Acute effects of prolonged physical exercise: evaluation after a twenty-four-hour ultramarathon.

BACKGROUND: The consequences and risks of prolonged physical exercise are not well established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of prolonged physical exercise on the participants of a 24-hour ultramarathon race. METHODS: Twenty male runners were selected for evaluation a day before and immediately after the race, where the athletes had to cover the most distance in 24 hours. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic data were obtained at both evaluations. RESULTS: Mean distance covered was 140.3 ± 18.7 km. Runners showed weight loss (p < 0.001) and decrease in systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.004) blood pressure. Hematological changes were compatible with the physiological stress. Plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase strikingly increased post-race (163.4 ± 56.8 vs. 2978.4 ± 1921.9 U/L; p < 0.001) and was inversely correlated with distance covered: those who covered the longest distances showed the lowest CPK levels (Pearson r = 0.69, p = 0.02). After the race, 2 runners showed a slight increase in Troponin levels. One of them also had simultaneous decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (coronary artery disease was subsequently ruled out). Basal echocardiography assessment had shown LV hypertrophy in one and increased left atrial volume in five runners. After the race, there was a decrease in E/A ratio (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Prolonged physical exercise is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. Cardiac abnormalities found in our study suggest that cardiac fatigue may occur in this specific race modality. The long-term effect of these alterations, while maintaining the routine practice of prolonged strenuous physical activity, is still unknown.

Efeitos agudos do exercício físico prolongado: avaliação após ultramaratona de 24 horas / Acute effects of prolonged physical exercise: evaluation after a twenty-four-hour ultramarathon

FUNDAMENTO: As consequências e os riscos do exercício físico contínuo por períodos prolongados não estão esclarecidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do exercício prolongado em participantes de uma ultramaratona de 24 horas. MÉTODOS: Vinte corredores foram selecionados para avaliação, um dia antes e imediatamente após a prova em que os corredores devem percorrer a maior distância em 24 horas. Foram obtidos dados clínicos, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficos. RESULTADOS: A distância média percorrida foi de 140,3 ± 18,7 km. Os corredores apresentaram redução do peso corpóreo (p < 0,001) e da pressão arterial sistólica (p < 0,001) e diastólica (p = 0,004). As alterações hematológicas foram compatíveis com o estresse fisiológico. A concentração plasmática de creatinofosfoquinase (CPK) aumentou significativamente (163,4 ± 56,8 versus 2978,4 ± 1921,9 U/L; p < 0,001) e esteve inversamente correlacionada com a distância percorrida: os que correram maiores distâncias apresentaram níveis mais baixos de CPK (Pearson r = 0,69; p = 0,02). Após a corrida, dois corredores apresentaram discreta elevação de troponina T. Em um deles, houve queda concomitante na fração de ejeção (coronariopatia foi excluída subsequentemente). O ecocardiograma na avaliação basal mostrou hipertrofia de ventrículo esquerdo em um e aumento do volume atrial esquerdo em cinco corredores. Após a prova, houve redução na relação E/A (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: O exercício físico prolongado está associado a alterações cardiovasculares e metabólicas. As alterações cardiológicas encontradas sugerem que o fenômeno de fadiga cardíaca pode ocorrer nessa modalidade de corrida. O efeito a longo prazo dessas alterações, com a manutenção da prática desse tipo de atividade, ainda é desconhecido.

BACKGROUND: The consequences and risks of prolonged physical exercise are not well established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of prolonged physical exercise on the participants of a 24-hour ultramarathon race. METHODS: Twenty male runners were selected for evaluation a day before and immediately after the race, where the athletes had to cover the most distance in 24 hours. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic data were obtained at both evaluations. RESULTS: Mean distance covered was 140.3 ± 18.7 km. Runners showed weight loss (p < 0.001) and decrease in systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.004) blood pressure. Hematological changes were compatible with the physiological stress. Plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase strikingly increased post-race (163.4 ± 56.8 vs. 2978.4 ± 1921.9 U/L; p < 0.001) and was inversely correlated with distance covered: those who covered the longest distances showed the lowest CPK levels (Pearson r = 0.69, p = 0.02). After the race, 2 runners showed a slight increase in Troponin levels. One of them also had simultaneous decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (coronary artery disease was subsequently ruled out). Basal echocardiography assessment had shown LV hypertrophy in one and increased left atrial volume in five runners. After the race, there was a decrease in E/A ratio (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Prolonged physical exercise is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. Cardiac abnormalities found in our study suggest that cardiac fatigue may occur in this specific race modality. The long-term effect of these alterations, while maintaining the routine practice of prolonged strenuous physical activity, is still unknown.

Análise do número de linfonodos em espécimes de ressecções colorretais por neoplasia entre a cirurgia aberta e videolaparoscópica / Comparison of the number of retrieved lymph nodes in colorectal cancer resection specimens between conventional and laparoscopic surgery

Introdução: o estadiamento patológico com a análise do número de linfonodos dissecados é fator importante na determinação da segurança oncológica das ressecções por câncer colorretal, independentemente da via de acesso. Em fase inicial de curva de aprendizado em laparoscopia colorretal, a equivalência entre a cirurgia convencional e laparoscópica pode ser comprometida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o número de linfonodos dissecados em espécimes de ressecções por câncer colorretal pela via convencional e laparoscópica, e verificar a equivalência oncológica entre ambas. Método: estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos de pacientes submetidos a ressecções por câncer colorretal por via convencional e laparoscópica. Variáveis analisadas: idade, sexo, via de acesso, tipo de procedimento, estadiamento de Dukes e número de linfonodos dissecados nas peças. Análise estatística pelo método de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: 50 pacientes foram analisados (33 operados por via convencional, 17 por via laparoscópica). Houve maior número de colectomias direitas e retossigmoidectomias altas nos dois grupos. O número médio de linfonodos dissecados foi de 10,35 no grupo laparoscópico e de 10,15 no grupo de acesso convencional (p=0,859). Conclusões: não houve diferença estatística entre o número médio de linfonodos dissecados entre os espécimes ressecados por via convencional e laparoscópica, numa fase inicial de curva de aprendizado.

Introduction: pathology staging with the analysis of the number of retrieved lymph nodes is an important factor in oncologic safety of colorectal cancer resections, in conventional and laparoscopic surgery. In the beginning of a learning curve in laparoscopy, equivalence between these two types of approaches can be compromised. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of retrieved lymph nodes in colorectal cancer resection specimens between conventional and laparoscopic surgery, and verify oncological equivalence between these techniques. Method: retrospective analysis of a case series of colorectal cancer specimens operated with conventional and laparoscopic surgery. Age, gender, type of operation, approach, staging and number of retrieved lymph nodes were analyzed. Statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney method was performed. Results: 50 patients were operated in the study period (33 with conventional and 17 with laparoscopic approach). Right hemicolectomy and high rectosigmoid resection were the most common procedures performed. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 10,35 in the laparoscopy group and 10,15 in the conventional approach (p=0,859). Conclusions: there was no statistical difference between the number of retrieved lymph nodes in colorectal cancer resection specimens between laparoscopic and conventional approach, in the beginning of a learning curve in laparoscopy.

Atividade física excessiva traz efeitos adversos ao sistema cardiovascular? / Excessive physical activity brings adverse effects to the cardiovascular system?

Atividade física regular é benéfica à saúde, tendo impacto na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e diminuição nas taxas de mortalidade, independente de Gênero ou idade. Previne o surgimento de fatores de risco como hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, obesidade e dislipidemias...