The relationship between serum coagulation parameters and the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma.

The aim is to investigate the relationship between serum coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, D-D and FDP) before hospitalization and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). 236 patients with CSDH who were diagnosed for the first time and had complete medical records were followed up for at least 90 days. Fifty patients (21.2%) had relapsed. Univariate analysis was conducted including general data, imaging data and test results. Serum coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, D-D and FDP) were detected for all CSDH patients. The study identified several factors that exhibited a significant correlation with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence. These factors included advanced age (p = 0.01), hypertension (p = 0.04), liver disease (p = 0.01), anticoagulant drug use (p = 0.01), antiplatelet drug use (p = 0.02), bilateral hematoma (p = 0.02), and single-layer hematoma (p = 0.01). In addition, the presence of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) exceeding 5 mg/L demonstrated a significant relationship with CSDH recurrence (P < 0.05). Notably, the combined assessment of D-dimer (D-D) and FDP exhibited a significant difference, particularly regarding recurrence within 30 days after surgery (P < 0.05). The simultaneous elevation of serum FDP and D-D levels upon admission represents a potentially novel predictor for CSDH recurrence. This finding is particularly relevant for patients who experience recurrence within 30 days following surgical intervention. Older individuals with CSDH who undergo trepanation and drainage should be closely monitored due to their relatively higher recurrence rate.

Quantitative assessment of the associations between DNA repair gene XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Prior research exploring the correlation between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer has yielded conflicting outcomes. To date, there has been a notable absence of studies examining this polymorphism. The primary aim of the current investigation is to elucidate the potential role of the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism as a risk factor in the development of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The comprehensive literature search was meticulously conducted across primary databases, including PubMed, Embase, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), spanning from the inception of each database through January 2024. To synthesize the data, a meta-analysis was performed using either a fixed or random-effects model, as appropriate, to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The analysis revealed significant associations between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. This was evidenced through various genetic model comparisons: allele contrast (T vs. C: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.70-0.86, P < 0.001), homozygote comparison (TT vs. CC: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.88, P = 0.001), heterozygote comparison (TC vs. CC: OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.87, P = 0.003), and a dominant genetic model (TT/TC vs. CC: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.57-0.81, P < 0.001). Additionally, subgroup analyses based on ethnicity disclosed that these associations were particularly pronounced in the Caucasian population, with all genetic models showing significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism has been identified as contributing to a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in the Caucasian population. This finding underscores the need for further research to validate and expand upon our conclusions, emphasizing the urgency for continued investigations in this domain.

Near-Infrared in and out: Observation of Autophagy during Stroke via a Lysosome-Targeting Two-Photon Viscosity-Dependent Probe.

Fluorescence imaging using probes with two-photon excitation and near-infrared emission is currently the most popular in situ method for monitoring biological species or events, with a large imaging depth, low background fluorescence, low optical damage, and high spatial and temporal resolution. Nevertheless, current fluorescent dyes with near-infrared emission still have some disadvantages such as poor water solubility, low fluorescence quantum yield, and small two-photon absorption cross sections. These drawbacks are mainly caused by the structural characteristics of dyes with large conjugation surfaces but lacking strong and rigid structures. Herein, a lysosome-targeted and viscosity-sensitive probe (NCIC-VIS) is designed and synthesized. The protonation of morpholine not only helps anchor NCIC-VIS to the lysosome but also significantly enhances its water solubility. More importantly, its viscosity can increase the rigid structure of NCIC-VIS, which will improve the fluorescence quantum yield and the two-photon absorption cross section due to the imposed restrictions on molecular torsion. Based on the abovementioned characteristics, the real-time imaging of cellular autophagy (could increase the viscosity of lysosomes) was realized using NCIC-VIS. The results demonstrated that the level of autophagy was significantly enhanced in mice during stroke, while the inhibition of oxidative stress significantly reduced the degree of autophagy. The study corroborates that oxidative stress induced by stroke can lead to the development of autophagy.

[Visualization analysis of microfluidics research status].

