Factors affecting environmental sustainability attitudes among nurses - Focusing on climate change cognition and behaviours: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To investigate the relationship between climate change cognition and behaviours (awareness, concern, motivation, behaviours at home and behaviours at work), positive and negative future cognition, and environmental sustainability attitudes in nurses and to identify the factors affecting environmental sustainability attitudes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: In total, 358 nurses currently working in tertiary hospitals in Korea were recruited. Data were collected using an online questionnaire link from 1 August to 7 August 2022. Climate change cognition and behaviours were measured using the Korean version of the Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool. Positive and negative future cognition were measured using the Korean version of the Future Event Questionnaire. Environmental sustainability attitude was measured using the Korean version of the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey-2. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting environmental sustainability attitudes. RESULTS: Motivation, concern and behaviours at work were factors affecting environmental sustainability attitudes. Motivation was a pivotal influencing factor. Better scores for environmental sustainability attitudes were specifically correlated with higher scores for motivation, concern and behaviours at work. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' motivation, climate change concern and pro-environmental workplace practices should all be considered to improve their attitudes towards environmental sustainability. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: To enhance nurses' environmental sustainability attitudes and behaviours, nurse educators must educate them to increase their motivation for climate action. IMPACT: Nurses are increasingly expected to contribute to environmental sustainability. Hence, awareness of climate change and environmental sustainability among nurses must be improved, and nursing engagement and action encouraged. Nurse educators and managers should explore barriers to pro-environmental behaviour engagement among nurses, examine workplace cultures that encourage pro-environmental behaviours and develop policies/regulations to develop more environmentally sustainable workplaces. REPORTING METHOD: We adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Neither patients nor the public were involved in our research's design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans. The nurses partook in this study exclusively as research participants and were not involved in any research process.

Social jetlag and quality of life among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Amid drastic changes in the educational environment and continued substitution of in-person learning with online learning owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to analyze the predictors of quality of life among nursing students to devise strategies to enhance their quality of life. This study aimed to identify the predictors of nursing students' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on social jetlag. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 198 Korean nursing students in 2021, using an online survey. Chronotype, social jetlag, depression symptoms, and quality of life were assessed using the Korean version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale abbreviated version, respectively. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of quality of life. RESULTS: Factors affecting participants' quality of life were age (ß = - 0.19, p = .003), subjective health status (ß = 0.21, p = .001), social jetlag (ß = - 0.17, p = .013), and depression symptoms (ß = - 0.33, p < .001). These variables accounted for 27.8% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSION: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the social jetlag of nursing students has decreased compared to before the pandemic. Nevertheless, the results showed that mental health issues such as depression affect their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to devise strategies to support students' ability to adapt to the rapidly changing educational environment and promote their mental and physical health.

High School Students' Social Jetlag, Lifelong Competency, and Academic Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

With the prolongation of non-ordinary situations such as school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, high school students have experienced irregular sleep-wake cycles and elevated academic stress resulting from reduced academic achievement and widened gaps in academic performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations among chronotype, social jetlag, lifelong learning competency, and academic stress in high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through an online survey from May-June 2021. The mean social jetlag was found to be 2 h and 9 min, and multiple regression analysis revealed that social jetlag and lifelong competency affected academic stress. Thus, measures to minimize social jetlag and improve lifelong learning competencies should be implemented to reduce academic stress among high school students. School nurses should identify students with severe social jetlag and provide guidance and interventions to promote sleep hygiene and regular lifestyles.

Disaster nursing competencies of rural nurses during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Although rural nurses' roles are indispensable in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management, increased roles, workload, burnout, and reduced job satisfaction can hinder their work, potentially affecting nurses' disaster nursing competencies. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the predictors of rural nurses' disaster nursing competencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Nurses from rural community hospitals in South Korea (N=204) were surveyed during June-July 2021. We used the Professional Quality of Life and Disaster Nursing Preparedness-Response Competencies questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of disaster nursing competencies. Findings: The mean score for disaster nursing competency of the 204 participants was 110.80 (standard deviation=19.14). Disaster nursing competencies correlated with age, nursing career, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress. Compassion satisfaction (ß=.27, P=.004), prior disaster nursing education (ß=.19, P=.005), and prior participation in disaster nursing care (ß=.16, P=.022) predicted disaster nursing competencies, together accounting for 24.2% of the variance. Discussion: Our findings imply that increasing opportunities for continuing education regarding disaster nursing is crucial to enhance the related competencies in rural nurses. This study also highlights the necessity for stakeholders to develop programs aimed at increasing rural nurses' compassion satisfaction. Conclusion: Prior disaster nursing education, prior participation in disaster nursing care, and compassion satisfaction predicted disaster nursing competencies among rural nurses, with compassion satisfaction being the strongest predictor.

