China's conservation and restoration of coastal wetlands offset much of the reclamation-induced blue carbon losses.

China's coastal wetlands have experienced large losses and gains with rapid coastal reclamation and restoration since the end of the 20th century. However, owing to the difficulties in mapping soil organic carbon (SOC) in blue carbon stocks of coastal wetlands on a national scale, little is known about the spatial pattern of SOC stock in China's coastal wetlands and the loss and gain of SOC stock following coastal reclamation, conservation, and restoration over the past decades. Here, we developed a SOC stock map in China's coastal wetlands at 30 m spatial resolution, analyzed the spatial variability and driving factors of SOC stocks, and finally estimated SOC losses and gains due to coastal reclamation and wetland management from 1990 to 2020. We found that the total SOC stocks in China's coastal wetlands were 77.8 Tg C by 2020 with 3.6 Tg C in mangroves, 8.8 Tg C in salt marshes, and 65.4 Tg C in mudflats. Temperature, rainfall, and seawater salinity exerted the highest relative contributions to SOC spatial variability. The spatial trend of SOC density gradually decreased from south to north except for Liaoning province, with the lowest density in Shandong province. About 24.9% (19.4 Tg C) of SOC stocks in China's coastal wetlands were lost due to high-intensity reclamation, but SOC stock gained from conservation and restoration offset the reclamation-induced losses by 58.2% (11.3 Tg C) over the past three decades. These findings demonstrated the great potential of conservation and restoration of coastal wetlands in reversing the loss trend of blue carbon and contributing to the mitigation of climate change toward carbon neutrality. Our study provides significant spatial insights into the stocks, sequestration, and recovery capacity of blue carbon following rapid urbanization and management actions, which benefit the progress of global blue carbon management.

Implementation and external validation of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score in the UK Biobank cohort.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple conditions present a growing challenge for healthcare provision. Measures of multimorbidity may support clinical management, healthcare resource allocation and accounting for the health of participants in purpose-designed cohorts. The recently developed Cambridge Multimorbidity scores (CMS) have the potential to achieve these aims using primary care records, however, they have not yet been validated outside of their development cohort. METHODS: The CMS, developed in the Clinical Research Practice Dataset (CPRD), were validated in UK Biobank participants whose data is not available in CPRD (the cohort used for CMS development) with available primary care records (n = 111,898). This required mapping of the 37 pre-existing conditions used in the CMS to the coding frameworks used by UK Biobank data providers. We used calibration plots and measures of discrimination to validate the CMS for two of the three outcomes used in the development study (death and primary care consultation rate) and explored variation by age and sex. We also examined the predictive ability of the CMS for the outcome of cancer diagnosis. The results were compared to an unweighted count score of the 37 pre-existing conditions. RESULTS: For all three outcomes considered, the CMS were poorly calibrated in UK Biobank. We observed a similar discriminative ability for the outcome of primary care consultation rate to that reported in the development study (C-index: 0.67 (95%CI:0.66-0.68) for both, 5-year follow-up); however, we report lower discrimination for the outcome of death than the development study (0.69 (0.68-0.70) and 0.89 (0.88-0.90) respectively). Discrimination for cancer diagnosis was adequate (0.64 (0.63-0.65)). The CMS performs favourably to the unweighted count score for death, but not for the outcomes of primary care consultation rate or cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In the UK Biobank, CMS discriminates reasonably for the outcomes of death, primary care consultation rate and cancer diagnosis and may be a valuable resource for clinicians, public health professionals and data scientists. However, recalibration will be required to make accurate predictions when cohort composition and risk levels differ substantially from the development cohort. The generated resources (including codelists for the conditions and code for CMS implementation in UK Biobank) are available online.

Pathways for achieving conservation targets under metacoupled anthropogenic disturbances.

