived stress. This exploratory study shows that social support did not have the expected effect of decreasing perceived stress in PLWH in Myanmar. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma to decrease perceived stress should consider other strategies, e.g., spirituality-based practice, to reduce perceived stress in Myanmar PLWH.
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Infecciones por VIH , VIH , Humanos , Estigma Social , Apoyo Social , Estrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of art-making interventions on physical and psychological outcomes, as well as quality of life (QOL), in adult patients with cancer. METHODS: Seven English-language databases (PubMed, Academic Search Premier, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and three Chinese-language databases (CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) were searched up to and including May 1, 2023. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions to evaluate the certainty of evidence. The data were analyzed using Review Manager software 5.4. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022321471). RESULTS: The studies predominantly focused on visual art (n = 21), two specifically used performing art (n = 2), and five integrated both forms of art-making (n = 5). The pooled results showed that art-making significantly improved anxiety (SMD = - 1.12, 95% CI [- 1.43, - 0.81], p < 0.01), depression (SMD = - 0.91, 95% CI [- 1.16, - 0.65], p < 0.01), distress (SMD = - 1.19, 95% CI [- 1.43, - 0.95], p < 0.01), psychological well-being (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI [0.02, 0.80], p = 0.04), societal well-being (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.04, 0.54], p = 0.03), nausea (SMD = - 1.81, 95% CI [- 2.84, - 0.78], p < 0.01), physical well-being (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI [0.02, 0.20], p = 0.02), and QOL (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI [0.29, 1.33], p < 0.01). However, it did not significantly improve fatigue (SMD = - 0.28, 95% CI [- 0.75, 0.19], p = 0.24) and pain (SMD = - 0.18, 95% CI [- 1.97, 1.60], p = 0.84) in patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Art-making interventions may boost psychological well-being, physical symptoms, and QOL among patients with cancer. More robust studies are necessary to overcome methodological limitations and promote wider adoption of these interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospero registration number: CRD42022321471.
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Arteterapia , Neoplasias , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/terapia , Arteterapia/métodos , Adulto , Ansiedad/etiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Family resilience helps cancer-affected families overcome challenges and may influence an individual's fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Identifying distinct classes of family resilience among lung cancer patients is crucial for tailored interventions. This study aimed to identify latent classes of family resilience in lung cancer patients and explore their relationships with FCR. METHODS: Three hundred ten lung cancer patients from three hospitals in Fujian were recruited from June to September 2021. Clinical data were extracted from medical records, while sociodemographic details, family resilience, and FCR were self-reported. A latent class analysis was performed to identify family resilience classes. RESULTS: A 4-class solution showed the best fit. Compared to Class 1, the patients who had no comorbidities (ORs = 3.480-16.005) had an increased likelihood of belonging to Class 2 and 3, while those who were not family breadwinners (ORs = 0.118-0.176) had a decreased likelihood. Further, the patients who (1) did not lack interest/pleasure in doing things during the past 2-week period (OR = 7.057), (2) were never smokers (OR = 6.230), and (3) were urban residents (OR = 8.985) had an increased likelihood of belonging to Class 4, while those who were (1) male (OR = 0.167), (2) not the family breadwinner (OR = 0.152), and (3) had none or only one child (OR = 0.203) had a decreased likelihood of belonging to Class 4. The FCR level differed significantly among these four classes. CONCLUSION: Our study identified four distinct classes of family resilience among Chinese lung cancer patients. FCR severity decreased with increasing levels of family resilience.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Resiliencia Psicológica , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Salud de la Familia , MiedoRESUMEN
