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1.
Diabetologia ; 67(7): 1260-1270, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38561463

RESUMEN

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Metformin lowers postprandial glycaemic excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes by modulating gastrointestinal function, including the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The impact of varying the timing of metformin administration on postprandial glucose metabolism is poorly defined. We evaluated the effects of metformin, administered at different intervals before an intraduodenal glucose infusion, on the subsequent glycaemic, insulinaemic and GLP-1 responses in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Sixteen participants with type 2 diabetes that was relatively well-controlled by metformin monotherapy were studied on four separate days in a crossover design. On each day, participants were randomised to receive a bolus infusion of metformin (1000 mg in 50 ml 0.9% saline) via a nasoduodenal catheter at t = -60, -30 or 0 min (and saline at the other timepoints) or saline at all timepoints (control), followed by an intraduodenal glucose infusion of 12.56 kJ/min (3 kcal/min) at t = 0-60 min. The treatments were blinded to both participants and investigators involved in the study procedures. Plasma glucose, insulin and total GLP-1 levels were measured every 30 min between t = -60 min and t = 120 min. RESULTS: There was a treatment-by-time interaction for metformin in reducing plasma glucose levels and increasing plasma GLP-1 and insulin levels (p<0.05 for each). The reduction in plasma glucose levels was greater when metformin was administered at t = -60 or -30 min vs t = 0 min (p<0.05 for each), and the increases in plasma GLP-1 levels were evident only when metformin was administered at t = -60 or -30 min (p<0.05 for each). Although metformin did not influence insulin sensitivity, it enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion (p<0.05), and the increases in plasma insulin levels were comparable on the 3 days when metformin was given. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In well-controlled metformin-treated type 2 diabetes, glucose-lowering by metformin is greater when it is given before, rather than with, enteral glucose, and this is associated with a greater GLP-1 response. These observations suggest that administration of metformin before meals may optimise its effect in improving postprandial glycaemic control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12621000878875 FUNDING: The study was not funded by a specific research grant.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Glucosa , Hipoglucemiantes , Metformina , Humanos , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Metformina/administración & dosificación , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Masculino , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Doble Ciego , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Glucosa/metabolismo , Insulina/sangre , Anciano , Adulto , Periodo Posprandial , Duodeno/metabolismo , Duodeno/efectos de los fármacos
2.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 26(8): 3078-3087, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38698647

RESUMEN

AIM: To evaluate gastric emptying (GE) and the glycaemic response to a 75-g oral glucose load in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve Han Chinese with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before insulin pump therapy, after 4 weeks of insulin pump therapy, and 12-15 months after insulin pump therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty participants with T2D (baseline glycated haemoglobin [± SD] 10.7% [± 1.2%] 93 [± 10] mmol/mol) ingested a 75-g glucose drink containing 150 mg 13C-acetate, to determine the gastric half-emptying time, and underwent assessment of plasma glucose and serum insulin, C-peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) over 180 min before and after 4 weeks of insulin pump therapy (discontinued for 48 h before re-assessment). Data were compared to those in 19 healthy participants matched for sex and age. After 12-15 months, GE was re-measured in 14 of the T2D participants. RESULTS: At baseline, participants with T2D exhibited substantially augmented fasting and post-glucose glycaemia, diminished insulin secretion, and more rapid GE (p < 0.05 each), but comparable GLP-1, compared to healthy participants. Following insulin pump therapy, insulin secretion increased, GLP-1 secretion was attenuated, fasting and post-glucose glycaemia were lower, and GE was slowed (p < 0.05 each). The slowing of GE in T2D participants was sustained over 12-15 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In newly diagnosed Han Chinese with T2D, GE is often accelerated despite poor glycaemic control and is slowed by short-term insulin pump therapy. The effect on GE is maintained for at least 12 months.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Hipoglucemiantes , Sistemas de Infusión de Insulina , Insulina , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vaciamiento Gástrico/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , China , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/administración & dosificación , Péptido C/sangre , Secreción de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Pueblos del Este de Asia
3.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 26(8): 3119-3127, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38698649