Enhancing connectivity between protected areas stands as a paramount objective in advancing global conservation goals, particularly in coastal regions grappling with escalating human disruptions. However, little attention has been given to quantitative assessment of human-nature interactions within and among protected areas. Here, we endeavored to model the connectivity between protected areas in rapidly urbanizing regions in China, drawing on insights from the framework of metacoupling based on connected corridors at short and long distances. In alignment with the overarching global conservation aim of increasing the overall coverage of protected areas, we found that adding new site to the protected area system yields superior connectivity gains compared to merely expanding the boundaries of the existing sites. Within the connectivity network between protected areas, we discerned specific sites acting as stepping stones, pivotal in enhancing connectivity among the chosen protected areas. Our study propounds a pragmatic methodology for prioritizing local protection initiatives and underscores the criticality of incorporating connectivity conservation strategies. This approach is vital for attaining regional biodiversity targets, given the dual perspective encompassing both human activities and the natural environment, particularly in the face of mounting anthropogenic disturbances.

The Tandem Nitrate and CO2 Reduction for Urea Electrosynthesis: Role of Surface N-Intermediates in CO2 Capture and Activation.

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 and nitrate offers a promising avenue to produce valuable chemicals through the using of greenhouse gas and nitrogen-containing wastewater. However, the generally proposed reaction pathway of concurrent CO2 and nitrate reduction for urea synthesis requires the catalysts to be both efficient in both CO2 and nitrate reduction, thus narrowing the selection range of suitable catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a distinct mechanism in urea synthesis, a tandem NO3 - and CO2 reduction, in which the surface amino species generated by nitrate reduction play the role to capture free CO2 and subsequent initiate its activation. When using the TiO2 electrocatalyst derived from MIL-125-NH2, it intrinsically exhibits low activity in aqueous CO2 reduction, however, in the presence of both nitrate and CO2, this catalyst achieves an excellent urea yield rate of 43.37 mmol ⋅ g-1 ⋅ h-1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 48.88 % at -0.9 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. Even at a low CO2 level of 15 %, the Faradaic efficiency of urea synthesis remains robust at 42.33 %. The tandem reduction procedure was further confirmed by in situ spectroscopies and theoretical calculations. This research provides new insights into the selection and design of electrocatalysts for urea synthesis.

Effects of Tang Luo Ning on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats revealed by LC-MS metabolomics approach.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes with limited therapies. Tang Luo Ning (TLN), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been proved to be effective in the treatment of DPN in clinical and experimental studies. However, the potential metabolic mechanism of TLN for the treatment of DPN is still unclear. Here the therapeutic effect of TLN on DPN was studied, and HPLC-IT-TOF/MS was used to explore the metabolic changes related to DPN and to explore the mechanism of TLN on DPN induced by high glucose. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was used to explore the metabolic changes induced by DPN and TLN. As a result, TLN could improve the peripheral nerve function of DPN rats, and TLN could reduce the demyelination of the sciatic nerve in DPN rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that 14 potential biomarkers (citrate, creatine, fumarate, glyceric acid, glycine, succinate, etc.) of both DPN and TLN treatment were identified. Pathway analysis showed that the changes in these metabolites were mainly related to the citrate cycle (TCA cycle); glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Information infrastructure and greenhouse gas emission performance in urban China: A difference-in-differences analysis.

Owing to its network spillover effect, information infrastructure performs outstandingly in promoting economic growth and technological innovation, and has received widespread attention. However, the ecological performance of information infrastructure, especially its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission performance, has been less studied. To investigate this issue, using panel data for 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2018, we treat the Broadband China policy as a quasi-natural experiment in information infrastructure, and conduct a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis. The results show that: (1) Information infrastructure significantly improves urban GHG emission performance. This conclusion holds even after controlling for pilot selection endogeneity, sampling bias, and other policy interference. (2) Technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, factor allocation enhancement, and tertiary agglomeration are effective channels for information infrastructure to improve GHG emission performance. (3) The treatment effect varies with city size, digital economy level, and economic status. Specifically, information infrastructure exhibits significant emission reduction performance in cities with large size, advanced digital economy, and leading economic status, while the emission reduction effect drops in other cities. This study provides insights into the transition to a carbon-neutral manner for infrastructure in China and other developing countries.

Photocatalytic C-C Coupling from Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper Oxide with Mixed-Valence Copper(I)/Copper(II).