AIMS: To investigate the trajectory, influencing factors and dynamic relationships between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and quality of life (QOL) in lung cancer patients. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS: Longitudinal data from 310 lung cancer patients across three hospitals in China were assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (T1 -T4 ). Descriptive statistics characterised patient demographics, clinical characteristics, levels of FCR and QOL. A linear mixed-effects model was employed to analyse FCR trajectories, identify influencing factors on these trajectories, and predict the impact of FCR on QOL. RESULTS: FCR changed significantly over time, with a slight decrease during T1 -T2 , an increase at T3 and gradual decline at T4 . Higher fear levels were associated with female sex, suburban or rural residency, being a family breadwinner, presence of comorbidities and negative coping behaviours, and low family resilience. QOL negatively correlated with FCR, and FCR predicted lower QOL. CONCLUSIONS: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, lung cancer patients, especially women, suburban or rural residents, family breadwinners, those with comorbidities, negative coping behaviours and low family resilience, reported high levels of FCR. Healthcare providers should pay special attention to lung cancer patients especially during the period of 3-6 months post-surgery and offer tailored interventions to improve their QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: Understanding the FCR trajectories, its influencing factors and its negative impacts on QOL can guide the development of targeted interventions to reduce fear and enhance well-being in patients with cancer. IMPACT: Identifying the trajectories and influencing factors of fear of lung cancer recurrence in patients at different time points informs future research on targeted interventions to improve QOL. REPORTING METHOD: The study adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Statement on Reporting Observational Longitudinal Research.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Resiliencia Psicológica , Humanos , Femenino , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios Prospectivos , Salud de la Familia , Miedo , Recurrencia Local de NeoplasiaRESUMEN
Despite the extensive exposure to imidacloprid residues in food plants, there has been little research on imidacloprid residues in amaranth. The dissipation trend and residue behavior of imidacloprid were evaluated to provide guidelines for imidacloprid application on amaranth under open field and greenhouse. The dissipation rate of imidacloprid in amaranth conformed to the first-order kinetic equation, and the half-lives of imidacloprid in amaranth ranged from 0.29 days in open field to 1.29 days in the greenhouse. After 7 and 14 days from the application of imidacloprid (pesticide dosage, 45 or 67.5 g a.i./ha), the amaranth under the open field and greenhouse growth could be consumed safely with average residues of 0.19 and 0.38 mg/kg, respectively. This result demonstrated that the cultivation has the dominant influence on imidacloprid residue, and the residue of imidacloprid in amaranth planting on open field was much lower than that in the greenhouse, indicating a significant difference in the pesticide residues between the two cultivations with a p-value less than 0.05.
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Amaranthus , Insecticidas , Neonicotinoides , Nitrocompuestos , Residuos de Plaguicidas , Neonicotinoides/química , Neonicotinoides/análisis , Nitrocompuestos/química , Amaranthus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Amaranthus/química , Amaranthus/efectos de los fármacos , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/química , Insecticidas/química , Imidazoles/química , Imidazoles/análisis , Semivida , Agricultura/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , CinéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of eating out among Chinese male adults and explore the association between eating out and dietary nutrition and health. METHODS: Males aged 18 and above with complete data were selected from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2018. Eating out behavior was defined as having consumption of food prepared outside the home during the three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls period. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trend of prevalence of eating out and the energy contribution from eating out foods in males from 2000 to 2018. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the differences in several food and dietary nutrient intakes and nutritional indicators by eating out in 2018. RESULTS: The prevalence of eating out among Chinese male adults increased from 48.49% in 2000 to 57.51% in 2018, showing an increased trend followed by a decreased trend. Males in the 18-29 years old group, urban group, high income group, and high education level group had a higher rate of eating out(P<0.05). The energy contribution from eating out foods increased from 21.80% in 2000 to 28.77% in 2018, showing a slow upward trend. In 2018, the intake of rice, tubers and vegetables was lower in the eating out group, while intake of wheat, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs and milk in eating out group was higher than those in the non-eating out group(P<0.05). The eating out group had a higher intake of energy, fat, protein, cholesterol, calcium, zinc, vitamin B_1 and vitamin B_2 than the non-eating out group(P<0.05). The eating out group had lower levels of systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin than the counterparts. The levels of BMI, waist, body fat percentage, diastolic blood pressure and TG were higher in the eating out group than in the non-eating out group. CONCLUSION: From 2000 to 2011, the eating out rate of males in China showed an upward trend, and a downward trend after 2011. At the same time, the energy contribution of eating out foods is increasing. Eating out was associated with major food and nutrients intake and indicators of nutritional status in male adults.
