Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean diet and blood lipid profiles in less-developed ethnic minority regions.

Different from developed countries, there is a paucity of research examining how the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets relate to lipids in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMR). A total of 83 081 participants from seven ethnic groups were retrieved from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study, which was conducted in less-developed Southwest China between May 2018 and September 2019. Multivariable linear regression models were then used to examine the associations of the DASH and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED) scores, assessed by modified DASH score and AMED, as well as their components with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and TC/HDL-cholesterol. The DASH scores were negatively associated with TC, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest DASH scores, TC decreased 0·0708 (95 % CI -0·0923, -0·0493) mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0380 (95 % CI -0·0462, -0·0299) mmol/l and TAG decreased 0·0668 (95 % CI -0·0994, -0·0341) mmol/l. The AMED scores were negatively associated with TC, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest AMED scores, TC decreased 0·0816 (95 % CI -0·1035, -0·0597) mmol/l, LDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0297 (95 % CI -0·0477, -0·0118) mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0275 (95 % CI -0·0358, -0·0192) mmol/l. Although both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet were negatively associated with blood lipids, those associations showed different patterns in LEMR, particularly for TAG and HDL-cholesterol.

Healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in less-developed ethnic minority regions: a large cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the associations between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMRs), where the prevalence of MAFLD is increasing rapidly and dietary habits are quite different from those in developed countries. Moreover, a significant subset of MAFLD individuals in LEMRs are nonobese, but the efficacy of dietary patterns on MAFLD individuals with different obese statuses is also unclear. We aimed to test the associations of two wildly recommended a priori dietary patterns-Alternate Mediterranean diet (AMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-with the risk of MAFLD in the total population, and further in nonobese and obese individuals. METHODS: We recruited 99,556 participants in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study, an ongoing cohort study in less-developed southwest China. Using validated food frequency questionnaire, each participant was assigned an AMED score and a DASH score. MAFLD was ascertained as hepatic steatosis on ultrasound together with diabetes, overweight/obesity, or two other metabolic risk factors. We performed logistic regression with inverse probability of exposure weighting (IPEW) to examine associations between two dietary patterns and MAFLD, adjusting for potential confounders under the guidance of directed acyclic graphs. Further, analyses were stratified by body mass index. RESULTS: We included 66,526 participants (age 49.5±11.0; 62.6% women), and the prevalence of MAFLD was 16.1%. Participants in the highest quintile of DASH score showed strong inverse associations with risks of MAFLD (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91; Ptrend < 0.001) compared with participants in the lowest quintile. The association between DASH and nonobese MAFLD (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.78; Ptrend < 0.001) was stronger (I2 = 78.5 % ; Pheterogeneity = 0.001) than that with obese MAFLD (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.98; Ptrend = 0.002). There was a null association between AMED and MAFLD risk. CONCLUSIONS: In LEMRs, a DASH diet but not AMED was associated with MAFLD. The relationship appeared to be more pronounced in nonobese MAFLD individuals than in obese MAFLD individuals.

Characterizing dynamic changes of plasma cell-free Echinococcus granulosus DNA before and after cystic echinococcosis treatment initiation.

Over one million people are living with cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). For CE, long-term albendazole treatment is often needed, which requires regular follow-up. Follow-up is mainly through imaging which is insensitive to subtle changes and subjective to experience. We investigated the changes of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma of CE patients before and after albendazole treatment to evaluate its potential as an objective marker for treatment follow-up. Plasma samples of nine CE patients were collected before and after treatment. We identified Eg cfDNA from every sample through high-throughput sequencing. Eg cfDNA concentration and fragment length increased significantly after the treatment period. Ultrasound examination before and after the treatment initiation reflected the drug effects to a certain extent, as the cyst size of four patients reduced. Our findings indicated that Eg cfDNA from plasma could be a potential marker in the monitoring of CE treatment.

In Silico and In Vitro Antimalarial Screening and Validation Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Plasmepsin V.

