RESUMEN
The lipophylic extract from a Black Sea bacterium, associated with the sponge Dysidea fragilis, was investigated. Saturated hydrocarbons and fatty acids of the lipids were identified. The concentrations of the polycyclic compounds appeared to be negligible. The main components appeared to be phosphatidyl ethanolamine, followed by phosphatidyl serine. The first was investigated by FAB mass spectrometry and a series of molecular species partially identified.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Poríferos/metabolismo , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Animales , Etanolaminas/metabolismo , SimbiosisRESUMEN
The fatty acid composition of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri and of two bacterial strains found within the tunicate, namely Vibrio parahaemolyticus and of an associated but previously unreported gram positive cocci were studied. The polyunsaturated fatty acids 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid were particularly abundant in B. schlosseri and were not detected in the two bacterial strains found in the tunicate. The iso/anteiso pair, 13-methyltetradecanoic acid and 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, were the principal fatty acids in the gram positive cocci, and the 9- and 11-hexadecenoic acids were particularly abundant in V. parahaemolyticus. The diunsaturated fatty acid 9,12-octadecadienoic acid was also shown to be present in V. parahaemolyticus. The fatty acid composition of a third bacterial strain, characterized as either a Pseudomonas or an Alteromonas species, and shown to be present only in the sea water from the Black Sea and not in B. schlosseri, is also reported. This is the first investigation on fatty acids from Black Sea bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Cocos Grampositivos/metabolismo , Urocordados/metabolismo , Urocordados/microbiología , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/metabolismo , Animales , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismoRESUMEN
The fatty acid composition of a new strain of Vibrio alginolyticus, found in the alga Cladophora coelothrix, was studied. Among 38 different fatty acids, a new fatty acid, 9-methyl-10-hexadecenoic acid and the unusual 11-methyl-12-octadecenoic acid, were identified. Linear alkylbenzene fatty acids, such as 10-phenyldecanoic acid, 12-phenyldodecanoic acid and 14-phenyltetradecanoic acid, were also found in V. alginolyticus. The alga contained 43% saturated fatty acids, and 28% C16-C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 families.
Asunto(s)
Chlorophyta/microbiología , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Vibrio/química , Chlorophyta/química , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
Propolis samples from different geographic origins were investigated for their antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), antifungal (against Candida albicans) and antiviral (against Avian influenza virus) activities. All samples were active against the fungal and Gram-positive bacterial test strains, and most showed antiviral activity. The activities of all samples were similar in spite of the differences in their chemical composition. In samples from the temperate zone, flavonoids and esters of phenolic acids are known to be responsible for the above mentioned activities of bee glue; tropical samples did not contain such substances but showed similar activities. Obviously, in different samples, different substance combinations are essential for the biological activity of the bee glue. It seems that propolis has general pharmacological value as a natural mixture and not as a source of new powerful antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral compounds.
Asunto(s)
Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/toxicidad , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Embrión de Pollo , Fibroblastos/virología , Flavonoides/análisis , Fenoles/análisisRESUMEN
Three ent-kaurene diterpenoids, not previously described as constituents of propolis, were isolated from a sample collected by Brazilian native bees Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. One of them, kaurenoic acid, as well as the total extract, displayed moderate antibacterial activity.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Abejas , Diterpenos/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Twenty-one propolis samples produced by 12 different Meliponinae species were analyzed by GC-MS. Several chemical types of stingless bees' propolis could be grouped, according to the prevailing type of compounds like: 'gallic acid", "diterpenic" and "triterpenic" types. The results confirm that neither the bee species nor the geographical location determine the chemical composition of Meliponinae propolis and the choice of its plant source, respectively. This could be explained by the fact that Meliponinae forage over short distances (maximum 500 m) and thus use as propolis source the first plant exudate they encounter during their flights. The antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of the samples were also investigated. Most samples had weak or no activity against E. coli, weak action against Candida albicans. Some of them showed significant activity against St. aureus., presumably connected to the high concentration of diterpenic acids. Samples rich in diterpenic acids possessed also high cytotoxic activity (Artemia salina test).
