Ultrafast Synthesis of Transition Metal Phosphides in Air via Pulsed Laser Shock.

Transition metal phosphide nanoparticles (TMP NPs) represent a promising class of nanomaterials in the field of energy; however, a universal, time-saving, energy-efficient, and scalable synthesis method is currently lacking. Here, a facile synthesis approach is first introduced using a pulsed laser shock (PLS) process mediated by metal-organic frameworks, free of any inert gas protection, enabling the synthesis of diverse TMP NPs. Additionally, through thermodynamic calculations and experimental validation, the phase selection and competition behavior between phosphorus and oxygen have been elucidated, dictated by the redox potential and electronegativity. The resulting composites exhibit a balanced performance and extended durability. When employed as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, the as-constructed electrolyzer achieves a low cell voltage of 1.54 V at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. This laser method for phosphide synthesis provides clear guidelines and holds potential for the preparation of nanomaterials applicable in catalysis, energy storage, biosensors, and other fields.

An Ultra-Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing ZrB2-Based Ceramic Composite Inspired by Barbule of Peacock.

Broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing ceramic materials are highly required for the thermal parts of aerocraft. As members of ultrahigh temperature ceramics, ZrB2-based ceramics have great potential for applications in more extreme environments relative to the currently used silicon-based and oxide-based ceramics. However, ZrB2 is not among the traditional EMW absorbing material candidates due to its high conductivity, which induces the strong reflection of EMW due to the impedance mismatch with free space. Herein, ZrB2-based ceramic with a bionic microstructure inspired by peacock barbules is proposed. Boron nitride nanotubes acting as polarization centers inside the ZrB2-based material cause massive EMW dissipation. The ceramic shows an ultra-broadband absorption of 9.6 GHz (<-10 dB from 8.4 to 18 GHz), almost covering the entire X and Ku bands, superior to the reported ceramics. The polarization centers successfully turn the ZrB2-based ceramic from EMW reflecting material to an excellent EMW absorbing material by the bionic barbule interspersed microstructure. The simulated metamaterial of the ceramic achieves an ultra-broad absorption (lower than -15 dB) in the range of 2-40 GHz. This work provides valuable insights for the development of broadband absorption material for high-temperature environments.

All Si3 N4 Nanowires Membrane Based High-Performance Flexible Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor.

Recently, much attention has been drawn in the development of flexible energy storage devices due to the increasing demands for flexible/portable electronic devices with high energy density, low weight, and good flexibility. Herein, vertically oriented graphene nanosheets (VGNs) are in situ fabricated on the surface of free-standing and flexible Si3 N4 nanowires (NWs) membrane by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which are directly used as flexible nanoscale conductive substrates. NiCo2 O4 hollow nanospheres (HSs) and FeOOH amorphous nanorods (NRs) are finally prepared on Si3 N4NWs @VGNs, which are served as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Profiting from the structural merits, the synthesized Si3 N4NWs @VGNs@NiCo2 O4HSs and Si3 N4NWs @VGNs@FeOOHNRs membrane electrodes exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance. Using Si3 N4NWs membrane as the separator, the assembled all Si3 N4NWs membrane-based flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with a wide operating potential window of 1.8 V yields the outstanding energy density of 96.3 Wh kg-1 , excellent cycling performance (91.7% after 6000 cycles), and good mechanical flexibility. More importantly, this work provides a rational design strategy for the preparation of flexible electrode materials and broadens the applications of Si3 N4NWs in the field of energy storage.

Optical Spectroscopy of Single Colloidal CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanoplatelets.

Optically bright lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of different morphologies ranging from nanocubes to flat nanoplatelets to elongated nanowires have been reported. The morphology of the nanocrystals is expected to affect various properties such as the band edge energy and the electron-hole exchange interaction. However, aside from nanocubes, the investigation of optical properties in the lead halide perovskite nanocrystals of different morphologies at the single emitter level has been lacking. We have performed optical spectroscopy in single CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets and observed single photon emission without blinking. Furthermore, the photoluminescence emission exhibits excitonic fine structure peaks similar to what has been previously observed in nanocubes. Our work stimulates further investigations into the excitonic and quantum optics properties when the lateral size and morphology can be further controlled in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals.