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Ingestión de Energía , Estado Nutricional , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , China/epidemiología , Huevos , VitaminasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the generational differences in overweight/obesity prevalence and central obesity prevalence among Chinese adult residents aged 20 years and above at the same ages. METHODS: A total of 38 908 healthy adult residents aged 20 years and above from "the China Health and Nutrition Survey" in 1991, 2000, 2009, and 2018 were selected for this study. Based on age at the time of the survey, the study subjects were divided into 6 age groups(20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years old) corresponding to 9 different generations of births in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 generations, respectively. All analyses were stratified by sex. A chi-square test was used to compare generational differences in overweight/obesity and central obesity at similar ages in populations born in different generations. Non-parametric tests were used to compare generational differences in BMI and waist circumference. RESULTS: (1) Body mass index(BMI), overweight/obesity rate, waist circumference, and central obesity rate showed unfavorable generational differences(P<0.0001) among different generations of residents at similar ages. BMI, overweight/obesity prevalence, waist circumference, and central obesity prevalence were higher in the younger generation. Overweight/obesity and central obesity occurred at an earlier age in the younger generation. (2) Generational differences in overweight/obesity rates and central obesity rates followed gender specificity. Unfavorable generational differences(P<0.0001) occurred in overweight/obesity as well as central obesity between the two oldest generations of females, with maximum differences of 15.5% and 8.0%. Unfavorable generational differences(P<0.0001) occurred in overweight/obesity between the two adjacent generations of men and in central obesity between the two youngest generations of men, with maximum differences of 19.5% and 17.0%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity among Chinese adults showed unfavorable generational differences. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity was higher in the younger generation. The younger generation develops overweight/obesity at an earlier age.
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Obesidad Abdominal , Sobrepeso , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , China/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of cardio-metabolic(CM) risk in women aged 15-49 years in 4 provinces of China and the influence of socioeconomic factors on them. METHODS: A total of 2851 women aged 15-49 years from Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2018 were selected. Obesity, central obesity, elevated triglyceride(TG), elevated total cholesterol(TC), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose and risk factor aggregation were analyzed. χ~2 test was used for univariate analysis, multinomial Logit model was used to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and CM risk factors, and Cochran-Armitage trend test was used for trend analysis. RESULTS: The detection rate of CM risk factors in this study from high to low were central obesity(26.76%), overweight(22.41%), pre central obesity(17.47%), decreased HDL-C(15.36%), elevated TG(11.78%), borderline elevated TC(11.40%), borderline elevated TG(11.12%), elevated blood pressure(9.71%) and hypertension(9.12%). The prevalence rates of CM risk factors were different among different age groups, income groups and education levels(P<0.05). In addition to decreased HDL-C, the prevalence of other metabolic risk factors increased with age(P_(trend)<0.05). With the improvement of educational level, the prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, central obesity, central obesity, elevated TG, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, hypertension, elevated blood pressure and diabetes showed a downward trend(P_(trend)<0.05). Multinomial Logit model showed that the rick of metabolic risk factors in the age group of 40 to 49 years old was higher than that in the younger age group aged 15-29 years, and was more significant in hypertension, elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose, which were 8.51 times(95% CI 5.45-13.27), 3.14 times(95%CI 2.20-4.48)and 2.66(95% CI 1.52-4.66)times of the younger age group, respectively. Women with high-income level have a higher risk of borderline elevated TC, elevated TC and borderline elevated LDL-C(OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.44-2.38;OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.25-3.22;OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.61-2.90), but the lower risk of overweight and elevated blood pressure(OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98;OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.94). The risk of obesity, hypertension and diabetes of people with college degree or above was about 50% lower than those with junior high school education or below(OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.78;OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.27-0.67; OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96). CONCLUSION: Central obesity, overweight, pre central obesity and HDL-C decrease were prominent CM risk factors in women aged 15-49 years in four provinces of China in 2018. The detection rate of CM risk factors is higher in women of high age group or low education level.