The Potential Vector Competence and Overwintering of West Nile Virus in Vector Aedes Albopictus in China.

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus, which causes widespread zoonotic disease globally. In China, it was first isolated in Jiashi County, Kashgar Region, Xinjiang in 2011. Determining the vector competence of WNV infection has important implications for the control of disease outbreaks. Four geographical strains of Aedes Albopictus (Ae. Albopictus) in China were allowed to feed on artificial infectious blood meal with WNV to determine the infection and transmission rate. The results indicated that four strains of Ae. Albopictus mosquitoes could infect and transmit WNV to 1- to 3-day-old Leghorn chickens. The infection rates of different strains were ranged from 16.7 to 60.0% and were statistically different (χ2 = 12.81, p < 0.05). The highest infection rate was obtained from the Shanghai strain (60.0%). The transmission rates of Ae. Albopictus Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu strains were 28.6, 15.2, 13.3, and 6.7%, respectively. Furtherly, the results reveal that Ae. Albopictus Beijing strain infected orally can transmit WNV transovarially even the eggs are induced diapausing. The study confirmed that WNV could survive in the diapause eggs of Ae. Albopictus and could be transmitted to progeny after diapause termination. This is of great significance for clarifying that the WNV maintains its natural circulation in harsh environments through inter-epidemic seasons.

Experimental studies on comparison of the potential vector competence of four species of Culex mosquitoes in China to transmit West Nile virus.

To assess the risk that indigenous mosquitoes in China are capable of transmitting and sustaining West Nile virus (WNV), four important Culex mosquito species, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex modestus, Culex pipiens pallens, and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, were allowed to feed on the artificial infectious blood meal with WNV dose of 10(6.8) plaque-forming unit/ml and tested approximately 2 wk later to determine infection and transmission rates. The results indicated that four Culex mosquitoes were competent laboratory vectors of WNV. The infection rates and transmission rates were statistical differences among different species of mosquito (chi2 = 20.620, P = 0.000; chi2 = 15.020, P = 0.005, respectively). The highest infection rate and transmission rate were obtained with Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (87.5 and 74.2%, respectively).

[Development of multiple quantitative fluorescent PCR for rapid diagnosis of common aneuploidy and it's clinical application].

In this study we have established a technique of multiple quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) for prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal abnormality using multiple short tandem repeat markers (STR-marker) on chromosomes 21 and 18 with the DNA samples from 20 cases of Down's syndrome, 3 cases of trisomy 18 and 40 cases normal controls. The technique established was applied in prenatal diagnosis in 165 clinical cases and 4 cases of newborn infants with digestive tract obstruction. The result this technique was compared with the results of karyotyping. Four cases of trisomy 21 and 1 case of trisomy 18 were identified among 169 samples, which was completely concordant with the results of karyotyping. All clinical samples were diagnosed in 1-3 days without misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Five cases were diagnosed by QF-PCR only due to the failure of karyotyping. Twenty-two cases of fetuses with structure malformation indicated by B-ultrasonography were subjected to karyotyping. One case of 45, X and 1 case of 47, XXY were identified. In conclusion, QF-PCR technique is rapid and accurate for the detection of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. It is suitable for prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal abnormality for pregnant women with advanced ages who were identified as having a high risk by serum screening. QF-PCR technique combined with karyotyping can provide better service for clinical demanding of prenatal diagnosis.

Human telomerase gene and high-risk human papillomavirus infection are related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Our aims were to evaluate the clinical performance of human telomerase RNA gene component (hTERC gene) amplification assay with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test of Hybrid Capture 2 DNA test (HC2), for the detection of high grade cervical precancerous lesions and cancer (CIN 2+). In addition, the association shown between hTERC gene amplification and HPV DNA test positive in women with and without cervical neoplasia was assessed. There were 92 women who underwent cytology, HR-HPV DNA test, hTERC gene amplification test, colposcopy and biopsy. We compared the clinical performance of hTERC gene test along with HR-HPV DNA test of women with colposcopy and routine screening. The samples were histology- confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2) or worse (CIN2+) as the positive criterion. The test of hTERC gene showed the hTERC gene amplification positivity increased with the severity of histological abnormality and cytological abnormality. The test of hTERC gene showed higher specificity than HR-HPV DNA test for high-grade lesions (84.4% versus 50%) and also higher positive predictive value (90.4% versus 76.5%). Our results predicted that hTERC gene amplification demonstrated more specific performance for predicting the risk of progression and offer a strong potential as a tool for triage in cervical cancer screening, with the limited sensitive as HR-HPV DNA test.

An special epithelial staining agents: folic acid receptor-mediated diagnosis (FRD) effectively and conveniently screen patients with cervical cancer.

High-quality screening with cytology has markedly reduced mortality from cervical cancer. However, it needs experienced pathologists to review and make the final decisions. We have developed folic acid receptor-mediated diagnosis (FRD) kits to effectively and conveniently screen patients with cervical cancer. We conduct present study aim to assess clinical significances of FRD in screening cervical cancer. A total of 169 patients were enrolled at Chinese People's liberation Army (PLA) general hospital. We compared diagnostic significances of FRD with thinprep cytology test (TCT). Meanwhile, colposcopy was also performed to confirm any lesion suspicious for cervical cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of FRD were 71.93% and 66.07% in diagnosis cervical cancer, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), Youden index were 51.90%, 82.22%, 0.38, respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity of TCT in diagnosis cervical cancer were 73.68% and 61.61% respectively. PPV, NPV and Youden index for TCT were 49.41%, 82.14% and 0.35 respectively. Overall, FRD have high values of sensitivity, specificity and Youden index. However, this difference failed to statistical significance. FRD have comparable diagnostic significance with TCT. Therefore, FRD might serve as one effective method to screen cervical cancer. Especially for those patients living in remote regions of China, where cytology was unavailable.

A new method of screening human papillomavirus genotypes and clinical validation.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary factor in the development of cervical cancer. A new HPV screening method, "Human Papillomavirus Genotyping (HPG)", was developed to detect 29 HPV genotypes distribution in China. The utility of HPG was compared to Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA test (HC2), and it was determined that the HPG test had been proven to be a more credible and sensitive screening HPV method than the HC2 test. HPV16, HPV 52, HPV 56, and HPV 58 were the four most common HPV genotypes in women who have suffered chronic cervicitis or abnormal vaginal bleeding in China. HPV 16 (28.57%) and 18 (17.86%) were more likely to infect multiple HPV genotypes than other HPV genotypes. Age group more than 50 years had a higher risk than other age groups.