Hospital market concentration and the use of mechanical circulatory support devices in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.

BACKGROUND: As health care markets in the United States have become increasingly consolidated, the role of market concentration on physician treatment behavior remains unclear. In cardiology, specifically, there has been evolving treatment of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) with increasing use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS). However, there remains wide variation in it use. The role of market concentration in the utilization of MCS in AMI-CS is unknown. We examined the use of MCS in AMI-CS and its effect on outcomes between competitive and concentrated markets. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used the National Inpatient Sample to query patients admitted with AMI-CS between 2003 and 2009. The primary study outcome was the use of mechanical circulatory support. The primary study exposure was market concentration, measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which was used to classify markets as unconcentrated (competitive), moderately concentrated, and highly concentrated. Baseline characteristics, procedures, and outcomes were compared for patients in differently concentrated markets. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between HHI and use of MCS. RESULTS: There were 32,406 hospitalizations for patients admitted with AMI-CS. Patients in unconcentrated markets were more likely to receive MCS than in highly concentrated markets (unconcentrated 46.8% [5087/10,873], moderately concentrated 44.9% [2933/6526], and high concentrated 44.5% [6676/15,007], p < 0.01). Multivariable regression showed that patients in more concentrated markets had decreased use of MCS in patients in later years of the study period (2009, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44-0.94, p = 0.02), with no effect in earlier years. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Multivariable analysis did not show an association with market concentration and use of MCS in AMI-CS. However, subgroup analysis did show that competitive hospital markets were associated with more frequent use of MCS in AMI-CS as frequency of utilization increased over time. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of hospital market consolidation on the use of MCS and outcomes in AMI-CS.

Nursing students' motivational and self-regulated learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

On-site clinical training, which has been greatly hindered during the COVID-19 pandemic, is essential in nursing practicum. This study aimed to identify the predictors of nursing students' motivational and self-regulated learning in clinical nursing practicum during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the predictors of motivational and self-regulated learning among nursing students in clinical nursing practicum during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was completed by 195 nursing students in Korea in 2021. Students' moral sensitivity and motivational and self-regulated learning were assessed using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that moral sensitivity was the most potent predictor of motivational and self-regulated learning, followed by online clinical practicum experience, determination to become a nurse, and online practicum type; these factors explained 21.0% of the variance. Practicum courses using a tailored hybrid model, combining online and in-person approaches for imparting nursing practices and inspiring moral sensitivity, can enhance nursing students' motivational and self-regulated learning. Modules to enhance nursing students' moral sensitivity should be included in online practicum curricula.

Validity and reliability of the gender equity scale in nursing education.

Equity is an emerging issue across all sectors of society, and one of the frequently raised concerns in nursing education is gender inequity. An accurate assessment appears to be a key component in creating an environment of gender equity in nursing education. This study aimed to develop a scale of gender equity in nursing education and establish its validity and reliability. In total, 341 senior nursing students participated in the psychometric evaluation of the Gender Equity Scale in Nursing Education. This psychometric evaluation revealed that the 4-subdomain (personal experience of gender inequity, perceptions of gender roles, gender discrimination, and gender biases in class), 23-item measure possesses both good reliability and validity, as well as a good level of internal consistency. The Gender Equity Scale in Nursing Education was developed as a self-report questionnaire for both female and male students and considers gender role stereotypes, gender-biased educational climates, gender discrimination, and gender inequity in nursing education.

Pathological narcissism, interpersonal cognitive distortions, and workplace bullying among nurses: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: The aim of this work is to examine whether nurses' pathological narcissism and interpersonal cognitive distortions predict workplace bullying when controlling for organizational culture, work-related factors, and demographic variables. BACKGROUND: To eradicate workplace bullying, a multifaceted holistic approach to identify potential predictors is needed. Nurses' narcissistic behaviours negatively affect collegial relationships and the organization. Furthermore, interpersonal cognitive distortions have been demonstrated to directly affect bullying and victimization. METHODS: Responses from 236 nurses to an online survey were analysed. The Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale, Positive Nursing Organizational Culture Measurement Tool, and The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised were used to measure the key variables. RESULTS: A multiple regression analysis revealed that pathological narcissism (ß = .33, p < .001) had the greatest effect on nurses' workplace bullying, followed by positive organizational culture (ß = -.31, p < .001), interpersonal cognitive distortions (ß = .17, p = .028), marital status (ß = -.15, p = .020), and position (ß = -.12, p = .047). CONCLUSIONS: Although prejudice or stigma surrounding narcissistic personalities should be avoided, nurses should be aware of and manage such characteristics so that they do not become a factor in workplace bullying. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: There is a need to protect nurses from workplace bullying and create a positive organizational culture by recognizing narcissistic traits and preparing intervention strategies that support improvement.