RESUMEN

AIM: To evaluate sex differences in gastric emptying and the glycaemic response to a glucose drink and a high carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: In cohort 1, 70 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve Chinese patients with T2D (44 men) recruited from a diabetes outpatient clinic ingested a 75-g glucose drink containing 150 mg 13C-acetate. In cohort 2, 101 Australian patients with T2D (67 male) recruited from the community, managed by diet and/or metformin monotherapy, ingested a semi-solid mashed potato meal, labelled with 100 µl 13C-octanoic acid. Breath samples were collected over 3 and 4 h, respectively, for assessment of gastric emptying, and venous blood was sampled for evaluation of glycaemia (with and without adjustment for each participant's estimated total blood volume). RESULTS: Gastric emptying was slower in female than male subjects in both cohorts (both p < .01). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that gastric emptying was independently associated with sex (both p < .05). Without adjustment for blood volume, the glycaemic responses to oral glucose and the mixed meal were greater in female subjects (both p < .001). However, after adjustment for blood volume, the glycaemic responses were greater in men (both p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Gastric emptying is slower in women than men with T2D, associated with a reduced blood volume-adjusted glycaemic response to oral glucose and a mixed meal in women. These observations highlight the sex difference in postprandial glucose handling, which is relevant to the personalized management of postprandial glycaemia in T2D.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Periodo Posprandial , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Vaciamiento Gástrico/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/análisis , Factores Sexuales , Anciano , Australia/epidemiología , Adulto , Pruebas Respiratorias , Estudios de Cohortes , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Glucosa/metabolismo , China/epidemiología , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hiperglucemia
4.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 26(9): 3897-3905, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38951936

RESUMEN

AIM: To perform a direct, double-blind, randomised, crossover comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in hyperglycaemic subjects with type 2 diabetes naïve to GLP-1-based therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten fasted, hyperglycaemic subjects (1 female, age 63 ± 10 years [mean ± SD], glycated haemoglobin 73.5 ± 22.0 mmol/mol [8.9% ± 2.0%], both mean ± SD) received subcutaneous GLP-1 and intravenous saline, or intravenous GLP-1 and subcutaneous saline. Infusion rates were doubled every 120 min (1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 pmol·kg-1·min-1 for subcutaneous, and 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 pmol·kg-1·min-1 for intravenous). Plasma glucose, total and intact GLP-1, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated over 8 h. The results are presented as mean ± SEM. RESULTS: Plasma glucose decreased more with intravenous (by ~8.0 mmol/L [144 mg/dL]) than subcutaneous GLP-1 (by ~5.6 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]; p < 0.001). Plasma GLP-1 increased dose-dependently, but more with intravenous than subcutaneous for both total (∆max 154.2 ± 3.9 pmol/L vs. 85.1 ± 3.8 pmol/L; p < 0.001), and intact GLP-1 (∆max 44.2 ± 2.2 pmol/L vs. 12.8 ± 2.2 pmol/L; p < 0.001). Total and intact GLP-1 clearance was higher for subcutaneous than intravenous GLP-1 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The increase in insulin secretion was greater, and glucagon was suppressed more with intravenous GLP-1 (p < 0.05 each). Gastrointestinal symptoms did not differ (p > 0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous GLP-1 administration is much less efficient than intravenous GLP-1 in lowering fasting plasma glucose, with less stimulation of insulin and suppression of glucagon, and much less bioavailability, even at fourfold higher infusion rates.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Hiperglucemia , Hipoglucemiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Método Doble Ciego , Anciano , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Infusiones Intravenosas , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Glucagón/administración & dosificación , Glucagón/sangre , Péptido C/sangre
8.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; 214: 111769, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38971377

RESUMEN

Elevated fasting glucagon concentrations and/or attenuated postprandial glucagon suppression are characteristics of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and contribute to hyperglycaemia. This study shows that hyperglucagonaemia is more prominent in males than females after a nutrient load in T2D, adding insights into sex differences in relation to the pathophysiology of T2D.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Glucagón , Glucosa , Periodo Posprandial , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Glucagón/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glucosa/metabolismo , Periodo Posprandial/fisiología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/análisis , Caracteres Sexuales , Anciano , Factores Sexuales
9.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096914