Malaria chemotherapy is greatly threatened by the recent emergence and spread of resistance in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite against artemisinins and their partner drugs. Therefore, it is an urgent priority to develop new antimalarials. Plasmepsin V (PMV) is regarded as a superior drug target for its essential role in protein export. In this study, we performed virtual screening based on homology modeling of PMV structure, molecular docking and pharmacophore model analysis against a library with 1,535,478 compounds, which yielded 233 hits. Their antimalarial activities were assessed amongst four non-peptidomimetic compounds that demonstrated the promising inhibition of parasite growth, with mean IC50 values of 6.67 µM, 5.10 µM, 12.55 µM and 8.31 µM. No significant affection to the viability of L929 cells was detected in these candidates. These four compounds displayed strong binding activities with the PfPMV model through H-bond, hydrophobic, halogen bond or π-π interactions in molecular docking, with binding scores under -9.0 kcal/mol. The experimental validation of molecule-protein interaction identified the binding of four compounds with multiple plasmepsins; however, only compound 47 showed interaction with plasmepsin V, which exhibited the potential to be developed as an active PfPMV inhibitor.

Determinants of self-rated health among an older Tibetan population in a Chinese plateau area: analysis based on the conceptual framework for determinants of health.

BACKGROUND: Self-rated health (SRH) has been frequently used in population health surveys. However, most of these studies only focus on specific factors that might directly affect SRH, so only partial or confounding information about the determinants of SRH is potentially obtained. Conducted in an older Tibetan population in a Chinese plateau area, the aim of our study is to assess interrelationships between various factors affecting SRH based on the conceptual framework for determinants of health. METHODS: Between May 2018 and September 2019, 2707 Tibetans aged 50 years or older were recruited as part of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study (CMEC) from the Chengguan District of Lhasa city in Tibet. The information included SRH and variables based on the conceptual framework for determinants of health (i.e., socioeconomic status, health behaviors, physical health, mental health, and chronic diseases). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of multiple factors in the conceptual framework. RESULTS: Among all participants, 5.54% rated their health excellent, 51.16% very good, 33.58% good, 9.12% fairly poor and 0.59% poor. Physical health (ß = - 0.23, P <  0.001), health behaviors (ß = - 0.44, P <  0.001), socioeconomic status (ß = - 0.29, P <  0.001), chronic diseases (ß = - 0.32, P <  0.001) and gender (ß = 0.19, P <  0.001) were directly associated with SRH. Socioeconomic status, physical health and gender affected SRH both directly and indirectly. In addition, there are potential complete mediator effects in which age and mental health affect SRH through mediators, such as physical health, health behaviors and chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that interventions targeting behavioral changes, health and chronic disease management should be attached to improve SRH among older populations in plateau areas without ignoring gender and socioeconomic disparities.

Metabolomic Profiling of the Synergistic Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Combination with Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Ischemic Stroke Rats.

As the greatest medical and socioeconomic problem in developing countries, stroke is the second or third leading cause of death in China and worldwide. In adult organisms suffering from stroke, transplanted stem cells have the ability to repair damaged tissues by regenerating autologous cells, while ginsenoside Rg1 could promote proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Although obvious antistroke effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and transplanted stem cells have been verified in publications, the mechanism exploration remains challenging. Our study was carried out to investigate the synergistic effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation on MCAO rats with a 1H NMR-based nontargeted metabolomics method to identify potential biomarkers and protein targets and discover the potential mechanism. NSCs transplantation after MCAO combined with ginsenoside Rg1 administration could significantly improve the cerebral infarct and neurological deficits. The treatment significantly intervened the levels of ten metabolites, and perturbed energy metabolism, amino acids metabolism, and lipids metabolism. And 11 enzymes were identified and verified as the targets of NSCs transplantation and ginsenoside Rg1 administration on MCAO rats. Our findings helped to improve the antistroke mechanism of NSCs transplantation and ginsenoside Rg1 and supply a theory basis for the combined research of stem cells and Chinese medicine in the future.

[Remote Sensing Estimation of Plant Litter Cover Based on the Spectra of Plant Litter-Soil Mixed Scenes].

Quantifying plant litter cover is important to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation to protect soil against soil erosion. Field campaign was carried out in the Loess Hilly-gully Region of Northern Shaanxi to acquire the spectral reflectance data of plant-soil mixed scenes for two broadleaf forests and rehabilitated grassland. Spectral behavior of plant-soil mixed scenes was analyzed and the effectiveness of hyperspectral indexes NDLI (normalized difference lignin index) and CAI (cellulose absorption index) for quantifying plant litter cover was evaluated based on lab and field experiments. The results showed spectra reflectance of plant-soil mixed scenes with different proportions of litter and soil varied greatly by the influence of color and water content. The NDLI and CAI values increased with the rise of proportion of litter within the mixed scene under dry and wet status, regression analysis between the two indexes and plant litter cover of mixed scenes showed that the obviously better result for CAI (R2=0.98, rehabilitated grassland and broadleaf forests under dry status). The discrimination between mixed scenes and soil using CAI significantly outperformed NDLI under dry status; the estimation of plant litter cover by CAI is more effective compared to NDLI. Lab analysis was validated by field measuring: R2=0.90 showed highest correlation between CAI and plant litter cover for rehabilitated grassland. The validity of estimation of plant litter cover by both two indexes reduced to some degree in the field. The research enhanced the scientific basis for remote sensing estimation of plant litter cover.