To realize the evolution of C2+ hydrocarbons like C2H4 from CO2 reduction in photocatalytic systems remains a great challenge, owing to the gap between the relatively lower efficiency of multielectron transfer in photocatalysis and the sluggish kinetics of C-C coupling. Herein, with Cu-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a precursor, a hybrid photocatalyst (CuOX@p-ZnO) with CuOX uniformly dispersed among polycrystalline ZnO was synthesized. Upon illumination, the catalyst exhibited the ability to reduce CO2 to C2H4 with a 32.9% selectivity, and the evolution rate was 2.7 µmol·g-1·h-1 with water as a hole scavenger and as high as 22.3 µmol·g-1·h-1 in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial agent, all of which have rarely been achieved in photocatalytic systems. The X-ray absorption fine structure spectra coupled with in situ FT-IR studies reveal that, in the original catalyst, Cu mainly existed in the form of CuO, while a unique Cu+ surface layer upon the CuO matrix was formed during the photocatalytic reaction, and this surface Cu+ site is the active site to anchor the in situ generated CO and further perform C-C coupling to form C2H4. The C-C coupling intermediate *OC-COH was experimentally identified by in situ FT-IR studies for the first time during photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Moreover, theoretical calculations further showed the critical role of such Cu+ sites in strengthening the binding of *CO and stabilizing the C-C coupling intermediate. This work uncovers a new paradigm to achieve the reduction of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons in a photocatalytic system.

Exploring metformin as a candidate drug for rosacea through network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects the middle of the face. Due to the unclear pathogenesis, the effective treatment options for rosacea remain limited. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) identified three rosacea-related hub modules, which were involved in immune-, metabolic- and development- related signaling pathways. Next, the key genes from green and brown modules were submitted to CMap database for drug prediction and metformin was identified as a candidate drug for rosacea. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified pharmacological targets of metformin and demonstrated that metformin could help in treating rosacea partly by modulating inflammatory and angiogenesis signaling pathways. Finally, we verified the therapeutic role and mechanism of metformin on rosacea in vivo and vitro. We found that metformin treatment significantly improved rosacea-like skin lesions including immune cells infiltration, cytokines/chemokines expression and angiogenesis. Moreover, metformin suppressed LL37- and TNF-α-induced the ROS production and MAPK-NF-κB signal activation in keratinocytes cells. In conclusion, our findings identified and verified metformin as a novel therapeutic candidate for rosacea, and it alleviates the pathological symptoms, possibly by suppressing inflammatory responses, angiogenesis in rosacea.

Dependence of conduction characteristics on compensation type and lattice structure of SiC photoconductive semiconductor switches.

Semi-insulating (SI) SiC photoconductive semiconductor switches were prepared using two compensation mechanisms: namely vanadium dopants compensation (4H- and 6H-SiC) and deep level defect compensation (4H-SiC). The bias voltage and current of the high-purity (HP) SI 4H-SiC photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) with a channel length of 1 mm reached 24 kV and 364 A, respectively, and the minimum on-state resistance of approximately 1 Ω was triggered by laser illumination at a wavelength of 355 nm. The experimental results show that, in this case, the on-state characteristics of HP 4H-SiC PCSS are superior to those of the vanadium-doped(VD) 4H and 6H-SiC PCSS devices. HP 4H-SiC PCSS shows remarkable waveform consistency. Unlike for VD 4H and 6H-SiC PCSS, the current waveform of HP 4H-SiC PCSS exhibits a tailing phenomenon due to its longer carrier lifetime.

Ultrafast and On-Demand Oil/Water Separation Membrane System Based on Conducting Polymer Nanotip Arrays.

Ultrafast oil/water separation based on tunable superwettability switch remains a big challenge. Here, inspired by the ultrafast water transport mechanism in sarracenia, we develop a micro/nanostructured porous membrane with conducting polymer nanotip arrays through the surface-initiated polymerizations. By modulating the height (ranging from 49-529 nm) and redox states of nanotips, a smart reversible superwettability switch is facile to obtain with contact angles of water/oil arranging from 161° to about 0°. Besides, liquid transport speed was accelerated more than 1.5 times by increasing the nanotip length. The water flux could reach up to 50326 L m-2 h-1 (1000 times that of a typical industrial ultrafiltration membrane). This is attributed to the stable and continuous water film along the nanotips, which provide a lubrication layer, leading to an increase of permeability. This work provides significant insights into macro/nanostructured membrane design for smart separation, blood lipid filtration, and smart nanoreactors with high permeability.

