Comparison of MRI findings of hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic gliomas and craniopharyngiomas.

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis of hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic gliomas (HOCGs) and craniopharyngiomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be quite challenging. PURPOSE: To compare the MRI features of HOCGs and cranipharyngiomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with HOCG or craniopharyngioma in histopathological evaluation between 2012 and 2022 and who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced brain MRI were included. Various MRI features were retrospectively evaluated for each lesion: T2-weighted imaging and fluid attenuation inversion recovery hyperintensity, calcification, cystic change, T1-weighted (T1W) imaging hyperintensity of the cystic component, hemorrhage, involvement of sellar, suprasellar or other adjacent structures, lobulated appearance, presence of hydrocephalus, and contrast enhancement pattern. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were also evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Among 38 patients included, 13 (34%) had HOCG and 25 (66%) had craniopharyngioma. Craniopharyngiomas had a significantly higher rate of cystic changes, calcification, and T1W imaging hyperintensity of the cystic component than HOCGs (P <0.05). Of HOCGs, 92% had chiasm involvement, 23% had optic nerve involvement, and 31% had brain stem involvement. On the other hand, chiasm involvement was observed in 8% of craniopharyngiomas, but none had optic nerve and/or brain stem involvement (P <0.05). While 62% (8/13) of HOCGs had diffuse homogeneous enhancement, 80% (20/25) of craniopharyngiomas had a diffuse heterogeneous enhancement pattern. Mean ADC values were significantly higher in craniopharyngiomas compared to HOCGs (2.1 vs. 1.6 ×10-3mm2/s, P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Although some neuroimaging findings may overlap, features such as presence of cyst and calcification, brain stem and optic pathway involvement, different enhancement patterns, and ADC values may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of HOCGs and craniopharyngiomas.

Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection in a child diagnosed by high resolution vessel wall MRI.

Craniocervical dissection is one of the most common causes of stroke in children. Although the most common cause of dissection is trauma, spontaneous dissections in which no cause can be revealed may also occur. The diagnosis of this type of dissection in children can be challenging with the preferred non-invasive imaging methods (MRA, CTA). Intracranial vessel wall imaging is a promising novel method for identifying specific signs of dissection. We report an 11-year-old girl with spontaneous ICA dissection, whose diagnosis was confirmed by an MRI of the intracranial vessel wall. Vessel wall imaging has contributed substantially to the diagnosis and follow-up of this case.

Comparison of skeletal and dental effects of two different tooth-tissue-borne types of rapid maxillary expansion appliances: A CBCT retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the skeletal and dental effects of different types of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS/METHODS: This multi-centre study was conducted with a total of 56 patients. The sample consisted of two groups including the McNamara-Type RME (MNR) group with 30 patients (16 females, 14 males, mean age: 13.38 ± 1.16 years) and Full-Coverage RME (FCR) group with 26 patients (10 females, 16 males, mean age:13.78 ± 1.06 years). Twenty-one parameters were measured on CBCT images including 4 maxillary skeletal, 12 maxillary alveolar, and 5 maxillary dental measurements, and the data were analysed using the SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS: The rates of increase in the palatal maxillary width (PMW) (3), PMW(4), and PMW(6) were significantly higher in the MNR group (P < .05). While the rates of increase in the buccal maxillary width (BMW) (3) and BMW(4) were statistically higher in the MNR group, the rate of increase in BMW (6) was higher in the FCR group (P < .05). The increases in HPW (4), HPW (6), PAA4(°), and PAA6(°), which are parameters about hard palate width (HPW) and palatal alveolar angle (PAA), were also significantly higher in the MNR group (P < .05). The increases in PAW (4) and PAW (6), referring to the widths between the palatal root apices were significantly higher in the MNR group (P < .05).The increase in Slope-6(°) was also higher in the MNR group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Expansion in the palatal region on the alveolar level was higher in MNR than in FCR, while expansion in FCR was the highest in the posterior. In both appliances, there was tipping in the buccal direction in both alveolar bone and teeth, and the rate of this tipping was higher in MNR.