RESUMEN

The availability of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) such as liraglutide and semaglutide, and a GLP-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide coagonist (tirzepatide) represents a paradigm shift in the management of both type 2 diabetes and obesity. There is now considerable attention, including in the public media, on the effect of both long-acting and short-acting GLP-1RAs to delay gastric emptying. Although slowed gastric emptying is integral to reducing post-prandial blood glucose responses in type 2 diabetes, marked slowing of gastric emptying might also increase the propensity for longer intragastric retention of food, with a consequent increased risk of aspiration at the time of surgery or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. This Personal View summarises current knowledge of the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1RAs on gastrointestinal physiology, particularly gastric emptying, and discusses the implications for the development of sound pre-operative or pre-procedural guidelines. The development of pre-procedural guidelines is currently compromised by the poor evidence base, particularly in relation to the effect of long-acting GLP-1RAs on gastric emptying. We suggest pre-procedural management pathways for individuals on GLP-1RA-based therapy and discuss priorities for future research.

10.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care ; 12(2)2024 Apr 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38575155

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: To use the 'gold standard' technique of scintigraphy to quantify gastric emptying (GE) as soon as practicable during an admission with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and following its resolution at least 7 days later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five patients with type 1 diabetes, age 29±12 years; Body Mass Index 23±3 kg/m2; hemoglobin A1c 11.3%±1.9%, were studied during an admission with DKA and following its resolution. Solid and liquid GE were measured using scintigraphy. Solid emptying was assessed via the percentage intragastric retention at 100 min and that of liquid by the 50% emptying time. RESULTS: There was no difference in either solid or liquid GE at the initial study compared with the follow-up. Median (IQR) solid retention was 47±20 versus 38%±33%, respectively; p=0.31, and time to empty 50% of liquid was 37±25 min versus 35±15 min, p=0.31, at the initial and follow-up GE study, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GE of solids and liquids is not affected by moderate DKA, inferring that earlier reintroduction of oral intake may be appropriate.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Cetoacidosis Diabética , Gastroparesia , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Hemoglobina Glucada
11.
Neurogastroenterol Motil ; : e14755, 2024 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38303121

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The herbal preparation, STW5-II, improves upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal fullness, early satiation, and epigastric pain, in patients with functional dyspepsia, and in preclinical models decreases fundic tone and increases antral contractility. The effects of STW5-II on esophago-gastric junction pressure, proximal gastric tone and antropyloroduodenal pressures, disturbances of which may contribute to symptoms associated with disorders of gut-brain interaction, including functional dyspepsia, in humans, have, hitherto, not been evaluated. METHODS: STW5-II or placebo (matched for color, aroma, and alcohol content) were each administered orally, at the recommended dose (20 drops), to healthy male and female volunteers (age: 27 ± 1 years) in a double-blind, randomized fashion, on two separate occasions, separated by 3-7 days, to evaluate effects on (i) esophago-gastric junction pressures following a standardized meal using solid-state high-resolution manometry (part 1, n = 16), (ii) proximal gastric volume using a barostat (part 2, n = 16), and (iii) antropyloroduodenal pressures assessed by high-resolution manometry (part 3, n = 18), for 120 min (part 1) or 180 min (parts 2, 3). KEY RESULTS: STW5-II increased maximum intrabag volume (ml; STW5-II: 340 ± 38, placebo: 251 ± 30; p = 0.007) and intrabag volume between t = 120 and 180 min (p = 0.011), and the motility index of antral pressure waves between t = 60 and 120 min (p = 0.032), but had no effect on esophago-gastric junction, pyloric, or duodenal pressures. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: STW5-II has marked region-specific effects on gastric motility in humans, which may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in functional dyspepsia.