Density functional theory study on adsorption of L-cysteine by Y, Zr, Nb, Mo-doped graphenes.

The adsorption properties of l-cysteine (L-cys) on [Kr] 4d1-4 (Y-Mo) doped graphenes with single and double vacancies are studied using density functional theory calculations with dispersion correction. The results showed that Y, Zr, Nb and Mo doped single-vacancy and double-vacancy graphenes show chemical adsorption characteristics towards L-cys. For the respective S, O and N-end adsorption, the binding strengths of L-cys on XSVs decrease from Y to Nb, and then increase. The binding strengths of L-cys on XDVs have no regular trend. Nb-doped graphene exhibits the most stable adsorption characteristics in the [Kr] 4d1-4 element series, which is independent of the vacancy type. Zr-doped single and double vacancy graphene sensors have higher sensitivity than Y, Nb, Mo.

Al-based metal organic framework derived self-assembled carbon nanosheets as innovative anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries.

Functional modification and structural design of carbon electrode materials are considered as a cost-effective method to improve their electrochemical performance. In this study, a solvothermal method is applied to realize self-assembly of the metal-organic framework. After simple carbonization and acid treatment, carbon nanosheets with 2D adjustable defective sub-units are successfully prepared for the first time. It is found that carbonization temperature has a significant effect on the carbon skeleton structure. The optimal nanostructures with large specific surface area and appropriate pore size distribution make self-assembled carbon nanosheets having excellent Li/Na-ion storage properties. In addition, the adjustable carbon skeleton structure can effectively avoid irreversible damage when charge-discharge cycles. For Li-ion batteries, a specific capacity of 825 mAh g-1 is achieved after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1, while for Na-ion batteries a specific capacity of 193 mAh g-1 is observed after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1. Moreover, for Na-ion batteries, even at a high rate of 1000 mA g-1 the material delivers a specific capacity of 109.5 mAh g-1 after 3500 cycles.

Serum uric acid and incident atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

The exposure-effect association between serum uric acid and atrial fibrillationis not well known. We conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively examine the exposure-effect relationship between serum uric acid and atrial fibrillation. Prospective studies (including cohort or nested case-control) that reported the serum uric acid and atrial fibrillation were identified through electronic searches using EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library database. The exposure-effect analysis was performed using a stage robust error meta-regression. Eleven studies were included, with a total of 6831 cases of atrial fibrillation among 527 908 individuals. Both the highest (risk ratio (RR), 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.64-2.23; I2  = 0%) and intermediate (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.16-1.59; I2  = 36%) level of serum uric acid were associated with increased risks of atrial fibrillation compared to the patients with the lowest level of serum uric acid. In the exposure-effect analysis, for each 1 mg/dL increase in serum uric acid level, the incidence of atrial fibrillation increased by 21% (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32; I2  = 78%). Furthermore, a significant positive linear relationship between serum uric acid and the risk of atrial fibrillation, Pnonlinearity  = 0.47 was found. The exposure-effect analysis demonstrated that serum uric acid over 5.0 mg/dL significantly increased the risk of atrial fibrillation. There was a positive linear association between serum uric acid and risk of atrial fibrillation, both in subjects with noruricaemia and hyperuricaemia. More studies are needed to explore the impact of serum uric acid reduction on the incidence of atrial fibrillation.

Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Developed Porous Structure and Retained N Doping for Facilitated Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Development of highly porous carbons with abundant surface functionalities and well-defined nanostructure is of significance for many important electrochemical energy storage systems. However, porous carbons suffer from a compromise between porosity, doped functionality, and nanostructure that have thus far restricted their performances. Here, we report the design of highly porous, nitrogen-enriched hollow carbon nanospheres (PN-HCNs) by an interfacial copolymerization strategy followed by NH3-assisted carbonization, and further demonstrate their significance and effectiveness in enhancing the electrochemical performances. The PN-HCN simultaneously delivers a large surface area (1237 m2 g-1) and high N functionalities (6.25 atom %) with a remarkable efficiency of the surface area increase to N loss ratio enabled by NH3 treatment while inheriting the hollow nanospherical structure. Accordingly, owing to the enhanced surface area and retained N doping, the prepared PN-HCN demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performances as a cathode host in lithium-sulfur batteries, including a near-to-theoretical capacity of 1620 mAh g-1, high rate capability and good cycling stability (789 mAh g-1 at 0.5C after 200 cycles). These results are superior to those of HCN without NH3 treatment. Also, PN-HCN exhibits superior capacitances (203 F g-1) and fast ion transport ability in supercapacitors. Our finding shows the simultaneous achievement of both highly porous structures and sufficient N functionalities for high-performance applications.

