RESUMEN
Patients with schizophrenia, particularly those with positive symptoms show impaired verbal source monitoring. Specific cognitive deficits have been observed during both active and remission phases of the illness as well as in groups of unaffected first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. This type of schizophrenia vulnerability marker may precede the onset of frank psychotic symptoms and contribute to their developments. The aim of this study was first to determine if unaffected siblings were impaired in discriminate internal vs. external generated events when compared to their remitted schizophrenics relatives and healthy subjects. Performances of healthy subjects were then compared with results from previous studies with acute hallucinating patients, acute non-hallucinating patients and patients with resistant auditory verbal hallucinations. Compared with healthy subjects, unaffected siblings are impaired (effect size, ES=0.7), remitted or acute non-hallucinating patients are more impaired than siblings (ES=1.4); patients with verbal auditory hallucinations (acute or resistant) are even more impaired than non-hallucinating patients (ES=2.1). Our results suggest that a source monitoring deficit could be considered as an intermediate vulnerability marker of schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Atención , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Control Interno-Externo , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/genética , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Localización de Sonidos , Percepción del Habla , Adulto , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Pruebas Genéticas , Genotipo , Alucinaciones/diagnóstico , Alucinaciones/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Fenotipo , Prueba de Realidad , Valores de Referencia , HermanosRESUMEN
Summer birth has been associated with the deficit Schizophrenia syndrome, while DSM-IV schizophrenia is associated with winter birth. We confirm these monthly differences in a Tunisian sample of patients with schizophrenia, with a summer birth peak (n=34 deficit patients) and an expected winter birth peak (n=46 non-deficit patients).
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Estaciones del Año , Adulto , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Túnez/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Auditory hallucinations have been associated with a disruption in monitoring one's own speech suggesting an autonoetic agnosia in schizophrenia. This deficit can be measured by a source monitoring task. Low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulations (rTMS) applied to the left temporoparietal cortex can inhibit cortical areas involved both in autonoetic agnosia (which means 'the inability to identify self-generated mental events') and in auditory hallucinations (AH) phenomena. Although improvements in AH have been repeatedly reported following rTMS treatment, effects on autonoetic agnosia measured by source monitoring have never been investigated. We aimed to investigate the relation between improvements in AH and source monitoring performance after rTMS treatment. Twenty four right-handed refractory schizophrenic patients with hallucinations randomly received sham or active 10.0001-Hz rTMS to the left temporoparietal cortex and performed 2 source monitoring tasks requiring discrimination between silent- and overt-reading words before and after rTMS sessions. Compared to sham, active rTMS significantly improved AH. Source monitoring performances and the improvements tended to correlate, which would support a specific relation between autonoetic agnosia and auditory hallucinations.
Asunto(s)
Alucinaciones , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal/métodos , Adulto , Agnosia/diagnóstico , Agnosia/etiología , Femenino , Alucinaciones/diagnóstico , Alucinaciones/etiología , Alucinaciones/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Periodicidad , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
In two source memory tests, hallucinating patients with schizophrenia (N=30), compared to non-hallucinating (N=31), are impaired in recognizing internal self-generated items and misattribute them to an external event. They are not impaired in recognizing events from two internal sources. Results support a selective source-monitoring deficit in the occurrence of auditory hallucinations.
Asunto(s)
Alucinaciones/fisiopatología , Alucinaciones/psicología , Control Interno-Externo , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The skin situated in the interface between the body and the outside world, is a zone privileged by the interactions between the individual and the society. The objective of our work was to study the quality of life in dermatology, while elaborating a Tunisian version of the Skindex-29 scale. For that we questioned 60 patients, among them 20 are affected by psoriasis, 20 are affected by vitiligo and 20 are affected by onychomycosis. The evaluation of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire was satisfactory. The chronic dermatosis altered the quality of life of the patients. This deterioration touches by order descending the patients affected by psoriasis, vitiligo, and onychomycosis. The patients were particularly sensitive when uncovered zones were reached, particularly the face. These results are in conformity with the data of the literature relating to the subject. The validation of this version is necessary.