Asunto(s)
Abejas , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/química , Própolis/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Brasil , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Diterpenos/análisis , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Especificidad de la Especie , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Triterpenos/análisisRESUMEN
Four samples of Brazilian propolis were investigated by GC/MS of different fractions. 32 volatile compounds, (10 of them new for propolis), as well as 12 more polar compounds (one of them new for propolis) were identified. Antibacterial activity was found in some propolis fractions.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Própolis/química , Própolis/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Aldehídos/análisis , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Abejas , Ácidos Carboxílicos/análisis , Ésteres/análisis , Hidrocarburos/análisis , Cetonas/análisis , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Terpenos/análisisRESUMEN
The chemical composition of propolis from Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece and Algeria was investigated by GC-MS. All of them contained mainly flavonoids and esters of caffeic and ferulic acids, which indicated that their main source are buds of poplars of the taxonomic section Aegieros. Some Turkish samples contained a low percent of diterpenic acids, while in Algerian samples significant amounts of a hydroxyditerpenic acid (M=322, its structure not determined by its MS) were found. All samples showed significant antibacterial and weak to moderate antifungal activity.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/química , Própolis/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Argelia , Animales , Abejas , Bulgaria , Carbohidratos/análisis , Ácidos Carboxílicos/análisis , Cycadopsida , Diterpenos/análisis , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ésteres/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Grecia , Región Mediterránea , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Árboles , TurquíaRESUMEN
Four labdane-type diterpenic acids and syringaldehyde were isolated and identified from Brazilian propolis. All the compounds exhibit antibacterial activity. The diterpenes, found for the first time in propolis, are typical for some Araucaria species and thus indicate a possible plant source of Brazilian propolis.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas , Própolis , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Abejas , Brasil , Diterpenos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Seven xanthanolides were identified in the extract of X. italicum leaves. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were found for the total extract and its major constituents xanthinin and xanthatin.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Furanos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas/química , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Antivirales/toxicidad , Furanos/química , Furanos/toxicidad , Herpesvirus Suido 1/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Propolis and plant secretions from three species, most frequently mentioned as botanical sources of the bee glue in Brazil (Baccharis dracunculifolia, Araucaria angustifolia and Eucalyptus citriodora) have been investigated using GC-MS. Based on chemical evidence, B. dracunculifolia was shown to be the main propolis source in São Paulo state. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of all four materials were also tested, the most active being propolis and Baccharis leaf exudate.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/química , Abejas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas/química , Própolis/química , Animales , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Brasil , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Eucalyptus/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Plantas Medicinales , Especificidad de la Especie , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Leaf exudates from 39 species, belonging to 26 genera of Lamiaceae, have been isolated and their antibacterial and antiviral activity investigated. Some of the active compounds (ursolic acid, siderol and nepetalactone) were isolated and identified, most of them for the first time in the investigated plants. Some chemotaxonomic conclusions were drawn.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bulgaria , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Virus/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Piranos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Cladosporium/efectos de los fármacos , Cumarinas , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/farmacología , Iridoides , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Piranos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A novel tripeptide, 1, was isolated from the extracellular extract of a Pseudomonas-Alteromonas bacterium that was associated with the Black Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis. Compound 1 contains the novel beta-aminopimelic acid described for the first time from a natural product. The structure of 1 is suggested on the basis of the analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical degradation.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/química , Oligopéptidos/aislamiento & purificación , Poríferos/microbiología , Pseudomonas/química , Aminoácidos/química , Animales , Oligopéptidos/químicaRESUMEN
Pyelonephritis was produced in 75 white rats by applying a 24-hour ligature on the ureter and by intravenous injection of a suspension of 5X10(9) cells of a stable Proteus mirabilis L-form. Pyelonephritis was proved microscopically in 44% of the animals. The revertants of the introduced L-form play an etiological role in the development of the infection. The stability of the pathohistological findings makes this model suitable for the purpose of experimental chemotherapy.