Obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism in young and middle-aged men in Guangzhou: A single-centre cross-sectional study.

AIM: Male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) is becoming a public health issue. We aimed to know MOSH among young and middle-aged men in our hospital, to analyse their sex hormones and other index, and to determine leptin as a risk factor for MOSH. METHODS: In total, 258 men (ages ranging from 20 to 60, mean 38 ± 15) were enrolled in this study, and 242 of these men had their complete data, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and sex hormones retrospectively investigated. The leptin and lipid levels were also evaluated, and comparisons were made between young (20-39 years old) and middle-aged (40-60 years old) men. RESULTS: Among all the participants, 7 were thin, with a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 , 95 had a normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23.9 kg/m2 ), 87 (35.9%) were overweight (24 ≤ BMI ≤ 27.9 kg/m2 ) and 53 (21.9%) were obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ), 173 (71.5%) had a waist sized ≥ 85 cm. Among the 242 men, 104 (43%) had hypogonadism (TT ≤ 331.412 ng/dL). Compared with the men of normal weight, the level of testosterone of the obese men decreased (P = .006), while the level of serum lipids (including total cholesterol, TG and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, P < .05) was elevated, higher UA, FSH and leptin were also present in the obese men. There were 83 (34.2%) men with MOSH. Compared with middle-aged men with MOSH, the FSH in young men was significantly reduced (P < .05); no significant increase in estradiol was observed in the MOSH group. The leptin levels in the MOSH group were significantly higher than those in the hypogonadism only group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Obesity increases the prevalence of hypogonadism. The decrease in testosterone levels in young men maybe due to inhibition of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. Leptin is an independent risk factor for MOSH.

Design and Synthesis of Chiral oxa-Spirocyclic Ligands for Ir-Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Reduction of Bringmann's Lactones with Molecular H2.

We herein present a facile and column-free synthetic route toward a structurally unique oxa-spirocyclic diphenol, termed as O-SPINOL. Features of the synthesis include the construction of the all-carbon quaternary center at an early stage, a key double intramolecular SNAr step to introduce the spirocycles and the feasibility of operating on >100 g scale. Both enantiomers of O-SPINOL can be easily accessed through optical resolution with l-proline by control of the solvent. The chiral tridentate ligand O-SpiroPAP derived from O-SPINOL has been successfully synthesized and applied in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of bridged biaryl lactones under mild reaction conditions, providing valuable and enantioenriched axially chiral molecules in excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield and >99% ee). This method represents a rare example of constructing axially chiral molecules by direct reduction of esters with H2.

FABP5 correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell growth and metastasis in cervical cancer.

Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) was found in our previous study to be a potential biomarker for lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. However, the roles of FABP5 in cervical cancer remain unclear. In the present study, FABP5 expression was found to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues, and high FABP5 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and tumor size. Moreover, FABP5 was an independent factor for poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Silencing of FABP5 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, FABP5 silencing significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastases in a murine allograft model in vivo. In addition, FABP5 silencing decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicated that FABP5 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of cervical cancer, and FABP5 may be a novel predictor for prognostic assessment of cervical cancer patients.

Long-Term Oncological Outcomes After Laparoscopic Versus Abdominal Radical Hysterectomy in Stage IA2 to IIA2 Cervical Cancer: A Matched Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) for treatment of stage IA2 to IIA2 cervical cancer. METHODS: We matched stage IA2 to IIA2 cervical cancer patients with known risk factors for recurrence who underwent ARH or LRH. RESULTS: After matching, a total of 203 patient pairs (LRH-ARH) were included. The LRH and ARH group had similar 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates (91.3% vs 90.4%, P = 0.83) and overall survival (OS) rates (93.2% vs 92.1%, P = 0.94). Patients with different tumor size (≤2, 2-4, >4 cm) had similar 5-year OS and RFS. Even in patients with pelvic lymph node metastasis, the 5-year RFS (69.20% vs 69.20%, P = 0.87) and OS (77.4% vs 76.3%, P = 0.83) did not differ statistically between the 2 groups. The LRH and ARH group had similar mean time to recurrence (16.29 vs 22.15 months, P = 0.68) and pattern of recurrence (P = 0.63). Compared with ARH, LRH resulted in significantly shorter operating time, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay. The intraoperative complications rate was similar between the 2 groups (P = 0.72). The rate of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the LRH group than in the ARH group (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy was associated with fewer operating time, blood loss, postoperative complication, and earlier recovery. Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy is an oncologically safe alternative to ARH.