Suppressing Dendritic Lithium Formation Using Porous Media in Lithium Metal-Based Batteries.

Because of its ultrahigh specific capacity, lithium metal holds great promise for revolutionizing current rechargeable battery technologies. Nevertheless, the unavoidable formation of dendritic Li, as well as the resulting safety hazards and poor cycling stability, have significantly hindered its practical applications. A mainstream strategy to solve this problem is introducing porous media, such as solid electrolytes, modified separators, or artificial protection layers, to block Li dendrite penetration. However, the scientific foundation of this strategy has not yet been elucidated. Herein, using experiments and simulation we analyze the role of the porous media in suppressing dendritic Li growth and probe the underlying fundamental mechanisms. It is found that the tortuous pores of the porous media, which drastically reduce the local flux of Li+ moving toward the anode and effectively extend the physical path of dendrite growth, are the key to achieving the nondendritic Li growth. On the basis of the theoretical exploration, we synthesize a novel porous silicon nitride submicron-wire membrane and incorporate it in both half-cell and full-cell configurations. The operation time of the battery cells is significantly extended without a short circuit. The findings lay the foundation to use a porous medium for achieving nondendritic Li growth in Li metal-based batteries.

RNAi assisted genome evolution unveils yeast mutants with improved xylose utilization.

Xylose is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most abundant feedstocks for biofuel production. Therefore, efficient and rapid conversion of xylose to ethanol is crucial in the viability of lignocellulosic biofuel plants. In this study, RNAi Assisted Genome Evolution (RAGE) was used to improve the xylose utilization rate in SR8, one of the most efficient publicly available xylose utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. To identify gene targets for further improvement, we created a genome-scale library consisting of both genetic over-expression and down-regulation mutations in SR8. Followed by screening in media containing xylose as the sole carbon source, yeast mutants with 29% faster xylose utilization, and 45% higher ethanol productivity were obtained relative to the parent strain. Two known and two new effector genes were identified in these mutant strains. Notably, down-regulation of CDC11, an essential gene, resulted in faster xylose utilization, and this gene target cannot be identified in genetic knock-out screens.

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes.

Assembly of 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced functional materials has important implications across broad areas of technology. Existing approaches are compatible, however, only with narrow classes of materials and/or 3D geometries. This paper introduces ideas for a form of Kirigami that allows precise, mechanically driven assembly of 3D mesostructures of diverse materials from 2D micro/nanomembranes with strategically designed geometries and patterns of cuts. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate applicability of the methods across length scales from macro to nano, in materials ranging from monocrystalline silicon to plastic, with levels of topographical complexity that significantly exceed those that can be achieved using other approaches. A broad set of examples includes 3D silicon mesostructures and hybrid nanomembrane-nanoribbon systems, including heterogeneous combinations with polymers and metals, with critical dimensions that range from 100 nm to 30 mm. A 3D mechanically tunable optical transmission window provides an application example of this Kirigami process, enabled by theoretically guided design.

Edges of graphene and carbon nanotubes with high catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction.

We invented a practical and simple wet-grinding method to break conventional graphene sheets and CNTs for the production of new graphene/CNTs with adequate edge density (about 25 000 atoms per graphene-fragment of about 1 µm2 in size) and no detectable changes in intrinsic defects, extrinsic impurities, and even surface-area. Measurements using the standard cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode and rotating ring-disk electrode techniques all confirm that such mildly fragmented graphene, as well as carbon-nanotubes treated similarly using this wet-grinding method, can facilitate the fast 4-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. Our first-principles computational studies of the ORR on graphene, as well as the relevant known data in the literature, support an intriguing proposition that the ORR can be speeded up simply by increasing the edge-density of graphene. The adsorption of O2 involving both oxygen atoms, which causes O-O elongation, is best facilitated at the edge of graphene, facilitating a multi-step 4-electron ORR process.