Intervention types and their effects on workplace bullying among nurses: A systematic review.

AIM: We aim to integrate the literature on workplace bullying among nurses and identify characteristics of anti-bullying interventions. BACKGROUND: Workplace bullying in nursing is a major concern, potentially affecting nursing practice, patient outcomes and nurses' health. EVALUATION: PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO were searched for English articles published between January 2011 and December 2020 on workplace bullying among nurses. Eight articles were selected, and quality assessment and data extraction followed. KEY ISSUES: Although the studies employed various intervention approaches, their workplace bullying conceptualizations and instruments varied, as did the outcome variables selected to assess the effects of the intervention. CONCLUSION: Anti-bullying interventions were effective, and the methods of their delivery have diversified. However, issues such as the lack of conceptual clarity, intervention specificity and elaboration remain unaddressed. Further studies are needed to develop updated and standardized instruments to tailor anti-bullying interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Upgraded intervention strategies that reflect the contemporary nursing context and participant characteristics are warranted to ensure workplace bullying prevention. Active intervention by upper management is essential to develop and implement effective workplace bullying interventions.

Moral sensitivity and person-centred care among mental health nurses in South Korea: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To identify the predictors of mental health nurses' person-centred care, including moral sensitivity. BACKGROUND: Person-centred care meets patients' ethical needs by protecting their autonomy and dignity and respecting their choices; it is essential to enhance patient outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictors of the practice of advocating patients' rights and dignity and providing person-centred care among mental health nurses to foster competency and ensure the highest quality of care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 220 mental health nurses in South Korea. It measured their general and work-related characteristics, moral sensitivity, and person-centred care. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the person-centred care predictors. RESULTS: The most potent person-centred care predictor was moral sensitivity (ß = .35, p < .001). Other predictors included prior biomedical ethics education (ß = .15, p = .013) and marital status (ß = .14, p = .025). The regression model had 28.0% explanatory power. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health nurses' moral sensitivity must be increased to improve their person-centred care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurses should receive continuous education to remain aware of and maintain a high level of moral sensitivity and be encouraged to continue the person-centred practice. Organizational and policy support is needed to promote the practice of person-centred care in the workplace.

Hospital nurses' empathy and moral sensitivity toward elderly care: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: The aim of this study is to explore factors that influence elderly caring attitudes, with a focus on empathy and moral sensitivity. BACKGROUND: Medical and nursing needs of the elderly have escalated as a consequence of changes induced by aging and the associated diseases and disabilities. METHOD: A cross-sectional study involving 229 nurses from four general hospitals in South Korea was conducted. Questionnaires assessing demographic and work experience information, empathy (Empathy Construct Rating Scale), moral sensitivity (Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire) and elderly caring (Elderly Caring Attitude Scale) were used. Data were analysed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The factors influencing the caring attitudes of nurses were empathy, moral sensitivity, preference for geriatric nursing and experience with continuing education in geriatric nursing. The explanatory power of this regression model was 59.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to enhance empathy and moral sensitivity of nurses and education related to geriatric nursing might help improve elderly caring attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Continued education in geriatric nursing should be provided for nurses caring for the elderly. In terms of nursing management and education, it is necessary to consider and develop strategies to improve the empathy and moral sensitivity of nurses toward elderly patients.

Work stress and perceived organisational support on young Korean nurses' care for COVID-19 patients.

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, frontline nurses have faced tremendous stress. Younger nurses in their early-to-mid careers can be more exposed to burnout and work stress, and perceived organisational support can influence the quality of nursing care for vulnerable patients. Aim: To identify the impact of younger nurses' work stress and perceived organisational support on their willingness to care for COVID-19 patients. Methods: The cross-sectional secondary data analysis included 211 hospital nurses (<35 years) in South Korea with a mean age of 24.60 years (SD=1.90). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing willingness to care. Findings: Supplying personal protective equipment, training in the use of personal protective equipment, lower work stress, and positive perceptions of organisational support significantly increased early-career nurses' willingness to care. For mid-career nurses, being male and higher work stress significantly increased their willingness to care. Discussion: Support, including COVID-19-related education or training, should be provided to reduce work stress arising from being exposed to infection or while providing care to critically ill patients, especially among early-career nurses. Support from nurse managers, senior staff, and colleagues could help younger nurses cope better with the challenges of COVID-19, thus increasing their willingness to care. Conclusion: Perceived organisational support may facilitate early-career nurses' organisational commitment. Healthy work environments can relieve early-to-mid-career nurses' work stress, thus facilitating patient-centred care.