12.
Nutr Diabetes ; 14(1): 13, 2024 04 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38589353

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gastric emptying (GE), with wide inter-individual but lesser intra-individual variations, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is uncertain whether GE of a carbohydrate-containing liquid meal is predictive of the glycaemic response to physiological meals, and whether antecedent hyperglycaemia influences GE in T2D. We evaluated the relationships of (i) the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals with GE of a 75 g glucose drink, and (ii) GE of a glucose drink with antecedent glycaemic control, in T2D. METHODS: Fifty-five treatment-naive Chinese adults with newly diagnosed T2D consumed standardised meals at breakfast, lunch and dinner with continuous interstitial glucose monitoring. On the subsequent day, a 75 g glucose drink containing 150 mg 13C-acetate was ingested to assess GE (breath test) and plasma glucose response. Serum fructosamine and HbA1c were also measured. RESULTS: Plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) within 2 hours after oral glucose was related inversely to the gastric half-emptying time (T50) (r = -0.34, P = 0.012). The iAUCs for interstitial glucose within 2 hours after breakfast (r = -0.34, P = 0.012) and dinner (r = -0.28, P = 0.040) were also related inversely to the T50 of oral glucose. The latter, however, was unrelated to antecedent fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour mean interstitial glucose, serum fructosamine, or HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: In newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, Chinese with T2D, GE of a 75 g glucose drink predicts the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals, but is not influenced by spontaneous short-, medium- or longer-term elevation in glycaemia.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Glucosa , Adulto , Humanos , Glucemia , Hemoglobina Glucada , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Control Glucémico , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Fructosamina , Comidas , Periodo Posprandial , Insulina , Estudios Cruzados
14.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr ; 48(3): 275-283, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38424664

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors have reduced oral intake; it is unknown whether intake and associated barriers are unique to this group. OBJECTIVE: To quantify energy intake and potential barriers in ICU survivors compared with general medical (GM) patients and healthy volunteers. DESIGN: A descriptive cohort study in ICU survivors, GM patients, and healthy volunteers. Following an overnight fast, participants consumed a 200 ml test-meal (213 kcal) and 180 min later an ad libitum meal to measure energy intake (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes; taste recognition, nutrition-impacting symptoms, malnutrition, and quality of life (QoL). Data are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range [IQR]) or number [percentage]). RESULTS: Twelve ICU survivors (57 ± 17 years, BMI: 30 ± 6), eight GM patients (69 ± 19 years, BMI: 30 ± 6), and 25 healthy volunteers (58 ± 27 years, BMI: 25 ± 4) were included. Recruitment ceased early because of slow recruitment and SARS-CoV-2. Energy intake was lower in both patient groups than in health (ICU: 289 [288, 809], GM: 426 [336, 592], health: 815 [654, 1165] kcal). Loss of appetite was most common (ICU: 78%, GM: 67%). For ICU survivors, GM patients and healthy volunteers, respectively, severe malnutrition prevalence; 40%, 14%, and 0%; taste identification; 8.5 [7.0, 11.0], 8.5 [7.0, 9.5], and 8.0 [6.0, 11.0]; and QoL; 60 [40-65], 50 [31-55], and 90 [81-95] out of 100. CONCLUSIONS: Energy intake at a buffet meal is lower in hospital patients than in healthy volunteers but similar between ICU survivors and GM patients. Appetite loss potentially contributes to reduced energy intake.


Asunto(s)
Desnutrición , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Estudios de Cohortes , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Ingestión de Energía , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Sobrevivientes
15.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 62(2): 193-198, mar.-abr. 2012. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-618204