How industrial convergence affects regional green development efficiency: A spatial conditional process analysis.

Industrial convergence is a key means to transform the economic mode. Taking the convergence of manufacturing and producer services in China as the research object, this study explored how industrial convergence affects regional green development efficiency (GDE). First, a coupling evaluation system was established to measure industrial convergence degree, and the directional distance function-based slacks-based measure was combined with the global Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure GDE. Second, we employed spatial econometric models to analyze the relationship between industrial convergence and GDE. Then, using the spatial conditional process analysis, a unified framework of green innovation, investment structure, and energy intensity was constructed to investigate the transmission mechanism involved. The results showed that: (1) Regional GDE and green innovation had a spatial dependence. (2) Considering the spatial correlation, industrial convergence is conductive to regional GDE. (3) Green innovation is an effective path by which industrial convergence improves regional GDE. (4) In this mediating process, the investment structure and energy intensity play a moderating role. The investment bias in high-tech industries increases the role of industrial convergence in promoting regional GDE and green innovation, while the moderating direction of energy intensity is opposite. In addition, there is a crowding-out effect in energy dependence, which hinders the effectiveness of green innovation.

CgHog1 controls the adaptation to both sorbitol and fludioxonil in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

The HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway is critical for the appropriate adaptation to adverse conditions. Here, we demonstrated that the deletion of CgHog1 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to osmotic stress and increased resistance to fludioxonil in the poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The accumulation of chitin around hyphal tips was obviously decreased in the ΔCgHog1 strain under sorbitol, whereas it strongly was increased in the response to fludioxonil compared with the wild type. To investigate the underlying mechanism of CgHog1-mediated adaption to osmotic stress and fludioxonil, transcriptomic profiles were performed in both the ΔCgHog1 strain and the wild type under the treatment of sorbitol and fludioxonil, respectively. Under sorbitol, genes associated with glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were differentially expressed; under fludioxonil, vesicle trafficking-related genes were highly downregulated in the ΔCgHog1 strain, which was consistent with abnormal vacuoles distribution and morphology of hyphae, indicating that the growth defect caused by fludioxonil may be associated with disruption of endocytosis. Taken together, we elucidated the adaptation mechanisms of how CgHog1 regulates appropriate response to sorbitol and fludioxonil via different metabolism pathways. These findings extend our insights into the HOG pathway in fungi.

An improved spatial subsidy approach for ecological compensation in coastal seascapes for resilient land-sea management.

Human activities are considered a critical impact factor for decision-making in coupled human-nature systems, such as conservation of coastal systems. Identifying key human activities that cause significant habitat degradation for coastal species remains challenging. We improved the spatial subsidy approach to identify and prioritize control strategies for human-caused distribution shifts of marine species. We applied this method to a threatened Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay, China. Our results indicate that (1) a significant distribution shift for humpback dolphins from existing nature reserves to peripheral waters occurred from 2011 to 2014; (2) coastal tourism and industrial and urban construction had more significant negative impacts on humpback dolphins than maritime transportation and reclamation; and (3) proactive management should be implemented for maritime transportation and reclamation, while reactive management should be implemented for coastal tourism and industrial and urban construction. Human impact analysis, combined with spatially explicit modeling, contributes to determining the spatial alternatives for conservation planning. In response to possible ecological damage caused by human activities, the improved spatial subsidy results help provide knowledge and platforms for ecological compensation.

Artificially designed hepatitis B virus core particles composed of multiple epitopes of type A and O foot-and-mouth disease virus as a bivalent vaccine candidate.