The diagnostic contribution of intracranial vessel wall imaging in the differentiation of primary angiitis of the central nervous system from other intracranial vasculopathies.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the diagnostic effect of VWI in differentiating PACNS from other vasculopathies and its role in post-treatment follow-up in PACNS patients in this study. METHODS: In this prospective study, we included patients with clinical suspicion of PACNS who presented with new-onset ischemic events and had significant intracranial large vessel stenosis on DSA or MRA. VWI was performed on all patients. The imaging findings and final diagnoses were recorded. Control VWI was performed on patients with PACNS diagnosis after at least 3 months of treatment, and the change in findings was also evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were included in the study had a median age of 40 (range 12-58). The most common clinical manifestations were focal neurologic deficits. According to the initial clinical evaluation, 10 patients (43.5%) were classified as PACNS and 13 patients (56.5%) as indeterminate for PACNS. After incorporating the VWI findings, the diagnosis of PACNS was confirmed in all clinically diagnosed PACNS patients. Concentric wall thickening and contrast enhancement were statistically significant in the PACNS group (p <0.001). According to concentric thickening and VWE features, sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing PACNS and other vasculopathies were 95.2%, 75% and 95.2%, 68.8%, respectively. Vessel wall enhancement regressed in 7 of 9 patients during a median follow-up period of 8 months (range 5.5-11.5) in PACNS patients who followed up. CONCLUSION: VWI seems a new and useful imaging method in the differential diagnosis of PACNS and might be a useful adjunct for post-treatment follow-up.

Low Back Pain in Operating Room Nurses and Its Associated Factors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of low back pain and the associated factors in operating room nurses. METHODS: The population of the descriptive study consists of 133 operating room nurses working in the operating rooms of five major hospitals located in Istanbul, and the study sample consists of 96 operating room nurses who are not on leave or sick leave between July-2016 to February 2017. Data were collected via a question form prepared by the researchers. RESULTS: It was determined that more than half of the operating room nurses forming the sample group had low back pain and that it is affected from the practices of operating room nurses during a shift, which may cause physical strain such as year of working as an operating room nurse, bending and staying in the same position for a long time, holding an instrument for a long time, rotational movement inadequate to body mechanics, lifting/carrying heavy medical items and pushing/pulling heavy medical equipment. CONCLUSION: Majority of operating room nurses had low back pain and it was associated with coercive movements during surgery.

Role of intensive care nurses on guiding patients' families/relatives to organ donation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the role of intensive care nurses on guiding the families/relatives of brain-death patients to organ donation. METHODS: This research is a descriptive study. While the population of the study consisted of 1710 nurses working in the intensive care units of public, private and university hospitals in the city of Istanbul, the sample consisted of 353 intensive care nurses selected with stratified random sampling method from the probability sampling methods from this population. The data were collected by using "Data Collection Form". RESULTS: It was determined that 74.5% of the intensive care nurses carefully listened the family/relatives of the patient with possible brain death or suffering from brain death and supported them to express their emotion and thoughts clearly; when the family/relatives of the patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit wanted to get information about organ donation, 20.7% of the nurses made the preliminary explanation themselves and then guided the patient to an organ transplant coordinator for detailed information and 3.1% of the nurses generally gave this information themselves. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the knowledge of the intensive care nurses about brain death and organ donation was partially adequate and the function of guiding the families/relatives of brain-death patients to organ donation was mostly done by the physician.

The diagnostic value of a globulin/platelet model for evaluating liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.

BACKGROUND: Liver biopsy, which is considered the best method for evaluating hepatic fibrosis, has important adverse events. Therefore, non-invasive tests have been developed to determine the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. AIM: To verify the usefulness of a new fibrosis index the globulin/platelet model in patients with chronic hepatitis B and to compare it with other noninvasive tests for predicting significant fibrosis. This study was the second to evaluate the globulin/platelet model in HBV patients. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 228 patients with chronic hepatitis B who performed liver biopsy from 2013 to 2014. The globulin/platelet model, APGA [AST/Platelet/Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/Alfa-fetoprotein], FIB4, fibrosis index, cirrhosis discriminate score, and Fibro-quotient were calculated, and the diagnostic accuracies of all of the fibrosis indices were compared between the F0-2 (no-mild fibrosis) and F3-6 (significant fibrosis) groups. RESULTS: All of the noninvasive markers were significantly correlated with the stage of liver fibrosis (p < 0,001). To predict significant fibrosis (F ≥ 3), the area under the curve (95% CI) was found to be greatest for APGA (0.83 [0.74-0.86]), followed by FIB-4 (0.75[0.69-0.80]), the globulin/platelet model (0.74 [0.68-0.79]), fibrosis index (0.72 [0.6-0.78], cirrhosis discriminate score (0.71 [0.64-0.76]) and Fibro-quotient (0.62 [0.55-0.7]). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of APGA was significantly higher than that of the other noninvasive fibrosis markers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While the APGA index was found to be the most valuable test for the prediction significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B, GP model was the thirth valuable test. Therefore, we recommended that APGA could be used instead of the GP model for prediction liver fibrosis.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Radial Artery Intima Media Thickness and Complications at the Intervention Site After Radial Angiography.