Unravelling the spatial directionality of urban mobility.

As it is central to sustainable urban development, urban mobility has primarily been scrutinised for its scaling and hierarchical properties. However, traditional analyses frequently overlook spatial directionality, a critical factor in city centre congestion and suburban development. Here, we apply vector computation to unravel the spatial directionality of urban mobility, introducing a two-dimensional anisotropy-centripetality metric. Utilising travel data from 90 million mobile users across 60 Chinese cities, we effectively quantify mobility patterns through this metric, distinguishing between strong monocentric, weak monocentric, and polycentric patterns. Our findings highlight a notable difference: residents in monocentric cities face increasing commuting distances as cities expand, in contrast to the consistent commuting patterns observed in polycentric cities. Notably, mobility anisotropy intensifies in the outskirts of monocentric cities, whereas it remains uniform in polycentric settings. Additionally, centripetality wanes as one moves from the urban core, with a steeper decline observed in polycentric cities. Finally, we reveal that employment attraction strength and commuting distance scaling are key to explaining these divergent urban mobility patterns. These insights are important for shaping effective policies aimed at alleviating congestion and guiding suburban housing development.

Urban park green space use analysis based on trajectory big data: Experience from a medium-sized city in China.

Regular visits to park green space offer remarkable benefits for the physical and mental health of urban residents. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of the utilization across the entire city is a prerequisite for improving the overall utilization rate of park green spaces. Traditional social survey methods are limited by their sample size and time-consuming nature, while methods based on geographic location big data are gaining momentum. This study focuses on Xuchang, a medium-sized city in China, and systematically analyzes the current state and influencing factors of park green space utilization by mining GPS trajectory big data from April 3 to 12, 2022. Results indicate that residents' choices of park green spaces are highly diverse. Approximately 20% of visitors on holidays and weekends, and about 25% of visitors on weekdays, prefer the park green space closest to their homes. Notably, the distance threshold for park green space visits on weekdays, weekends, and holidays is 3633, 3824, and 4127 m, respectively. These distances are significantly higher than the several hundred meters specified in planning documents or commonly used in accessibility analyses. For individuals who frequently visit park green spaces, distance is the most critical influencing factor. Conversely, for those who occasionally visit, distance is not the primary consideration. For individuals who rarely or never visit park green spaces, personal attitudes play an essential role. In comparison to weekdays, the number of visitors on holidays and weekends is larger, the travel distance is longer, and they are more inclined to choose larger parks. Visits are concentrated in the afternoon and evening, and weather changes remarkably affect park green space utilization. Importantly, no compensatory effect is observed between the frequency and duration of park green space visits. These findings hold important implications for urban planning, management, and the promotion of park green space utilization.

[Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover in semi-arid regions and its response to climate change: A case study of Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, China]. / åŠå¹²æ—±åŒºæ¤è¢«è¦†ç›–æ—¶ç©ºå˜åŒ–ç‰¹å¾åŠå ¶å¯¹æ°”å€™å˜åŒ–çš„å“åº”: 以锡林郭勒盟为例.

The quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover and its correlation with climate are of great significance for understanding of ecological environment, ecological civilization construction, and sustainable development in semi-arid areas. We investigated the spatio-temporal variations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and its response to climate change during 2000-2020 in Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, by using trend analysis, regression analysis and partial correlation analysis based on the data of MODIS-NDVI, tempe-rature, precipitation, digital elevation model. The results showed that vegetation cover in Xilin Gol had been increased from 2000 to 2020, which generally included three phases, i.e., stable fluctuation, rapid growth, and steady growth. The mean NDVI showed a zonal increasing distribution from southwest to northeast, and had a strong correlation with elevation and population density in Xilin Gol region. The high values of NDVI were mainly in the east, with a significant increasing trend, and the low values were in the southwest, with a local degradation. The sensitivity of vegetation cover to climate change showed spatial and temporal variations. The spatial variation of vegetation was more sensitive to temperature and the interannual variation was sensitive to annual precipitation. In summary, vegetation cover improved overall in Xilin Gol, but there was degradation in some areas. We should formulate differentiated and precise vegetation restoration and ecological environmental protection policies.