Recently, many countries, including China, have experienced a series of type A and O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) epidemics, causing serious economic losses. Although concerns about the safety of inactivated FMD vaccines have been raised, the development of a safe and effective subunit vaccine is necessary. We constructed two chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs; rHBc/AO and rHBc/AOT VLPs) displaying tandem repeats of B cell epitopes (VP1 residue 134-161 and 200-213) derived from type A and O FMDV and one T cell epitope (3 A residue 21-35) using the truncated hepatitis B virus core (HBc) carrier. Our results indicate that the chimeric HBc can self-assemble into VLPs with these FMDV epitopes displayed on the surface. Immunization with the chimeric VLPs induced specific IgG and neutralization antibodies against type A and O FMDV in mice. Compared with the commercial type A/O FMDV bivalent inactivated vaccine, rHBc/AO and rHBc/AOT VLPs significantly stimulated the production of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), whereas Th2 cytokine production (IL-4 and IL-10) was decreased. Compared with rHBc/AO, rHBc/AOT induced increased Th2 cytokine and specific IgG production. These results demonstrate that the VLPs constructed in the current study induced both humoral and cellular immune responses and may represent potential bivalent VLP vaccines targeting both FMDV type A and O strains.

Circulating Iron Levels Interaction with Central Obesity on the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study in Southeast China.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the associations between body iron stores and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Chinese population and explore whether this effect may be modified by other factors. METHODS: A 1: 1 frequency-matched case-control study was conducted, including 482 NAFLD cases and 490 gender- and age-matched controls. Serum levels of ferritin, hepcidin, and C-reactive protein were measured. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hepcidin was not associated with NAFLD risk; however, elevated serum ferritin was significantly associated with increased risk of NAFLD (adjusted OR 1.619, 95% CI 1.158-2.267), and hepcidin:ferritin ratio was significantly associated with decreased risk of NAFLD -(OR-adjusted 0.702, 95% CI 0.501-0.984). When stratified by gender, a significant association was found between elevated serum ferritin and hepcidin:ferritin ratio and NAFLD only for women (ORadjusted 2.131, 95% CI 1.151-3.944 and ORadjusted 0.414, 95% CI 0.219-0.781, respectively). A significant multiplicative interaction between central obesity and elevated serum hepcidin was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum ferritin and hepcidin:ferritin ratio are associated with NAFLD in a Chinese population. Although serum hepcidin is not associated with NAFLD, it may augment the risk effect of central obesity on NAFLD.

EDTA-facilitated toxic tolerance, absorption and translocation and phytoremediation of lead by dwarf bamboos.

Bamboos are considered as potential plants for phytoremediation. However, the mechanisms of EDTA-assisted bamboo for lead (Pb) control has not been described. The objective of this study was to examine the tolerance and behaviors of Pb to screen bamboos for Pb-contaminated soil and to explore the effects of EDTA on their phytoremediation. In this regard, five dwarf bamboos were treated with various doses Pb (0-1500 mg kg-1) and/or EDTA (500 or 250-1000 mg kg-1) to investigate antioxidant systems and Pb accumulation/species. Our findings showed that different doses of Pb significantly affect lipid peroxidation and antioxidant compounds in studied bamboos. EDTA increased the absorption of soil Pb2+ in all tissues with increasing Pb doses, while the Pb concentrations in all bamboo roots was higher than those in other tissues. Among these plants, Arundinaria argenteostriata (AA) and A. fortunei (AF) showed greater oxidative tolerance than other bamboos. Moreover, Pb accumulation showed the highest values in AA and AF plants relative to other bamboos. With increasing EDTA doses, levels of reducible and residual Pb decreased but the weak acid-soluble and total Pb increased in Pb-stressed AA/AF soils. Similarly, EDTA increased Pb2+ concentration in both bamboo tissues, while the Pb2+ level in leaves was higher than that in other organs at the highest EDTA dose. This study provides the first comprehensive evidence regarding EDTA enhancing the availability, absorption, and translocation of Pb in bamboo/soil, suggesting the application of EDTA may be an effective strategy for phytoremediation with two Arundinaria bamboos in Pb-contaminated soils.