Microfluidics is the science and technology to manipulate small amounts of fluids in micro/nano-scale space. Multiple modules could be integrated into microfluidic device, and due to its advantages of microminiaturization and controllability, microfluidics has drawn extensive attention since its birth. In this paper, the literature data related to microfluidics research from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2021 were obtained from Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used for bibliometrics analysis, so as to explore the research progress and development trends of microfluidics research at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of 50 129 articles, it could be seen that microfluidics was a hot topic of global concern, and the United States had a certain degree of authority in this field. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University not only had a high number of publications, but also had strong influence and extensive cooperation network. Combined with ultrasonic, surface modification and sensor technology, researchers constructed paper-based microfluidic, droplet microfluidic and digital microfluidic platforms, which were applied in the field of immediate diagnosis, nucleic acid and circulating tumor cell analysis of in vitro diagnosis and organ-on-a-chip. China was one of the countries with a high level of research in the field of microfluidics, while the industrialization of high-end products needed to be improved. As people's demand for disease risk prediction and health management increased, promoting microfluidic technological innovation and achievement transformation is of great significance to safeguard people's life and health.

Emergence of W272C Substitution in Hmg1 in a Triazole-Resistant Isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus from a Chinese Patient with Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Recently, mutations in the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene (hmg1) have been identified to be associated with triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we describe the first case of the G929C mutation in the hmg1 gene, leading to the W272C amino acid substitution, in a triazole-resistant isolate of A. fumigatus recovered from a chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis patient who failed voriconazole therapy in China.

An ultrasensitive polarity-specific two-photon probe for revealing autophagy in live cells during scrap leather-induced neuroinflammation process.

A polarity-sensitive fluorescence probe AMN was developed to demonstrate the role of autophagy inhibitory drugs in the process of leather residue-induced neuroinflammation, promoting the knowledge of the relationship between autophagy and neuroinflammation. AMN showed a turn-on fluorescent signal in the process of autophagy inhibition via two-photon confocal imaging, which is different from the current popular autophagy probes. Therefore, AMN can offer high-sensitive imaging analysis of the autophagy inhibition process to better understand the role of autophagy in the process of neuroinflammation. The model of scrap leather-induced neuroinflammation using PC12 cells demonstrated that neuroinflammation can induce autophagy by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and autophagy can alleviate neuroinflammation significantly via ROS scavenging.

Observation of inflammation-induced mitophagy during stroke by a mitochondria-targeting two-photon ratiometric probe.

This study reports the development of a new, pH-sensitive, mitochondria-targeting two-photon ratiometric probe (Mito-BNO) for real-time tracking of mitophagy, a process that can be accelerated in brain tissue during stroke. Mito-BNO shows excellent capability for mitochondrial localisation (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.91), and can also effectively distinguish mitochondria from other subcellular organelles such as lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (r = 0.40 and r = 0.33, respectively). Meanwhile, a rewarding pKa value (5.23 ± 0.03) and the pH reversibility suggest that Mito-BNO can track mitophagy in real time via confocal imaging. Most importantly, the relationship between mitophagy and neuroinflammation during stroke has been successfully demonstrated by evaluating the fluorescence of PC12 cells stained with Mito-BNO during an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) process with and without anti-inflammatory treatment. The results indicate that the occurrence of mitophagy during stroke is caused by oxidative stress induced by neuroinflammation. This study will help further understanding stroke pathogenesis, can provide potential new targets for early diagnosis and treatment, and can also help to develop therapeutic drugs for stroke.

Systemic exosomal miR-193b-3p delivery attenuates neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a potential crucial factor in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of neuronal dysfunction. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs has been demonstrated in several CNS disorders and is thought to involve modulation of neuroinflammation. Here, we found that peripherally injected modified exosomes (Exos) delivered miRNAs to the brains of mice with SAH and that the potential mechanism was regulated by regulation of neuroinflammation. METHODS: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and qRT-PCR were used to define the global miRNA profile of plasma exosomes in aSAH patients and healthy controls. We peripherally injected RVG/Exos/miR-193b-3p to achieve delivery of miR-193b-3p to the brain of mice with SAH. The effects of miR-193b-3p on SAH were assayed using a neurological score, brain water content, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. Western blotting analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR were used to measure various proteins and mRNA levels. RESULTS: NGS and qRT-PCR revealed that four circulating exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed. RVG/Exos exhibited improved targeting to the brains of SAH mice. MiR-193b-3p suppressed the expression and activity of HDAC3, upregulating the acetylation of NF-κB p65. Finally, miR-193b-3p treatment mitigated the neurological behavioral impairment, brain edema, BBB injury, and neurodegeneration induced by SAH, and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in the brains of mice after SAH. CONCLUSIONS: Exos/miR-193b-3p treatment attenuated the inflammatory response by acetylation of the NF-κB p65 via suppressed expression and activity of HDAC3. These effects alleviated neurobehavioral impairments and neuroinflammation following SAH.