Analysis techniques of lattice fringe images for quantified evaluation of pyrocarbon by chemical vapor infiltration.

Some image analysis techniques are developed for simplifying lattice fringe images of deposited pyrocarbon in carbon/carbon composites by chemical vapor infiltration. They are mainly the object counting method for detecting the optimum threshold, the self-adaptive morphological filtering, the node-separation technique for breaking the aggregate fringes, and some post processing algorithms for reconstructing the fringes. The simplified fringes are the foundation for defining and extracting quantitative nanostructure parameters of pyrocarbon. The frequency filter window of a Fourier transform is defined as the circular band that retains only those fringes with interlayer distance between 0.3 and 0.45 nm. Some judge criteria are set to define topological relation between fringes. For example, the aspect ratio and area of fringes are employed to detect aggregate fringes. Fringe coaxality and distance between endpoints are used to judge the disconnected fringes. The optimum values are determined by using the iterative correction techniques. The best cut-off value for the short fringes is chosen only when there is a reasonable match between the mean fringe length and the value measured by X-ray diffraction. The adopted techniques have been verified to be feasible and to have the potential to convert the complex lattice fringe image to a set of distinct fringe structures.

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with self-reported osteoarthritis among the US adults.

BACKGROUND: The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoarthritis (OA) has not been well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and OA in the US adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on participants in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. NAFLD was defined by the vibration-controlled transient elastography. The diagnosis of OA was based on self-reported data. Weighted multiple logistic regression models and stratified analyses were performed to explore the relationship and verify the stability of the conclusions. Sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation for missing data and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed. RESULTS: In total, 2622 participants [Male: 1260 (47.8%)] were included in this study with a mean age of 48.1 years old (95% CI, 46.6-49.6 years old), containing 317 (12.8%) OA patients and 1140 NAFLD patients (41.5%). A logistic regression indicated a significant association between NAFLD and OA without adjustment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.52-2.78]. The association remained stable after adjustment for covariates (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26-2.34). Sensitivity analysis of missing data with multiple interpolation and PSM found similar results. A significant and consistent association of NAFLD with OA was still observed in each subgroup stratified by age and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Stratified by sex, obesity, and sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) category, a statistically significant association was only shown in females, those without obesity, and those without hyper hs-CRP. The results illustrated that the relationship between NAFLD and OA was stable in all subgroups and had no interaction. CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD was positively correlated with OA. Given the current pandemic of NAFLD and OA, clinicians should screen for NAFLD in arthritis patients and intervene early.

Density functional theory study on the interactions of L-cysteine with graphene: adsorption stability and magnetism.

Understanding the interactions between graphene and biomolecules is of fundamental relevance to the area of nanobiotechnology. Herein, we take l-cysteine as the probe biomolecule and investigate its adsorption on pristine graphene and B-, N-, Al-, Ni-, Ga-, Pd-doped graphene using density functional theory calculations. Three kinds of upright adsorption configurations, via unprotonated functional groups (-SH, -NH2, -COOH), are considered. The calculations reveal pristine graphene physically adsorbs l-cysteine. N-doped graphene shows physisorption towards the S-end and N-end l-cysteine, and chemisorption towards the O-end radical. Strong chemisorption, with site-specific preference, occurs on Al-, Ni-, Ga- and Pd-doped graphene, accompanied by severe structural changes. Spin polarization with an unusual mirror symmetry on Ni- and Pd-doped graphene is induced by chemisorption of unprotonated l-cysteine, except for O-end adsorption on Pd-doped graphene. The magnetization arises mainly from spin polarization of the C 2pz orbital, with a minor magnetism located on Ni or Pd. The influence of van der Waals forces is also evaluated. A thorough analysis of the adsorption stability and magnetism of these systems would be beneficial to facilitate applications in graphene-based biosensing, biomolecule immobilization, magnetic bio-separation and other fields in bionanotechnology.

Interfacial Design and Construction of Carbon Fiber Composites by Strongly Bound Hydroxyapatite Nanobelt-Carbon Nanotubes for Biological Applications.