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensión , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Preescolar , Obesidad Abdominal , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Glucemia , LDL-Colesterol , Estudios de Cohortes , Factores de Riesgo , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)combined with molecular network was developed in this study for rapidly analyzing the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample of classical prescription. Firstly, an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm)was used, and acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid were taken as the mobile phases for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 30 â. Under these conditions, the mass spectrum data were collected in both positive and negative ion modes of the heated electrospray ionization source. Subsequently, the mass spectrum data of the Qinggu San reference sample were uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network(GNPS)platform for calculation and analysis, and a visual molecular network was built with Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. On this basis, the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample were identified by fragmentation regularity of standard compounds, retention time, accurate relative molecular weight of HR-MS, characteristic fragment ions information, literature, and databases. Finally, a total of 105 chemical components were identified and speculated in the Qinggu San reference sample, including 19 iridoid glycosides, 23 flavonoids, 15 phenylpropanoids, 11 triterpene saponins, and 37 other components. Meanwhile, two of these components are potential new compounds. The method used in this study not only achieved rapid and accurate identification of chemical components in the Qinggu San reference sample and provided a scie-ntific basis for the study of pharmacological substances and quality control of Qinggu San compound preparations but also provided a refe-rence for the rapid identification of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas/métodosRESUMEN
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) allows for electrochemical imaging at the micro- or nanoscale by confining the electrochemical reaction cell in a small meniscus formed at the end of a micro- or nanopipette. This technique has gained popularity in electrochemical imaging due to its high-throughput nature. Although it shows considerable application potential in corrosion science, there are still formidable and exciting challenges to be faced, particularly relating to the high-throughput characterization and analysis of microelectrochemical big data. The objective of this perspective is to arouse attention and provide opinions on the challenges, recent progress, and future prospects of the SECCM technique to the electrochemical society, particularly from the viewpoint of corrosion scientists. Specifically, four main topics are systematically reviewed and discussed: (1) the development of SECCM; (2) the applications of SECCM for corrosion studies; (3) the challenges of SECCM in corrosion studies; and (4) the opportunities of SECCM for corrosion science.
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The corrosion behavior of the dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ) is highly dependent on its heterogeneous microstructures. However, directly measuring the electrochemical properties of microstructures in different heat-affected zones (HAZs) is a formidable challenge, because traditional bulk electrochemistry can only offer an average signal. Herein, the microelectrochemical properties of an SA508-309L/308L DMWJ were measured in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution using lithography and capillary techniques. Specifically, high-throughput microelectrochemical tests, including open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), were conducted on 168 spots (Φ 12 µm). Results revealed five typical EIS responses and seven varieties of PDP curves (different magnitudes of the current density). The maps of thermodynamic and kinetic metrics, such as polarization resistance derived from EIS, corrosion potentials, and corrosion currents extracted from potentiodynamic polarization curves, demonstrated good consistency. The uniform corrosion tendency of the SA508 HAZ subregions during the immersion tests is basically consistent with its Ecorr_avg order of subcritical HAZ (C5, -371 mV) < intercritical HAZ (C4, -546 mV) < fine-grained HAZ2 (C3, -579 mV) < fine-grained HAZ1 (C2, -593 mV). The random presence of inclusions leads to highly heterogeneous microelectrochemical properties of the DMWJ, thereby causing localized corrosion to occur preferentially. Moreover, the macroscopic corrosion behavior is affected by the corrosion products, which display a protective effect that modifies the local electrochemical activity of the SA508 HAZ. The combination of microelectrochemical properties allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the macroscopic corrosion behavior of metals and the galvanic effect between the heterogeneous microstructures.