Rectal NSAIDs in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in unselected patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Efficacy of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) prophylaxis in unselected patients remained controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rectal NSAIDs in the prevention of PEP in unselected patients. METHODS: An electronic literature search in the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed was carried out for randomized controlled trials comparing rectal indomethacin or diclofenac with placebo in the prevention of PEP in unselected patients. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate methodological quality. The data were carried out in forest plots using fixed-effect methods, and random-effect methods were used when heterogeneity was significant. RESULTS: A total of nine trials were included in our final analysis. Rectal NSAIDs were effective to reduce the incidence of PEP in unselected patients (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.79), especially for moderate-to-severe PEP (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.17-0.79). Both indomethacin (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.88) and diclofenac (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.69) were significantly efficacious. Rectal NSAIDs given pre-ERCP showed significant efficacy (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39-0.71), whether when given within 30 min pre-ERCP (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.92) or not (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28-0.67). CONCLUSION: Rectal NSAIDs are effective in the prevention of PEP in unselected patients.

[Cerebrosides isolated from Arisaema flavum].

Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reverse phase (C-18) column chromatography were used for the research of chemical constituents occurred in Arisaema flavum(Forsk.) Schott. The structures were elucidated by comparison physico-chemical properties and NMR spectroscopic data with those of known compounds. Seventeen cerebrosides were identified as 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2'(R)-acetoxyoctadecanoyl)amido]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (1), 2'-O-acetylsoyacerebroside I (2), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 13Z)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-1, 3-dihydroxy-4, 13-docosadiene (3), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-heptadecadiene (4), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene (5), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxypalmitoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene (6), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene (7), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (8), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxypentadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (9), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (10), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8Z)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (11), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoylamino]-1, 3-hydroxy-4, 8-octadecadiene (12), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-1, 3-hydroxy-4-hexadecane (13), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4R, 8Z)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl]-8-(Z)-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (14), 1-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3S, 4E, 8E)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]-4-(E), 8-(Z)-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (15), typhoniside A (16), and 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxypalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1, 3-diol (17). Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the plant for the first time, while the remained compounds were isolated from the genus Arisaema for the first time.

Activating transcription factor 6 alleviates secondary brain injury by increasing cystathionine γ-lyase expression in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comprises primary and secondary injuries, the latter of which induces increased inflammation and apoptosis and is more severe. Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is a type-II transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ATF6 target genes could improve ER homeostasis, which contributes to cryoprotection. Hence, we predict that ATF6 will have a protective effect on brain tissue after ICH. METHOD: The ICH rat model was generated through autologous blood injection into the right basal ganglia, the expression of ATF6 after ICH was determined by WB and IF. The expression of ATF6 was effectively controlled by means of intervention, and a series of measures was used to detect cell death, neuroinflammation, brain edema, blood-brain barrier and other indicators after ICH. Finally, the effects on long-term neural function of rats were measured by behavioral means. RESULT: ATF6 was significantly increased in the ICH-induced brain tissues. Further, ATF6 was found to modulate the expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) after ICH. Upregulation of ATF6 attenuated neuronal apoptosis and inflammation in ICH rats, along with mitigation of ICH-induced brain edema, blood-brain barrier deterioration, and cognitive behavior defects. Conversely, ATF6 genetic knockdown induced effects counter to those aforementioned. CONCLUSIONS: This study thereby emphasizes the crucial role of ATF6 in secondary brain injury in response to ICH, indicating that ATF6 upregulation may potentially ameliorate ICH-induced secondary brain injury. Consequently, ATF6 could serve as a promising therapeutic target to alleviate clinical ICH-induced secondary brain injuries.

Isolation of triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus harbouring cyp51A mutations from five patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in Yunnan, China.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most severe type of Aspergillus infection. Yunnan has developed agriculture, and the proportion of triazole-resistant A. fumigatus induced by triazole fungicides is much higher than that in other regions of China. Inhalation of triazole-resistant A. fumigatus is one of the main factors inducing IA. We gathered five strains of A. fumigatus from the sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with IA in Yunnan. Subsequent testing showed that all of these strains were resistant to triazoles and harboured mutations in the tandem repeat sequence of the cyp51A promoter region, suggesting that they may be triazole-resistant A. fumigatus present in the environment.