Carbon fiber composites are promising candidates for orthopedic implant applications, which calls for a combination of high mechanical strength and outstanding biotribological properties. In this work, hydroxyapatite nanobelts-carbon nanotubes (HN) were designed and constructed into carbon fiber-anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (DCPA)-epoxy composites (CDE) for simultaneously optimizing the mechanical and biotribological properties via the combined methods of pulse electrochemical deposition and injected chemical vapor deposition. HN provides more nucleation sites for the growth of DCPA and favors the infiltration of epoxy. In addition, HN optimizes the fiber/matrix interface by generating strong interfacial mechanical interlocking. Owing to the synergism of a strongly bound HN, the mechanical and biotribological properties of CDE have demonstrated significant improvement. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of HN-modified CDE (HN-CDE) increase by 52 and 170% compared with CDE, respectively. The wear rate and average friction coefficient of HN-CDE are decreased by 42% and increased by 45% compared with those of CDE, respectively. HN-CDE, with superior mechanical strength and biotribological properties, has high potential as a bone substitute and orthopedic implant.

Risk factors of significant relapse and appropriate maintenance therapy strategy in SLE-associated immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated immune thrombocytopenia (SLE-ITP) is characterized by relapse. The risk factors of relapse and appropriate maintenance therapy strategy deserve further exploration. Objectives: To determine the risk factors for relapse and appropriate maintenance therapy in significant SLE-ITP patients (a platelet count ⩽30 × 109/l) after the first complete response. Design: Retrospective cohort study using the medical records of 105 patients diagnosed as significant SLE-ITP in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital during December 2012 to March 2021. Patients were followed through a call for observations in January 2022. Methods: Data including demographics, initial clinical feature, induction and maintenance therapy, and outcome at the end of follow-up were analyzed. Risk factors for significant relapse were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. The cumulative hazard of significant relapse and the duration of response were estimated, and the differences in outcome between groups were compared using the Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 65 significant SLE-ITP patients were eligible for the final analysis. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] follow-up duration and median [IQR] duration of response were 62.2 [41.0-79.6] months and 43.4 [20.3-68.7] months, respectively. After the first complete response, 19/65 (29.2%) had a significant relapse. Compared with sustained clinical remission (SCR) + sustained response (SR) group, significant relapse group had a higher proportion of discontinued patients (47.4% versus 8.7%, p = 0.001). Among the 13 discontinued patients, the duration of maintenance therapy of the patients in significant relapse group was significantly shorter than that of the patients in SCR + SR group (months, median [IQR], 43.1 [32.0-62.4] versus 12.0 [5.1-22.0], p = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that drug withdrawal was an independent risk factor for significant relapse [odds ratio (OR) = 10.4, confidence interval (CI) 95% 2.2-47.8, p = 0.003]. There was no significant difference between glucocorticoids (GCs) + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) group and GCs + HCQ + immunosuppressive agents (ISAs) group in significant relapse rate (26.7% versus 22.2%, p > 0.05). The two SR curves of GCs + HCQ and GCs + HCQ+ ISA group basically coincided by the Cox regression analysis, demonstrating comparable long-term outcomes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Drug withdrawal, especially abrupt withdrawal with insufficient duration of maintenance therapy, is an independent risk factor for significant relapse of SLE-ITP. HCQ combined with GCs is expected to be the first choice of the maintenance therapy for SLE-ITP patients.

Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus: How many patients and how to identify?