The present study investigated the relationship between pre-procedural radial intima-media thickness (rIMT) and radial artery thrombosis (RAO) in patients undergoing angiography using a transradial approach (TRA). Patients (n = 90) who underwent cerebral or peripheral arterial angiography using TRA were included in the study. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed before and 12 h after the procedure. Preoperative rIMT measurement was performed at the distal radial artery. Presence of radial artery occlusion was evaluated by ultrasonography after radial catheterization and revealed occlusive thrombus in the radial artery in 13 patients. rIMT was found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with thrombus (P < .05). When it was evaluated whether there was a correlation between age and rIMT, a positive significant correlation was found (P < .01). Our study suggests that increase of rIMT may be a risk factor for RAO in the intervention area. Before the procedure, ultrasound (US) assessment of the radial artery may be useful in determining the risk of occlusion. Thus, RAO-related technical risk factors (procedure time, number of punctures, sheath thickness, etc.) can be managed more carefully in patients having radial angiography.

Mean platelet volume in biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It has been shown that NAFLD has a strong association with metabolic syndrome and its component like insulin resistance (IR). Cardiovascular disease has a relation with NAFLD. Platelet volume is an indicator of platelet function and activation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been reported as a risk factor for atherothrombosis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relation of MPV with NAFLD and IR in the NAFLD patients. A total of 54 patients with histologically proven NAFLD and 41 healthy age-matched control subject were enrolled in this study. The NAFLD subjects were divided into two subgroups: 42 patients in the insulin resistant group (median age 39.5, females 22 [52%]) and 12 patients in the insulin sensitive group (median age 38, females 5 [41.7%]). MPV were significantly higher in the NAFLD group in univariate analysis (p < 0.05). In the NAFLD patients, we did not find any relation between steatosis grade, lobular inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, NAFLD activity score and fibrosis with MPV value. Among the insulin resistant and sensitive groups in the NAFLD patients MPV values were similar. The results of this study showed that MPV, an indicator of platelet activation, increased in biopsy proven NAFLD patients but MPV is not correlated with the increase of IR in NAFLD patients. MPV is not related with inflammation and steatosis degree, hepatocellular ballooning and fibrosis in NAFLD patients.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Kayseri region, in Turkey: unexpected rate of genotype 4.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic liver disease. There are six genotypes and more than 80 subtypes of HCV. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in Middle Anatolia in Turkey, and the association of HCV genotypes with pre-treatment HCV RNA viral load, serum transaminase levels, and histopathological grade of liver fibrosis. METHODS: A total of 160 patients (103 female, 57 male) with chronic hepatitis C were retrospectively evaluated. HCV RNA level was determined by commercial real time PCR method. HCV RNA positive sera were genotyped by the Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II assay and sequenced by the ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer. Gender, age, serum ALT, AST, HCV RNA viral load, and fibrosis staging of liver were determined in all patients. RESULTS: Genotype 1b was the most frequent (64.7%) followed by genotype 4d (28.3%), 2 (4.4%), and la (2.5%). The HCV genotype results were found consistent with both methods. The gender distribution of the 160 HCV infected patients was 57 male/103 female. Log HCVRNA was significantly higher in genotype 1b compared to genotype 4 and 1a. Stage of liver fibrosis, histology activity index, serum ALT and AST levels did not differ between groups depending on genotypes. Advanced liver fibrosis (Group 2) was found in 36 (76.6%) patients with genotype 1b and in 10 (21.3%) patients with genotype 4 and only in 1 patient (2.1%) with genotype 1a. CONCLUSIONS: HCV genotype 1b is the most frequent type (64.7%) in this region. Prevalence of genotype 4 in this region is higher than the national HCV genotype distribution. Serum transaminase levels and liver fibrosis scores are not associated with HCV genotypes.