A novel fluorescence probe for ultrafast detection of SO2 derivatives/biogenic amines and its multi-application: Detecting food and fish freshness, fluorescent dye and bioimaging.

In this study, we have effectively prepared a novel fluorescent probe named HDXM based on benzopyran derivatives for the ultrafast detection (within 3 s) of SO2 derivatives or biogenic amines. HDXM showed a noticeable color change after the addition of SO2 derivatives (from purple to colorless) or biogenic amines (from purple to blue), indicating that HDXM can identify two analytes with the naked eye. It is worth noting that HDXM can be used to detect SO2 derivatives in actual sugar samples, and to image HSO3-/SO32- in living cells. More importantly, sensing labels (HDXM-loaded filter paper or agarose hydrogel) enable real-time visual monitoring of salmon freshness through colorimetric and fluorescence dual channels. Compared with the Chinese national standard method, the sensing label is an effective tool for evaluating the freshness of fish. Benefiting from its excellent solubility and fluorescence performance, HDXM can be used as a versatile fluorescent material in various applications, including flexible films, glass coatings, impregnating dyes, printing, and fingerprint ink. HDXM is expected to be a promising and valuable multifunctional tool for food safety and fluorescent materials.

A sensing label or gel loaded with an NIR emission fluorescence probe for ultra-fast detection of volatile amine and fish freshness.

A simple benzopyran-based fluorescence probe DCA-Apa detection of volatile amine has been synthesized. DCA-Apa can recognize volatile amines by dual channel mode (changing from blue to light yellow in sunlight, and from weak pink to orange under 365 nm) in pure water system. DCA-Apa has the advantages of ultra-fast response (∼6 s), NIR emission (655 nm), and a good fluorescence response for many amines. The sensing label or gel loaded with DCA-Apa was prepared by the dipping or mixing method using filter paper or gelatin as solid carriers, which can identify volatile amine vapor and monitor the freshness of salmon by colorimetric and fluorescent dual channels. When the color of the label changes to light yellow-green or the fluorescence of the label becomes orange fluorescence (365 nm UV lamp), it indicates that the fish has rotted. The two-channel method makes up for the deficiency of the single colorimetric method, and establishes a theoretical foundation for more precise assessment of fish freshness.

Visualizing the crucial roles of plasma membrane and peroxynitrite during abdominal aortic aneurysm using two-photon fluorescence imaging.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and cell plasma membrane (CPM) are two key factors in cell pyroptosis during the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, their combined temporal and spatial roles in initiating AAA pathogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we developed a two-photon fluorescence probe, BH-Vis, enabling real-time dynamic detection of CPM and ONOO- changes, and revealing their interplay in AAA. BH-Vis precisely targets CPM with reduced red fluorescence intensity correlating with diminished CPM tension. Concurrently, a blue shift of the fluorescence signal of BH-Vis occurs in response to ONOO- offering a reliable ratiometric detection mode with enhanced accuracy by minimizing external testing variables. More importantly, two photon confocal imaging with palmitic acid (PA) and ganglioside (GM1) manipulation, which modulating cell pyroptosis, showcases reliable fluorescence fluctuations. This groundbreaking application of BH-Vis in a mouse AAA model demonstrates its significant potential for accurately identifying cell pyroptosis levels during AAA development.

Comprehensive analysis of anoikis-related genes in prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that anoikis resistance is a key process in cancer cell metastasis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Therefore, anoikis may become a new treatment for gastric cancer. METHODS: We used the univariate Cox regression method to screen gastric cancer-related anoikis genes, and a prognostic risk model was established. We analyzed differences between high- and low-risk groups in terms of tumor infiltrating immune cells, gene mutation signatures, and treatment of gastric cancer. Analysis of model associated genes at single-cell resolution was performed. RESULTS: We filtered to 12 anoikis-related genes and built a prognostic risk model using seven of them, which performed well in multiple datasets. Patients with CCDC178 mutations had a worse prognosis. We also found that patients at low risk were more likely to benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy. ERBB2 was found to be highly expressed in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Our analysis also indicated that gastric cancer samples with high infiltration of iCAFs had a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION: Seven anoikis-related genes were selected to establish a risk model. The model can be used to predict the prognosis of patients and guide the drug treatment, which provides a new idea for the evaluation and treatment of gastric cancer patients.

Competing endogenous RNA network characterization of lymph node metastases in Leuran gastric cancer subtypes.