Leaks after Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Ignored or Neglected?

Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure has recently been approved as an alternative management for stroke prevention in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who have difficulties with long-term oral anticoagulation. The various shapes and sizes of LAA and orientation of the atrial ostium may contribute to the incomplete LAA closure from circular design devices and orientation of the non-steerable delivery catheter. Incomplete closure of LAA leads to a high-velocity blood flow through the peri-device gap, resulting in peri-device leak (PDL). Residual leaks are frequently diagnosed after LAA closure procedures, regardless of closure methods. There is a controversy in the clinical significance of the leaks, particularly about its association with thromboembolic events. PDL <5 mm was not associated with any increase of risk for thromboembolism. Current literatures with small study population have not been sufficient to clarify the role of the leaks after LAA closure. Nevertheless, management of severe leaks has been a challenging concern for cardiologists. Leaks after epicardial LAA closures are at the neck of the incompletely closed LAA and have shown to increase the risk of thromboembolism. Percutaneous closure of the leaks after LAA closure has been attempted with good safety and success, but long-term safety and efficacy remains unclear. Further large long-term studies which aim to assess the role of leaks or PDLs in predicting thromboembolic events and management strategies are warranted.

Building on Evidence to Improve eHealth Literacy in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to provide information on ways to improve eHealth literacy in older adults by assessing current studies examining eHealth literacy. To achieve the aim, this review focused on what theories or theoretical frameworks were used in the studies, what factors were related to eHealth literacy, and what outcome variables were used in eHealth literacy interventions for older adults. Five electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was followed to select relevant studies, and narrative synthesis was performed. Among a total of 27 studies, 13 described theories or theoretical frameworks. Credibility in Internet health information, knowledge, and experience were identified as modifiable factors related to eHealth literacy. The most frequently used outcome variable was eHealth literacy efficacy. Nurses who are interested in improving eHealth literacy in older adults should consider appropriate theoretical frameworks and multiple factors influencing eHealth literacy.

Intentions of frontline nurses regarding COVID-19 patient care: A cross-sectional study in Korea.

AIM: This cross-sectional study, conducted from August to September 2020, examined nurses' stress, self-efficacy and nursing intentions when caring for COVID-19 patients and identified the predictors of nursing intentions during the pandemic. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has increased nurses' role expectations and imposed a heavy social responsibility. In particular, frontline nurses are under significant stress when caring for patients during a novel epidemic because of the lack of accurate information. METHODS: A total of 232 nurses with experience in providing care for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients from seven large hospitals in three cities in Korea completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale and Predictive Nursing Intention Scale. RESULTS: Multiple regression confirmed that completing COVID-19-related education and self-efficacy were significant predictors of nursing intentions during the current pandemic; the regression model explained 22.0% of the variance in nursing intentions. CONCLUSION: Stress did not affect frontline nurses' nursing intentions towards COVID-19 patient care, but completing COVID-19-related education and higher self-efficacy predicted improved nursing intentions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse leaders should recognize that to improve nursing intentions during a novel infection outbreak, infection-related education should be provided and strategies to improve self-efficacy should be implemented.

Nurses' knowledge, attitude, and fall prevention practices at south Korean hospitals: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Fall-prevention activities are nursing interventions which are designed to improve patient safety. The introduction of evaluations of medical institutions and an increase in medical litigation has led institutions to emphasize the importance of fall-prevention activities. The current situation regarding falls among patients in small and medium-sized hospitals is poorly understood. This study assessed knowledge and attitudes regarding falls, and fall-prevention activities of nurses working in small- and medium-sized hospitals. METHODS: Nurses (N = 162) from seven small- and medium-sized hospitals participated in the study. Data on participants' characteristics, education regarding patient falls, knowledge of stretcher cart use, attitudes regarding patient falls, and fall-prevention activities were collected from August 1 to September 1, 2016. RESULTS: Nurses' knowledge of patient falls was positively correlated with their experience with inpatient falls. Furthermore, nurses' attitudes regarding falls were influenced by their nursing experience and fall prevention education. Attitudes positively correlated with fall-prevention activities, but knowledge did not. Nurses' attitudes regarding patient falls were correlated with fall-prevention activities. CONCLUSION: Hospitals should develop incentive programs to improve nurses' attitudes which are based on their subjective norms and tailored to each hospital's specific circumstances to ensure engagement in fall prevention activities. In short, we recommend that consistent, repeated, and custom fall-prevention education should be implemented in small- and medium-sized hospitals to promote engagement in fall-prevention activities. Patient safety activities in small- and medium-sized hospitals can be enhanced by creating an environment that encourages active and self-directed participation in developing fall-prevention strategies using motivation and rewards.