Transforming Growth Factor-ß3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-ß3/CS) Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

Periodontal disease is the main reason for tooth loss in adults. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are advanced technologies used to manage soft and hard tissue defects caused by periodontal disease. We developed a transforming growth factor-ß3/chitosan sponge (TGF-ß3/CS) to repair periodontal soft and hard tissue defects. We investigated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation behaviors of primary human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to determine the bioactivity and potential application of TGF-ß3 in periodontal disease. We employed calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) double labeling or cell membranes (CM)-Dil labeling coupled with fluorescence microscopy to trace the survival and function of cells after implantation in vitro and in vivo. The mineralization of osteogenically differentiated hPDLSCs was confirmed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content. The levels of COL I, ALP, TGF-ßRI, TGF-ßRII, and Pp38/t-p38 were assessed by western blotting to explore the mechanism of bone repair prompted by TGF-ß3. When hPDLSCs were implanted with various concentrations of TGF-ß3/CS (62.5-500 ng/mL), ALP activity was the highest in the TGF-ß3 (250 ng/mL) group after 7 d (p < 0.05 vs. control). The calcium content in each group was increased significantly after 21 and 28 d (p < 0.001 vs. control). The optimal result was achieved by the TGF-ß3 (500 ng/mL) group. These results showed that TGF-ß3/CS promotes osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, which may involve the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. TGF-ß3/CS has the potential for application in the repair of incomplete alveolar bone defects.

[Case-control study of the relationship between dietary fatty acids intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Nanping City, 2015-2017].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between different kinds of dietary fatty acids intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). METHODS: A 1↿ frequency matched case-control study was conducted among 546 NAFLD patients diagnosed by ultrasound as case group, 546 people without NAFLD randomly selected and matched by sex and age(±5) as control group from April 2015 to August 2017 in Nanping first hospital. The data was obtained from participants using structured questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Information on dietary intake was collected using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Residual method was used to derive energy-adjusted variable, unconditional Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios(OR) and their 95% CI. RESULTS: The NAFLD group consumed a significantly higher amount of fatty acid(FAs), saturated fatty acid(SFAs), mono-unsaturatedfattyacids(MUFAs), poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, C16↿, C18↿, C16↿, C18↿, C18↿ and C18↿. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis indicated that daily intake of total fatty acids, MUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, C18↿, C18↿ more than 98. 96 g/d, 38. 83 g/d, 26. 23 g/d, 33. 55 g/d and 24. 91 g/d respectively, were the risk factors for NAFLD. The adjusted ORs and 95% CI were 2. 26(1. 49-3. 44), 1. 93(1. 29-2. 88), 5. 13(3. 40-7. 76), 1. 82(1. 22-2. 79) and 5. 24(3. 40-7. 76). Daily intake of C20↿, C22↿ in 0. 07-0. 09 g/d, 0. 01-0. 02 g/d were the protective factors for NAFLD. The adjusted ORs and 95% CI were 0. 58(0. 39-0. 85) and 0. 64(0. 43-0. 94). CONCLUSION: Daily intake of total fatty acids, MUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, C18↿, C18↿ more than 98. 96, 38. 83, 26. 23, 33. 55 and 24. 91 g/d respectively, were the risk factors for NAFLD. Daily intake of C20↿, C22↿ in 0. 07-0. 09 g/d, 0. 01-0. 02 g/d respectively, were the protective factors for NAFLD.

Detection prevalence of H5N1 avian influenza virus among stray cats in eastern China.

Since 1997, more and more cases of the infectious H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans have been reported all over the world but the transmission of H5N1 avian influenza virus to stray cats has been little demonstrated. The objective of this pilot investigation was to determine the prevalence of H5N1 AIV antibodies in stray cats in eastern China where is the dominant enzootic H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HP AIV). A total of 1,020 nasal swab and 1,020 serum samples were collected and tested. Evidence of HPAI H5N1 virus antibodies was present in two of the 1,020 serum samples that were positive by HI assay and NT assay, respectively. The results imply little transmission and that the Clade 2.3.2 HPAIV H5N1 infections in poultry did not significantly affect the rural animal shelters or suburban environment in eastern China. In future studies, these results can be used as baseline seroepidemiological levels for H5N1 AIV among cats in China.