Safety and efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The effects of postoperative adjuvant therapy for high-risk recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in immunotherapy are still under investigation. This study evaluated the preventive effects and safety of postoperative adjuvant therapy, including atezolizumab, and bevacizumab, against the early recurrence of HCC with high-risk factors. METHODS: The complete data of HCC patients who underwent radical hepatectomy with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy after two-year follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into high-risk or low-risk groups based on HCC pathological characteristics. High-risk recurrence patients were divided into postoperative adjuvant treatment and control groups. Due to the difference in approaches in postoperative adjuvant therapies, they were divided into transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), atezolizumab, and bevacizumab (T + A), and combination (TACE+T + A) groups. The two-year recurrence-free survival rate (RFS), overall survival rate (OS), and associated factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The RFS in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (P = 0.0029), and the two-year RFS in the postoperative adjuvant treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.040). No severe complications were observed in those who received atezolizumab and bevacizumab or other therapy. CONCLUSION: Postoperative adjuvant therapy was related to two-year RFS. TACE, T + A, and the combination of these two approaches were comparable in reducing the early recurrence of HCC without severe complications.

Cobalt-catalyzed highly enantioselective hydrogenation of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Asymmetric hydrogenation of α,ß-unsaturated acids catalyzed by noble metals has been well established, whereas, the asymmetric hydrogenation with earth-abundant-metal was rarely reported. Here, we describe a cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids. By using chiral cobalt catalyst bearing electron-donating diphosphine ligand, high activity (up to 1860 TON) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) are observed. Furthermore, the cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation is successfully applied to a broad spectrum of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as various α-aryl and α-alkyl cinnamic acid derivatives, α-oxy-functionalized α,ß-unsaturated acids, α-substituted acrylic acids and heterocyclic α,ß-unsaturated acids (30 examples). The synthetic utility of the protocol is highlighted by the synthesis of key intermediates for chiral drugs (6 cases). Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the carboxy group may be involved in the control of the reactivity and enantioselectivity through an interaction with the metal centre.

Class I versus Class III radical hysterectomy in stage IB1 (tumor ≤ 2 cm) cervical cancer: a matched cohort study.

Background & Aims: The long-term oncological outcome of Class I hysterectomy to treat stage IB1 cervical cancer is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the surgical and long-term oncological outcomes of Class I hysterectomy and Class III radical hysterectomy for treatment of stage IB1 cervical cancer (tumor ≤ 2 cm). Methods: Seventy stage IB1 cervical cancer patients (tumor ≤ 2 cm) underwent Class I hysterectomy and 577 stage IB1 cervical cancer patients (tumor ≤ 2 cm) underwent Class III radical hysterectomy were matched with known risk factors for recurrence by greedy algorithm. Clinical, pathologic and follow-up data were retrospectively collected. Five-year survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier model. Results: After matching, a total of 70 patient pairs (Class I - Class III) were included. The median follow-up times were 75 (range, 26-170) months in the Class III group and 75 (range, 27-168) months in the Class I group. The Class I and Class III group had similar 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (RFS) (98.6% vs. 97.1%, P = 0.56) and overall survival rates (OS) (100.0% vs. 98.5%, P = 0.32). Compared with the Class III group, the Class I group resulted in significantly shorter operating time, less intra-operative blood loss, less intraoperative complications, less postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Class I hysterectomy is an oncological safe alternative to Class III radical hysterectomy in treatment of stage IB1 cervical cancer (tumor ≤ 2 cm) and Class I hysterectomy is associated with fewer perioperative complication and earlier recovery.

Tripartite motif containing 62 is a novel prognostic marker and suppresses tumor metastasis via c-Jun/Slug signaling-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: TRIM62 (tripartite motif containing 62) has been found to act as a tumor suppressor of several cancers. However, its precise biological role and related mechanism remain unknown in cervical cancer (CC). METHODS: Quantitative Real-time PCR and western blot were adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression level of TRIM62 in both human CC cell lines and tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the TRIM62 expression in 30 normal cervical and 189 CC tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses performed to investigate the association between TRIM62 expression and CC patients' prognosis. The effect of TRIM62 on CC growth and metastasis was studied in vitro and in vivo. Multi-pathway reporter array were utilized to identify the potential signaling manipulated by TRIM62. RESULTS: TRIM62 was frequently down-regulated in both human CC cells and tissues. Low expression of TRIM62 in CC tissues was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of CC patients. In addition, TRIM62 was also an independent poor prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival of CC patients after surgery. Moreover, enforced expression of TRIM62 in CC cells significantly inhibited their abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Besides, subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and xenograft mouse metastatic model respectively displayed that TRIM62 impeded the growth and metastasis of CC in vivo. Furthermore, mechanism study exhibited that TRIM62 could suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting c-Jun/Slug signaling. The inhibitory role of TRIM62 in tumor proliferation might be through regulating cell cycle related proteins CyclinD1 and P27 by targeting c-Jun. CONCLUSION: TRIM62 is a potential prognostic biomarker in CC and suppresses metastasis of CC via inhibiting c-Jun/Slug signaling-mediated EMT.