Rapid Discriminative Identification of the Two Predominant Echinococcus Species from Canine Fecal Samples in the Tibetan Region of China by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay.

Echinococcosis poses a significant concern in the fields of public health and veterinary care as it can be transmitted between animals and humans. The primary endemic subtypes are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which result from infestation by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively. A prominent epidemic of echinococcosis greatly affects the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China. A new technique called the loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) test is introduced in this research to differentiate between E. granulosus and E. multilocularis using their repetitive genetic sequences. The test is characterized by its portable nature, simple operation, quick result production, high sensitivity, and low susceptibility to aerosol contamination. The LAMP-LFD method demonstrated an exceptional minimal detection limit, reaching levels as low as approximately 1 fg/µL (femtogram per microliter) of genomic DNA. The assay's specificity was assessed, and no cross-reactivity was seen. A total of 982 dog fecal samples were collected from 54 counties in the TAR region between July 2021 and June 2022. The established method underwent validation using a commercially available ELISA kit. The agreement rate between the LAMP-LFD and ELISA methods was 97.25%, with a sensitivity of 96.05% and a specificity of 97.35%. The assay described in this study improves specificity by using a double-labeled probe, and it reduces the risk of false-positive results caused by aerosol contamination through the use of a sealed device. This makes it a suitable choice for quickly and accurately identifying the two main types of Echinococcus in field settings.

Associations of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Constituents With Cardiovascular Diseases and Underlying Metabolic Mediations: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort in Southwest China.

BACKGROUND: The health effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) might differ depending on compositional variations. Little is known about the joint effect of PM2.5 constituents on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to evaluate the combined associations of PM2.5 components with CVD, identify the most detrimental constituent, and further quantify the mediation effect of metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 14 427 adults were included in a cohort study in Sichuan, China, and were followed to obtain the diagnosis of CVD until 2021. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple metabolic disorders measured at baseline. The concentrations of PM2.5 chemical constituents within a 1-km2 grid were derived based on satellite- and ground-based detection methods. Cox proportional hazard models showed that black carbon, organic matter (OM), nitrate, ammonium, chloride, and sulfate were positively associated with CVD risks, with hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.24 to 2.11 (all P<0.05). Quantile g-computation showed positive associations with 4 types of CVD risks (HRs ranging from 1.48 to 2.25, all P<0.05). OM and chloride had maximum weights for CVD risks. Causal mediation analysis showed that the positive association of OM with total CVD was mediated by metabolic syndrome, with a mediation proportion of 1.3% (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents is positively associated with CVD risks. OM and chloride appear to play the most responsible role in the positive associations between PM2.5 and CVD. OM is probably associated with CVD through metabolic-related pathways.

Uncovering the spatiotemporal evolution of the service industry based on geo-big-data- a case study on the bath industry in China.

The bath industry has multiple attributes, such as economic, health, and cultural communication. Therefore, exploring this industry's spatial pattern evolution is crucial to forming a healthy and balanced development model. Based on POI (Points of Interest) and population migration data, this paper uses spatial statistics and radial basis function neural network to explore the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of the bath industry in mainland China. The results show that: (1) The bath industry presents a strong development pattern in the north, south-northeast, and east-northwest regions and weak development in the rest of the country. As a result, the spatial development of new bath space is more malleable. (2) The input of bathing culture has a guiding role in developing the bath industry. The growth of market demand and related industries has a specific influence on the development of the bath industry. (3) Improving the bath industry's adaptability, integration, and service level are feasible to ensure healthy and balanced development. (4) Bathhouses should improve their service system and risk management control during the pandemic.

A fluorescence-based assay for Trichomonas vaginalis drug screening.

BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis parasites has become an important concern in trichomoniasis treatment. Fast and reliable growth assessment is critical for validating in vitro drug susceptibility and high-throughput screening of newly developed drugs. METHODS: Modified media without yeast extract were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of T. vaginalis parasites. The potential of the nucleic acid-binding dye SYBR Green I for detecting T. vaginalis drug resistance was characterized, and seeding parasite concentration and incubation time were optimized. The fluorescence assay based on SYBR Green I was further validated in four T. vaginalis isolates with different susceptibilities to the antibiotics metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and secnidazole, and compared with the traditional method that detects minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs). RESULTS: A modified medium consisting of RPMI 1640 and Tryptone Plus as replacements for yeast extract and tryptone, respectively, in traditional trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (TYM) medium exhibited similar performance as TYM medium in maintaining T. vaginalis growth, while it showed much lower background fluorescent signals. The T. vaginalis SYBR Green I-based fluorescence (TSF) drug assay was found to have to satisfy one of two conditions to demonstrate the 50% inhibitory concentration of metronidazole for the sensitive isolate TV-334: (i) a seeding density of 3 × 104 parasites/ml and an incubation time of 48 h; or (ii) a seeding density of 1 × 104 parasites/ml and an incubation time of 72 h. Subsequent validation experiments revealed that the 48-h incubation/3 × 104 parasites/ml seeding density condition had a greater sensitivity to detect drug resistance than the 72-h condition. The TSF assay also exhibited high efficiency in identifying parasite drug resistance, as evidenced by its strong correlation with the standard MLC assay results (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a robust TSF assay that has the potential to facilitate high-throughput, automated in vitro anti-trichomoniasis susceptibility testing for drug resistance monitoring and drug development. In comparison to the standard MLC method, this assay offers the advantages of reduced labor and elimination of subjective examination.

Virtual ecological technology: Concepts, systems, and application perspectives.

Virtual ecological technology is a new technology that builds the foundation of a digital ecological system, simulates the process of ecological evolution, and establishes a global knowledge analysis system based on a unified spatio-temporal benchmark. It is a new direction for the interdisciplinary integration and development of eco-logy, geographic information science, computer science and other subjects towards modernization, informatization, and intelligence. Research, development, and application of virtual ecological technology is of great significance for the development of ecology as a discipline, ecosystem management, and regional sustainable development. Curren-tly, research on virtual ecological technology is still in its infancy and lacks a complete and clearly defined framework, making it difficult to support systematic iterative development and scientific analysis. In this paper, starting from the main theories and objectives of modern ecology, we summarized the main contents and technical requirements of virtual ecological construction, and proposed a key technical system of virtual ecology that integrated vir-tual geography and digital twin technology. From the perspective of application scenarios, we analyzed the application capabilities of virtual ecological technology in air pollution and energy analysis. Finally, we summarized the deve-lopment potential of virtual ecological technology in the digital construction of the ecological environment, intelligent computing, and realistic expression of different levels of ecological space resources transformation under the background of new generation of information technology, both at the local computing point breakthrough and the global technology point fusion aspects. This would enrich and advance the technical capabilities that support China's ecological space resource transformation.

Machine learning and experimental screening of chromatin regulator signatures and potential drugs in hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Many evidences have confirmed that chromatin regulator factors (CRs) are involved in the progression of cancer, but its potential mechanism of affecting hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma still needs to be studied. Our study detected the CRs that affect hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) through machine learning analysis, conducted the analysis of immune cells, constructed the relevant risk model and immune function infiltration, and predicted the potential therapeutic drugs. We found that these CRs were significantly related to the immune cells of Macrophages, B cells, CD8+T cells, etc., and PBK, AURKA, TOP2A and AURKB were the potential risk CRs of HBV-HCC. The expression levels of these four CRs increased in HepG2.2.15 cells and the liver of HBV-HCC patients, consistent with the predicted risk model. Subsequently, ten potential drugs closely related to the risk CRs were finally obtained, experimental research on resveratrol has shown that it can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells and potentially inhibit the occurrence and development of HBV-HCC. Our study provides novel insights into the function of CRs in HBV-HCC and certain ideas for more accurate targeted therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Does awareness of diabetic status increase risk of depressive or anxious symptoms? Findings from the China Multi-Ethnic cohort (CMEC) study.

INTRODUCTION: People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have increased risk of depressive symptoms (DS) or anxious symptoms (AS). This study explores whether awareness of DM will contribute to prevalence of DS or AS. METHODS: The baseline data including 81,717 adults from Southwest China was analyzed. DS and AS were assessed using PHQ-2 and GAD-2. Exposures were defined as 1) having self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes (self-reported DM), 2) no prior diagnosis of diabetes but meeting diagnostic criteria (newly diagnosed DM), 3) having self-reported physician diagnosis or meeting criteria of non-diabetic diseases (non-diabetic patients), 4) healthy participants. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess impact of presence and awareness of DM on DS or AS, adjusting for regional and individual related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of DS in self-reported DM, newly diagnosed DM, non-diabetic patient and healthy participants was 7.08 %, 4.30 %, 5.37 % and 3.17 %. The prevalence of AS was 7.80 %, 5.77 %, 6.37 % and 3.91 %. After adjusting for related factors, compared with healthy participants, self-reported DM and non-diabetic patients were associated with DS [AORDS, self-reported = 1.443(1.218,1.710), AORDS, nondiabetic patients = 1.265(1.143,1.400)], while the association between newly diagnosed DM and DS was not statistically significant. The associations between self-reported DM, newly diagnosed DM, non-diabetic patients and AS were all statistically significant. LIMITATIONS: DS and AS were assessed through self-report and may suffer recall or information bias. CONCLUSIONS: The association between awareness of diabetes and DS/AS suggests to pay attention to distinguish between self-reported and newly diagnosed DM and screening for DS and AS in diabetic population.