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has uniquely impacted people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. The negative impacts on PLWH's mental health from fear of COVID-19 are labeled as "a double stress." The association between fear of COVID-19 and HIV (internalized) stigma has been found among PLWH. Studies that explore the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and physical health outcomes are few, especially among PLWH. In this study, we explored the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and physical health among PLWH and the mediated effects of HIV stigma, social support, and substance use. A cross-sectional online survey of PLWH (n = 201) from November 2021 to May 2022 was carried out in Shanghai, China. The data on socio-demographics, fear of COVID-19, physical health, HIV-related perceived stigma, social support, and substance use were gathered and analyzed by structure equation modeling (SEM). In SEM analysis, fear of COVID-19 showed a significant and indirect effect on physical health (ß=-0.085) which was primarily mediated by HIV stigma. In SEM analysis, the final model had a good fit. Fear of COVID-19 showed a significant effect on HIV stigma (ß = 0.223) with the majority being direct effects (ß = 0.262) and a small indirect effect via substance use (ß=-0.039). Furthermore, HIV stigma showed a significant effect on physical health (ß=-0.382), the majority of which was direct (ß=-0.340), and a small indirect effect via social support (ß=-0.042). This is one of the first studies to explore how fear of contracting COVID-19 can affect PLWH's coping behaviors (e.g., using substances and obtaining social support) used to combat HIV stigma as well as to achieve better physical health in China.
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Triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis is an important metabolic process for intracellular storage of surplus energy, intestinal dietary fat absorption, attenuation of lipotoxicity, lipid transportation, lactation and signal transduction in mammals. Transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored acyltransferase family member of unknown function. In the current study we show that overexpression of TMEM68 promotes TG accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation in a conserved active sites-dependent manner. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis showed that diacylglycerol (DG), free fatty acid (FFA) and TG levels were increased by TMEM68 expression. In addition, TMEM68 overexpression affected the levels of several glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as sterol ester contents. TMEM68 exhibited monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities dependent on the conserved active sites in an in vitro assay. The expression of lipogenesis genes, including DGATs, fatty acid synthesis-related genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was upregulated in TMEM68-overexpressing cells. These results together demonstrate for the first time that TMEM68 functions as an acyltransferase and affects lipogenic gene expression, glycerolipid metabolism and TG storage in mammalian cells.
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Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa , Lipogénesis , Proteínas de la Membrana , Triglicéridos , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Aciltransferasas/genética , Aciltransferasas/metabolismo , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Lipogénesis/genética , Lipogénesis/fisiología , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/biosíntesis , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to comprehend the psychological well-beings and available interventions of current Chinese infertile patients, as well as investigate more integrated and effective patient support interventions, if necessary. BACKGROUND: It is well known that infertility is a difficult struggle. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) provide patients with the hope of having a child, but they also cause them pain and stress. There is a dearth of research on the mental health of infertile patients, particularly in developing nations such as China. METHOD: Individual interviews were conducted with eight experienced clinicians at the Reproductive Medicine Center from five different hospitals. On the basis of the grounded theory, interviews were transcribed and recursively analysed with the NVivo 12 Plus software by a research team. RESULTS: 73 categories were created, which were then grouped into 12 subthemes that were combined to form the following themes: Theme I: Psychological Distress; Theme II: Sources of Distress; Theme III: Protective Factors; and Theme IV: Interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The themes of subjective experience identified in the study reveal infertile patients' emotional disturbance and resources of distress, consistent with previous related studies. Despite limitations such as the relatively small number of participants and the exclusively self-report nature of qualitative study, the findings of the study imply the importance of emotional and physical support networks for infertile patients at Reproductive Medicine Centers, consistency of psychological awareness and adequate professional supports.