Gastric cancer is a kind of tumor with strong heterogeneity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) play significant roles in the development of tumors. In this study, we divided all TCGA gastric cancer patients into the whole, intestinal and diffuse cohorts for further analysis, and constructed competitive endogenous RNA network and evaluated immune cells using CIBERSORTx. The support vector machines recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) was used for screening significant signatures and the support vector machines (SVM) for establishing model predicting the lymph node metastasis. The performance of SVM model was good in the intestinal and diffuse cohort, while the model in the whole cohort was relatively poor. Some important co-expression patterns between immune cells and ceRNAs network indicated significant correlation CD70 with dendritic cells and so on. Our research inferred competing endogenous RNA network of lymph node metastasis and built an excellent predicting model.

Two-photon imaging for visualizing polarity in lipid droplets during chemotherapy induced Ferroptosis.

As a novel pattern of regulated cell death (RCD), Ferroptosis is induced by lipid peroxide-dependent iron accumulation, which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferroptosis regulates cell death via ROS accumulation-related lipid peroxides accumulation, affecting the structure and polarity of lipid droplets (LDs). Compared with reactive fluorescent probes, environment-sensitive fluorescent probes allow for maximum preservation of the intracellular environment while monitoring metabolic activity in situ, resulting in more accurate monitoring results. In this study, a polarity-sensitive two-photon fluorescent probe with anchoring capacity in LDs, LIP-Pola, is reported and applied to monitor the polarity of LDs during cell Ferroptosis by in situ imaging analysis of cell Ferroptosis via LDs polarity changes. Additionally, Paclitaxel is shown to increase the Ferroptosis level from data of cells and tumor tissue sections, suggesting that Paclitaxel may deactivate tumor cells by regulating Ferroptosis.

Experimental Investigation of Wave Propagation Characteristics in Entangled Metallic Wire Materials by Acoustic Emission.

In this paper, the response characteristics of wave propagation in entangled metallic wire materials (EMWMs) are investigated by acoustic emission. The frequency, amplitude of wave emission, and the pre-compression force of the specimen can be adjusted in the experimental setup. EMWM specimens fabricated from stainless steel wires and with different design parameters are tested in this work. The results show that waves of different amplitudes propagate in EMWMs with approximate linear characteristics and the fluctuation coefficient of wave passing ratios is calculated below 15%. The response spectrum of passing waves shows a distinct single-peak characteristic, with the peak response at approximately 14 kHz. The parameters of pre-compression force, porosity, wire diameter, helix diameter, specimen height, and the layered structure of specimens have no significant effect on the frequency characteristics but moderately affect the wave passing ratios. Notably, EMWMs exhibit a lower wave passing ratio (ranging from 0.01 to 0.18) compared to aluminum alloy and natural rubber. The characteristics of response spectrums can be successfully reproduced by the finite element simulation. This work demonstrates EMWMs' potential as an acoustic frequency vibration isolation material, offering excellent performance and engineering design convenience.

Galectin-3 promotes brain injury by modulating the phenotype of microglia via binding TLR-4 after intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype with high mortality and disability rate, and neuroinflammation is involved in secondary brain injury. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is one of the scaffold proteins of Galectins. Studies have indicated that Gal-3 plays an important role in the physiological and pathological state of the nervous system. Here we focus on the role of Gal-3 in ICH, especially in neuroinflammation. METHODS: Injection of autologous blood into the right basal ganglia was used to simulate ICH injury, and the level of Gal-3 in brain was regulated by related means. The changes of Gal-3 were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence, the level of neuroinflammation by immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. Apoptosis and neuron loss were detected by TUNEL staining FJB staining and Nissl staining, and neurological deficits were judged by neurobehavioral tests. RESULTS: The protein level of Gal-3 increased at 24 h after ICH. Downregulation of Gal-3 level can reduce the infiltration of M1-type microglia and peripheral inflammatory cells, thus alleviating post-ICH neuroinflammation, and reducing cell apoptosis and neuron loss in brain tissue. ICH-induced neurological damage was rescued. Meanwhile, the promotion in the expression level of Gal-3 increased neuroinflammatory activation and nerve cell death, aggravating ICH-induced brain injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study proves that Gal-3 is involved in neuroinflammation and nerve damage after ICH. Gal-3 expression should not be encouraged early on to prevent neuroinflammation. which provides a new possibility for clinical treatment for ICH patients.