Two a posteriori dietary patterns are associated with risks of hyperuricemia among adults in less-developed multiethnic regions in Southwest China.

Diet is a major determinant of hyperuricemia, but little is known about the association between diet and hyperuricemia in less-developed multiethnic regions (LMERs). This study aimed to assess the hypothesis that dietary patterns (including 2 a-priori and 3 a posteriori dietary patterns) are associated with hyperuricemia in LMERs. The 2 a priori dietary patterns were the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED). We derived 3 a posteriori dietary patterns from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study by principal component factor analysis. Given that those dietary patterns had high geographic discrimination, they were named the Sichuan Basin (economically developed industrial region), Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (agricultural region), and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (nomadic region) dietary pattern, respectively. We performed a logistic regression model to investigate associations between dietary patterns and hyperuricemia with potential confounders identified by the directed acyclic graph. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the Sichuan Basin dietary pattern was positively associated with hyperuricemia, whereas the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau dietary pattern showed an inverse association with hyperuricemia. For the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau dietary pattern, DASH, or aMED, our results did not show a significant association with hyperuricemia. The results were robust among stratified analyses and different analyzing strategies. The dietary patterns showed great diversity in Southwest China. Both DASH and aMED, which many studies widely recommended, did not show expected beneficial effects on preventing hyperuricemia. However, the plant-based protein dietary pattern in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau showed a beneficial association with the risk of hyperuricemia, which can provide insights for dietary guidance in LMERs.

Association between chronic disease multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity: Evidence from the China Multiethnic Cohort study.

Objective: To reveal the associations between multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) by ethnicities in China. Materials and methods: Self-reported information on a range of occupational, household, transport, and LTPA was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 17 chronic diseases were assessed based on self-reported lifetime diagnoses or medical examinations. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between multimorbidity and the risks of low LTPA. Results: The mean age of all participants was 51.2 years old. Of all, 61.4% were women and 57.9% were from the Han population. A significantly negative association (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89-0.95) was found between multimorbidity and low LTPA, with a stronger association among minority populations (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82-0.91) than among the Han population (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92-1.01). For both the minority population and the Han population, digestive system multimorbidity and digestive-metabolic system multimorbidity had a significantly negative association with low LTPA. For the Han population, the association of intersystem multimorbidity for the circulatory-respiratory system (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04-1.31) with low LTPA was stronger than that of intrasystem multimorbidity for the circulatory (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25) and respiratory systems (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04-1.25). Conclusion: There are significant associations between multimorbidity and low LTPA based on this large multiethnic population. Our findings suggest that LTPA-tailored interventions should be designed for specific ethnic groups according to different types of multimorbidity.

Has the Sudden Health Emergency Impacted Public Awareness? Survey-Based Evidence from China.

Public environmental cognition is an important basis for optimizing environmental management and reducing tensions between humans and land. Although the level of environmental cognition is a gradual process under normal conditions, it often changes qualitatively because of major public emergencies. During the 2019 new coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19), the most significant public health event in recent years, 24,188 national samples were obtained based on a network survey. The comprehensive evaluation method was used to assess the impact of major public events on public environmental cognition and the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution. The findings are as follows. (1) During the epidemic period, sudden public health emergencies effectively promoted the national residents' environmental awareness, whether urban residents or rural; most respondents generally agreed with the concept of "respect nature and cherish life". (2) The environmental cognition of national residents was higher in the northwest and lower in the northeast of China, which is suitable for economic and social development and humanistic tradition. (3) There was a clear positive correlation between environmental awareness and education level. (4) During the epidemic, nervousness of respondents had a negative effect on environmental cognition. This study provides scientific support and a basis for decision making for the government to carry out environmental management optimization and improve the ecological and environmental cognition of the public, as well as devise effective intervention mechanisms with different time and space dimensions for similar future public health emergencies.