An acute edematous pancreatitis case developed on the basis of hypertriglyceridemia.

Hypertriglyceridemia is an important and under-diagnosed etiology of acute non-biliary pancreatitis. There has been no standardized protocol to treat these patients. Our patient is a case of an uncontrolled diabetes mellitus using oral antidiabetic and fenofibrate with a history of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient was performed a treatment protocol consisting a combination of insulin and heparin for to stimulate lipoprotein-lipase activity. All the values of the patient recovered at the end of the treatment. Our goal is to present a case of acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia, differential diagnosis and treatment approach.

Evaluation of temporomandibular disorders, quality of life, and oral habits among dentistry students.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate temporomandibular disorders (TMD), quality of life, and oral habits in dentistry students. METHODS: The study was performed with 480 students (287 females, 193 males). The Fonseca Questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) were used. RESULTS: The mean scores of the fifth-year students from Fonseca TMD, OHIP-14, and OBC were statistically significantly higher than those of the students in other years of study. The mean Fonseca score of female students was higher than those of the males. There was a statistically significant difference regarding the OHIP-14 scores based on the Fonseca TMD scores. A statistically significant difference regarding OBC was present based on the Fonseca TMD scores. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TMDs was higher among the senior dentistry students. Necessary measures should be taken in the dentistry educational system to raise students' quality of life, improve joint disorders, and eliminate current oral habits.

Investigation of the relationship between maxillary dimensions and labial and palatal maxillary impacted canines using cone beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the maxillary dimensions of individuals with labial and palatal bilateral maxillary canine impaction and a control group of individuals with no impaction using CBCT. METHODS: 45 patients were included in the study with age range of 13 to 18 and consisted of 22 females and 23 males. The sample included three groups of 15 patients as the control, labial and palatal group. The measurements made on the axial and coronal planes were made on the levels of the 1st premolar and the 1st molar. Also nasal cavity and anteroposterior depth were measured. RESULTS: The maxillary anteroposterior depth, basal first molar width, alveolar first molar and premolar width and first molar palatal vault depth of the control group were significantly higher than labial and palatal groups (p<0.05).The basal first premolar width of the control group was significantly higher than palatal group (p<0.05). The first premolar palatal vault depth and nasal cavity width of the palatal group were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The basal and alveolar widths associated with the molars and the palatal depths were lower in the impacted group than control group. The anatomical structures in the female patients were affected by the position of impaction to a higher extent in comparison to the anatomical structures in the male patients.

Evaluation of pharyngeal airway dimensions and cephalometric changes after premolar extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatment in adolescent and adult patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of premolar extraction and non-extraction for orthodontic treatment on the skeletal, dentoalveolar and pharyngeal airway. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was carried out with the radiographs of a total of 130 patients at the ages of 14 to 25, including 59 male and 71 female patients. The cases were divided into two groups as the "extraction" group(2 upper premolar teeth) (n = 66) and the "non extraction" group (n = 64). RESULTS: Extraction Group:In both age groups, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean interincisal angle (U1xL1) and lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) values(p < 0.05). In the 14-18 age group, there was a significant increase in the mean upper airway thickness, inferior airway space, hyoid position, soft palate length(PNSP) and upper pharynx values(p < 0.05). In both sexes, while the mean U1xL1 and ANS-Me values significantly increased, the mean upper incisors inclination values decreased significantly(p < 0.05). Non Extraction Group:In both age groups, the mean ANS-Me values increased significantly from T0 to T1(p < 0.05). In the 14-18 age group, the increase in the mean upper adenoid thickness, tongue length,PNSP, softpalate thickness and vertical airway length values was significant(p < 0.05). In the male patients, the mean U1xL1 value decreased significantly(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The premolar teeth extraction performed in the patients receiving orthodontic treatment did not affect airway dimensions to a high extent.It was determined that the position of the hyoid bone and tongue length was not affected in the patients with premolar extraction and non extraction.

Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging findings following flow diversion in patients with complex middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: a single-center analysis regarding the jailed cortical branches.

BACKGROUND: Flow diverter (FD) devices provide a safe and effective treatment option especially for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. One of the main concerns in patients treated with FD devices is patency of arterial branches jailed by the stent. However, there are no long-term data from magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) studies regarding jailed branches. In this study we aimed to reveal the MRP findings in patients with jailed middle cerebral artery (MCA) cortical branches during long-term follow-up after flow diversion. METHODS: Patients who underwent FD stent treatment for MCA aneurysms with a resulting jailed cortical branch were included. Follow-up clinical, angiographic, and MRP examination findings were recorded. Different MRP parameters were measured in the MCA territory regarding the jailed branches. RESULTS: Eighteen patients treated endovascularly with flow diversion for a total of 20 MCA aneurysms were included. At angiographic follow-up (median 35 months, range 7-95 months) complete occlusion was observed in 13 (65%) aneurysms and partial occlusion was observed in 6 (30%). The mean transit time (MTT) prolongation, MTT ratio, time-to peak (TTP) prolongation, and TTP ratio were 1.34, 1.20, 1.18, and 1.06 s, respectively, when compared with the contralateral side in the MCA territory. MTT, TTP, and cerebral blood volume values of the patients showed statistically significant differences compared with the contralateral side (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Flow diversion treatment of complex bifurcation aneurysms can be effective and safe. MRP examination may reveal perfusion changes in the territory vascularized via a jailed branch, and these changes are rarely accompanied by clinical findings.

Comparison of the bond strength of five different composites used in the production of clear aligner attachments.

AIM: The aims of this study were to measure and compare shear bond strength (SBS) and manipulation time (MT) among five different composite resins (CR; two flowable and three highly viscous) which are used in the production of clear aligner attachments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This in vitro experiment study comprised of 150 extracted premolars which were divided into 5 equal groups. Predictor variables were CRs; Tetric Evo Ceram (Ivoclar VivadentAG, Liechtenstein) (Group 1), Tetric NCeram; (Ivoclar VivadentAG, Liechtenstein) (Group 2), Tetric N-Flow (GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan) (Group 3), G-aenial Universal Injectable (GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan) (Group 4), GC Aligner Connect (GC Dental Products, Tokyo, Japan) (Group 5), respectively. Outcome variables were; SBS and MT for each CR attachment in each group of teeth. Oneway ANOVA was used to compare the groups. Levene's test was used to determine variance homogeneity. In terms of variance homogeneity, Bonferroni tests were used as a post-hoc test for multiple group comparisons. RESULTS: SBS was statistically different between study groups (p < 0.001). Average SBS values ​​are found to be 16.6 ± 3.6 MPa for Tetric Evo Ceram; 20.7 ± 5.4 MPa for Tetric NCeram; 21.0 ± 4.0 MPa for Tetric N-Flow; 18.9 ± 5.0 MPa for G-aenial Universal Injectable; and 17.4 ± 3.5 MPa for GC Aligner Connect. The values ​​in the Tetric Evo Ceram group were significantly lower than the Tetric N-Ceram group (p = 0.004) and the Tetric N-Flow group (p = 0.001). Mean value of shear bond strength in the GC Aligner connect group were significantly lower than in the Tetric N-Ceram group (p = 0.047) and in the Tetric N-Flow group (p = 0.017). Flowable composite had a significantly shorter manipulation time than the high viscous one; mean 1,08 ± 0,22 min to mean 4,57 ± 0,51 min, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although SBSs of CRs tested in the study was found to be statistically different, they all quite exceeded the accepted clinically sufficient value of 6-8 MPa. Besides, flowable composite required substantially less time to manipulate than the high viscosity composite.