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PURPOSE: To explore the corneal biomechanical properties (CBPs) of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and the discrepancies among three subtypes of VKC including palpebral, limbal, and mixed forms. METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 VKC patients and twenty eyes of ten non-VKC patients were included in this case-control study. Patients with VKC were further divided into three subtypes (six patients in Palpebral form, five patients in limbal form, and nine patients in mixed form). The CBPs of all patients were obtained from the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST). RESULTS: First applanation (A1) length, Ambrosio relational thickness in horizontal (ARTh), and stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1) were significantly lower in the VKC group while A1 velocity was significantly higher in the VKC group (p < 0.05), compared to the non-VKC group. Furthermore, A1 velocity presented a positive correlation with disease course (p < 0.05). In addition, VKC patients of limbal form had lower central corneal thickness (CCT), SP-A1, and higher deformation amplitude ratio (DA ratio), compared to the other two subtypes (p < 0.05). Besides, patients in limbal form had higher A1 velocity, integrated radius, and corneal biomechanical index (CBI) compared with mixed form, and lower A1 length than palpebral form (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The corneas of VKC patients were softer and more protruded compared with the control group, and the property of steepness was closely related to disease course. VKC patients in limbal form were more inclined to be keratoconus than the other two subtypes due to their CBPs` discrepancies.
Asunto(s)
Conjuntivitis Alérgica , Queratocono , Humanos , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Córnea , Párpados , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Topografía de la Córnea , Fenómenos BiomecánicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between trajectories of body mass index(BMI) and the risk of hypertension and blood pressure among Chinese adults. METHODS: The current study was based on data from 10 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2018. A multistage stratified random sample was used in this study.11885 adults whose BMI had been measured at least three times were included in the study. Group-based trajectory modeling(GBTM) was used to identify the BMI trajectories in different genders, Cox regression model was used to analyze the association between BMI trajectories and the risk of incident hypertension. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between BMI trajectories and the blood pressure level. RESULTS: Three distinct BMI trajectories were determined for both genders: normal-stable group, normal-overweight group, obesity-stable group. The numbers of each group among males were 3595(63.23%), 1412(24.83%) and 679(11.94%), and the numbers of each group among females were 4566(73.66%), 1214(19.58%) and 419(6.76%). Taking the normal-stable group as a reference, after adjusting for confounding factors, the normal-overweight group, obesity-stable group had 1.14(1.03-1.25), P=0.01 and 1.42(1.24-1.63), P<0.01 increased risk(HR(95% CI)) of developing hypertension in male. The normal-overweight group, obesity-stable group had 1.29(1.13-1.46), P<0.01 and 1.58(1.23-2.03), P<0.01 increased risk of developing hypertension in female. Taking the normal-stable group as a reference, after adjusting for confounding factors, the systolic blood pressure[ß(95% CI)] in the male normal-overweight group and obesity-stable group increased by 3.01(1.88-4.14)mmHg, P<0.01 and 5.44(3.85-7.03)mmHg, P<0.01 respectively. The diastolic blood-pressure level was increased by 2.20(1.48-2.91)mmHg, P<0.01 and 4.04(3.04-5.04)mmHg, P<0.01 respectively. The systolic blood pressure in the female normal-overweight group and obesity-stable group were increased by 3.65(2.44-4.85)mmHg, P<0.01 and 2.96(0.97-4.94)mmHg, P<0.01 respectively. The diastolic blood pressure level was increased by 3.11(2.38-3.86)mmHg, P<0.01 and 1.25(0.03-2.47)mmHg, P=0.05 respectively. CONCLUSION: Both the trajectory of BMI increasing with age and the trajectory of maintaining a high BMI level increased the risk of hypertension, and blood pressure also increased significantly compared with those who maintained normal BMI.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Sobrepeso , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Humanos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Presión Sanguínea , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , China/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To design front-of-package warning labels for prepackaged food adapted to the Chinese context. METHODS: Delphi method was used to evaluate the first graft of indicatorsof the front-of-package warning labels. The front-of-package warning labels suitable for China's national conditions was selected according to the direct scoring method. RESULTS: 4 sets of front-of-package warning labels for prepackaged food were selected after two rounds of Delphi expert method. CONCLUSION: The final draft of the front-of-package warning labels for prepackaged food is in line with expectations.