RESUMEN

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As complicações anestésicas pós-operatórias menores podem aumentar o desconforto e a insatisfação do paciente e retardar sua recuperação. Este trabalho procurou determinar a frequência das complicações menores relatadas nas primeiras 48 horas do período pós-operatório por pacientes de cirurgias eletivas (ginecológicas e ortopédicas) no University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. A satisfação geral com os cuidados anestésicos e os possíveis fatores de risco para desenvolver complicações também foram avaliados. MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo e descritivo de coorte foi realizado por meio de entrevistas com pacientes operados 24 e 48 horas após a anestesia. Os dados foram analisados usando SPSS versão 12 e avaliados pelo teste do χ2-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 505 pacientes, sendo 374 do sexo feminino (74 por cento). A maioria era ASA I (55 por cento) ou ASA II (38 por cento) e foi submetida à anestesia geral (80 por cento). Um total de 419 (83 por cento) pacientes relataram pelo menos uma complicação pós-operatória. As complicações mais relatadas foram dor de garganta (44 por cento), náusea (30 por cento), vômito (24 por cento) e tromboflebite (20 por cento). A moda do Índice de Classificação Numérica Verbal (ICNV) para cada complicação variou entre 2 e 5, sugerindo que a maioria não causa desconforto grave. Idade inferior a 45 anos (OR 2,22, IC de 95 por cento 1,34-3,69, p = 0,002) e sexo feminino (OR 3,64, IC de 95 por cento 2,14-6,20, p < 0,001) foram identificados como variáveis independentes significativas. A maioria dos pacientes considerou sua experiência anestésica como excelente (51 por cento) ou muito boa (22 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou uma incidência relativamente alta de complicações menores pós-operatórias (83 por cento), mas baixa gravidade dos sintomas relatados e um alto grau de satisfação geral. Deve ser dada atenção especial à redução dessas complicações menores por meio de técnicas anestésicas mais meticulosas.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Minor postoperative anesthetic complications may increase patient discomfort and dissatisfaction and delay recovery. This paper sought to determine the frequency of minor complications in the first 48 hours postoperatively reported by elective gynecological and orthopedic surgical patients at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. Overall satisfaction with anesthetic care and possible risk factors for developing complications were also assessed. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive cohort study was undertaken with patient interviews 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 12 and assessed using the χ2-square test and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Five hundred and five (505) patients were included, with 374 females (74 percent). Most were ASA I (55 percent) or ASA II (38 percent) and had general anesthesia (80 percent). A total of 419 (83 percent) patients reported at least one complication postoperatively. The most frequently reported complications were sore throat (44 percent), nausea (30 percent), vomiting (24 percent), and thrombophlebitis (20 percent). The mode of the Verbal Numerical Rating Score (VNRS) for each complication ranged between 2 and 5, suggesting that most did not cause severe distress. Age less than 45 years (OR 2.22, 95 percent CI 1.34-3.69, p = 0.002) and female gender (OR 3.64, 95 percent CI 2.14-6.20, p < 0.001) were identified as significant independent variables. Most patients regarded their anesthetic experience as excellent (51 percent) or very good (22 percent). CONCLUSION: This study showed a comparatively high incidence of minor postoperative complications (83 percent), but low reported severity of symptoms and a high overall satisfaction rate. Special attention should be paid to reduce these minor complications through more meticulous anesthetic technique.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las complicaciones anestésicas postoperatorias menores pueden aumentar la incomodidad y la insatisfacción del paciente y retardar la recuperación. Este trabajo intentó determinar la frecuencia de las complicaciones menores relatadas en las primeras 48 horas del período postoperatorio por pacientes de cirugías electivas (ginecológicas y ortopédicas), en el University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. También se evaluaron, la satisfacción general con los cuidados anestésicos y los posibles factores de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones. MÉTODOS: Un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de cohorte fue realizado por medio de entrevistas con pacientes operados 24 y 48 horas después de la anestesia. Los datos fueron analizados usando SPSS versión 12 y evaluados por el test del χ2-cuadrado y modelos de regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 505 pacientes, siendo que 374 eran del sexo femenino (74 por ciento). La mayoría era ASA I (55 por ciento) o ASA II (38 por ciento) y se sometió a la anestesia general (80 por ciento). Un total de 419 (83 por ciento) pacientes relataron por lo menos una complicación postoperatoria. Las complicaciones más relatadas fueron el dolor de garganta (44 por ciento), náusea (30 por ciento), vómito (24 por ciento) y tromboflebitis (20 por ciento). La moda del Índice de Clasificación Numérica Verbal (ICNV), para cada complicación varió entre 2 y 5, lo que sugiere que la mayoría no causa una grave incomodidad. La edad inferior a 45 años (OR 2,22, IC de 95 por ciento 1,34-3,69, p = 0,002) y el sexo femenino (OR 3,64, IC de 95 por ciento 2,14-6,20, p < 0,001), fueron identificados como variables independentes significativas. La mayoría de los pacientes consideró su experiencia anestésica como excelente (51 por ciento) o muy buena (22 por ciento). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio mostró una incidencia relativamente alta de complicaciones menores postoperatorias (83 por ciento), pero con una baja gravedad de los síntomas relatados y un alto grado de satisfacción general. Debemos darle una atención especial a la reducción de esas complicaciones menores por medio de técnicas anestésicas más meticulosas.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Anestesia/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos , Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Jamaica , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
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