Efficacy of Dural Sinus Quantitative Measurements in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension : A Practical Diagnostic Feature.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of quantitative measurements of dural venous sinuses to the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and the relationship between IIH and dural venous sinus dimensions on 3D post-gadolinium T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 129 individuals (57 IIH patients and 72 controls) who complained of headache and underwent both magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and precontrast/postcontrast 3D T1-weighted MR imaging between 2018 and 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Dural venous sinus and jugular vein diameters were measured in all cases using post-gadolinium 3D T1 TFE images. The presence of transverse sinus (TS) hypoplasia and occipital sinus variation, the number and size of arachnoid granulations in the TS, and the presence of brain parenchymal herniation were also evaluated. Cut-off values that maximized accurate diagnosis of IIH were established on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of IIH based on quantitative measurements of the dural sinus were calculated. RESULTS: The ratios of the maximum to minimum TS diameters and the minimum TS diameters to minimum sigmoid sinus (SS) diameters were significantly higher in IIH patients than in the control group (p < 0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values of TSmax/TSmin and TSmin sum/SSmin sum parameters for the detection of IIH were 84.2%, 84.7% and 83.3%, 84.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Practical measurements from multiplanar T1 sequences can be useful for both quantitative assessment and overcoming misinterpretation due to anatomical variation.

Investigation of genome instability in exfoliated colonic epithelial cells and in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of patients with ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In addition, we assessed MN frequency in exfoliated colonic epithelial cells obtained from both the diseased and healthy colonic mucosa of patients. DESIGN: The study was conducted in 22 newly diagnosed patients with UC and in 22 healthy controls. MN, NPB and NBUD values scored in binucleated (BN) cells were obtained from the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of patients and control subjects. In addition, the MN values in exfoliated epithelial cells obtained from the diseased and healthy colonic mucosa of patients were evaluated. RESULTS: We found significantly higher MN, NPB and NBUD frequencies in the BN cells of patients with UC than in those of the control subjects (1.61 ± 0.75 vs. 0.89 ± 0.29, 3.93 ± 1.91 vs. 1.39 ± 1.10, and 1.55 ± 0.89 vs. 0.64 ± 0.48, p = 0.001). Also, a statistically significant difference was found between MN frequencies obtained from the diseased and healthy colonic mucosa of patients (1.07 ± 0.46 vs. 0.59 ± 0.21, p = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between age and MN frequency in patients with UC (r = 0.076, p = 0.735). CONCLUSION: Increased MN, NPB and NBUD frequencies observed in both the lymphocytes and exfoliated colonic epithelial cells obtained from patients with UC may reflect genomic instability.

Evaluation of temporomandibular disorder symptoms and oral health-related quality of life in adolescent orthodontic patients with different dental malocclusions.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adolescent orthodontic patients with different dental malocclusions and to assess the relationship between oral health-related quality of life.Methods: This study was carried out on 648 randomly selected individuals 14-19 years of age. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), Fonseca Questionnaire, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) forms were used.Results: The GCPS, TMD Pain, Fonseca, OHIP-14, PHQ-9, GAD-7, OBC, and PHQ-15 mean scores of female participants were statistically significantly higher than males (p < 0.05).There was a significant difference among the malocclusion groups in terms of their mean scores in GCPS, Fonseca, and OHIP-14 (p < 0.05).The age values and JFLS, TMD Pain, Fonseca, OHIP-14, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PHQ-15 were statistically significant correlations in the positive direction.Conclusion: The DC/TMD form allows both a physical assessment of Axis I and II that examines psychosocial status and pain-related disorders and a more comprehensive assessment. The mean OHIP-14 and Fonseca questionnaire scores of Class III groups were found to be significantly higher.

Intergenerational transmission of psychological trauma: A structural neuroimaging study.

Traumatic events have an important effect in human life and may lead to psychopathological disturbances by affecting the personal and social lives of individuals. Recently, various studies have been reported in the literature showing that the traumatic experiences may be associated with intergenerational psychopathologies. However, there is limited data regarding the neuroimaging studies investigating changes in brain structures in children of traumatized mothers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential changes in the hippocampus and amygdala volumes in the children of mothers exposed to mass trauma. The traumatic event experienced by the mothers was the two devastating earthquakes they experienced when they were teenagers. Hippocampus and amygdala volumes were evaluated in magnetic resonance imaging of 40 children whose mothers were exposed to earthquakes and 27 children in control group. Bilateral amygdala volumes were significantly smaller in the children of mothers exposed to earthquake compared to the control group. In addition, right amygdala and hippocampus volumes were smaller in children of mothers exposed to earthquakes than left. This is one of the pioneering neuroimaging studies on the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Our study shows that there may be a potential relationship between intergenerational trauma and various brain structures.