Objectives: This study aims to the prevalence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)-negative systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their clinical characteristics in a large single-center SLE inception cohort to provide guidance for early diagnosis. Patients and methods: Between December 2012 and March 2021, the medical records of a total of 617 firstly diagnosed SLE patients (83 males, 534 females; median age [IQR]: 33+22.46 years) who fulfilled the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into groups with ANA-negative SLE and ANA-positive SLE, or with prolonged use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants (SLE-1) and without (SLE-0). Demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory features were collected. Results: The total prevalence of ANA-negative SLE patients was 2.11% (13/617). The prevalence of ANA-negative SLE in SLE-1 (7.46%) was significantly higher than that in SLE-0 (1.48%) (p<0.01). The ANA-negative SLE patients had a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia (84.62%) than ANA-positive SLE patients (34.27%). As with ANA-positive SLE, ANA-negative SLE also had a high prevalence of low complement (92.31%) and anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) positivity (69.23%). The prevalence of medium-high titer anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) IgG (50.00%) and anti-ß2 glycoprotein I (anti-ß2GPI) (50.00%) of ANA-negative SLE was significantly higher than that of ANA-positive SLE (11.22% and 14.93%, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of ANA-negative SLE is very low, but it exists, particularly under the influence of prolonged use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants. Thrombocytopenia, low complement, positive anti-dsDNA, and medium-high titer antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) are the main manifestations of ANA-negative SLE. It is necessary to identify complement, anti-dsDNA, and aPL in ANA-negative patients with rheumatic symptoms, particularly thrombocytopenia.

The lipid accumulation product is a powerful tool to diagnose metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in the United States adults.

Background & objectives: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are widely used to assess obesity, but they are limited in their ability to distinguish complicated body metabolic situations (fat mass, lean body mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat deposits in the abdomen). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of different anthropometric indices in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and to identify the best cut-off point for the diagnosis of MAFLD in United States adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 4,195 participants over 18 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 was performed. All patients underwent vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Assess the anthropometric measurements, including BMI, WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), cardiometabolic index (CMI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, hepatic steatosis index (HSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body roundness index (BRI), visceral fat index (VAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), cone index (CI), and body fat index (BAI). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the impact of these indices, on the odds ratio (OR) values of MAFLD. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnosing capacity of these anthropometric indices for MAFLD and identify the optimal cut-offs points. Results: A total of 4,195 (2,069 men and 2,126 women) participants were performed, with 45.4 ± 0.64 (mean ± SD) years old. All anthropometric metrics were positively associated with MAFLD, irrespective of whether it was treated as continuous or categorical variable (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed a positive correlation between AVI, HSI, WHtR, BRI, and MAFLD, with significant interaction with gender. ROC curves results showed that LAP had the highest AUC [0.813 (95% CI, 0.800-0.826)], especially in participants aged between 18 and 50 years old. Furthermore, LAP showed the highest ROC in both the training set [0.812 (95% CI, 0.800-0.835)] and the validation set [0.809 (95% CI, 0.791-0.827)]. Conclusions: In the present study, we showed that those anthropometric indices were significantly associated with MAFLD in United States adults. Besides, the association of HSI, BRI, AVI, and WHtR with MAFLD was more obvious in men than in women. LAP may be a sensitive marker for diagnosing MAFLD in U.S. adults.

High titers of antinuclear antibody and the presence of multiple autoantibodies are highly suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and specificity, as well as the relationship between the number of positive-autoantibodies (AAbs) in antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), so as to explore their significance in the diagnosis of SLE. A total of 1297 patients with ANA results was enrolled in this study, including 148 patients with SLE patients. The sensitivity, specificity, sensitive likelihood ratio and specific likelihood ratio of indicators in SLE were determined by receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve after measurement of ANA and ANAs by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoblotting, respectively. ROC analysis showed that the specificity of ANA titer ≥ 1 +, ≥ 2 + and ≥ 3 + for SLE was estimated to be 81.29%, 90.69% and 96.52% respectively, with a increased titer-specific likelihood ratio (5.16, 9.29 and 19.60, respectively). The specificity of the number of positive-AAbs ≥ 1, ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 in ANAs for SLE was estimated to be 80.42%, 94.95% and 99.3% respectively, with a increased number-specific likelihood ratio (4.8, 15.26 and 72.48, respectively). The estimated sensitivity of the number of positive-AAbs ≥ 3, AnuA and anti-rRNP was higher than that of anti-Sm (p < 0.01) (50.68%, 41.89% and 31.76% vs. 16.89%, respectively), while there was no significant difference in their specificity (99.3%, 99.74% and 99.56% vs. 99.74%, respectively) (p > 0.05). High titers of ANA and the presence of multiple AAbs in ANAs are highly specific for SLE and highly suggestive of SLE. The likelihood of SLE can be assessed by ANA titer and the number of positive-AAbs in ANAs.