Comparing Factors Associated With eHealth Literacy Between Young and Older Adults.

The purpose of the current study was to compare the factors associated with adults' eHealth literacy, which is vital for health consumers. A secondary data analysis was conducted with data collected from November 2017 to February 2018 for a project on the development of a Korean version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Participants were recruited through an online survey for young adults (n = 210, mean age = 25.5 [SD = 4.7] years) and a face-to-face survey for older adults (n = 187, mean age = 73.2 [SD = 4.8] years). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze data and determine eHealth literacy predictors. Older adults held more positive attitudes toward internet health information than young adults (mean = 16.49 [SD = 2.54] and 17.04 [SD = 2.41], respectively; p = 0.029); however, eHealth literacy levels were comparable (mean = 30.50 [SD = 4.62] and 30.95 [SD = 4.17], respectively; p = 0.305). Attitude toward internet health information was a significant predictor of eHealth literacy in both groups, and age was only a predictor among young adults. These results elucidate predictors of eHealth literacy and inform strategies to improve eHealth literacy among young and older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(8), 46-56.].

Social jetlag and quality of life among nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To investigate chronotype categories and social jetlag among nursing students and to identify associations between rhythm asynchrony and participants' physical and psychological health, academic performance and quality of life. BACKGROUND: Social jetlag refers to the asynchrony between chronotypes and social working hours, resulting in a misalignment of biological and social time. Recent studies have reported possible changes in psychosocial functioning owing to social jetlag. Therefore, the present study investigated chronotypes and the extent of social jetlag among nursing students. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 with a sample of 346 nursing students in two universities in Korea. METHODS: Social jetlag and quality of life were measured with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, respectively, in the year 2015. Data analysis was mainly based on a multiple regression to identify social jetlag's influence on students' quality of life. RESULTS: Average social jetlag was 1 hr - 36 min. Social jetlag was negatively correlated with chronotype, academic performance and quality of life. A multiple regression analysis revealed that social jetlag, a positive emotional state, recovery resilience and depressive symptoms affected students' quality of life. These variables accounted for 41.7% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that decreases in social jetlag and depressive symptoms, as well as increases in the positive emotional state and recovery resilience, enhance students' quality of life.

Nurses' organizational communication satisfaction, emotional labor, and prosocial service behavior: A cross-sectional study.

In this study, we investigated nurses' organizational communication satisfaction and emotional labor in an attempt to identify the factors that influence nurses' prosocial service behavior in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 nurses at two Korean tertiary hospitals in 2017. Most participants (89%) were female, and the mean age was 28.45 ± 5.50 years; data analysis was mainly based on a multiple regression. It was consequently found that nurses' organizational communication satisfaction and emotional labor positively affected their prosocial service behavior. The potential benefits of emotional labor were also explored, and these variables were determined to explain 41.1% of the variance in prosocial service behavior. These findings provide evidence that organizational communication satisfaction and emotional labor in nurses can have significant effects on their prosocial service behavior.

Wide dynamic range high-speed three-dimensional quantitative OCT angiography with a hybrid-beam scan.

We demonstrate a novel hybrid-beam scanning-based quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) that provides high-speed wide dynamic range blood flow speed imaging. The hybrid-beam scanning scheme enables multiple OCTA image acquisitions with a wide range of multiple time intervals simultaneously providing wide dynamic range blood flow speed imaging independent of the blood vessel orientation, which was quantified over a speed range of 0.6∼104 mm/s through the blood flow phantom experiments. A fully automated high-speed hybrid-beam scanning-based quantitative OCTA system demonstrates visualization of blood flow speeds in various vessels from the main arteries to capillaries in a 4 mm×4 mm area (1024 A-lines × 512 B-scans) in vivo in 20 s, showing its potential as a useful imaging tool for various biomedical applications.