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OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of steam killenzyme torrefaction on the quality of Camellia nitidissima. METHODS: Based on the quality evaluation index, Camellia nitidissima was processed by steam killenzyme torrefaction and sun-dried. The contents of functional ingredients such as flavonoids, saponins, tea polyphenols, polysaccharides, amino acids, tea extracts, catechin and epicatechin were determined by HPLC and UV. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS method, DPPH x assay, pyrogallol method and phenanthroline. RESULTS: Compared with the sun-dried sample, the total flavonoids, saponins and epicatechin content were decreased in varying degrees, catechin was not detected. CONCLUSION: The water soluble components content of Camellia nitidissima is increased, and antioxidant capacity is enhanced by processed using steam killenzyme torrefaction. By contrast, the alcohol soluble components and antioxidant capacity are decreased.
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Camellia/química , Catequina/química , Flavonoides/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles/química , Saponinas/química , Antioxidantes , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Vapor , AguaRESUMEN
The study is aimed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 18 Sarcandra glabra resources from different populations,and guide parent selection of cross breeding between these resources. The molecular marker technique ISSR was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the 18 resources. Data was analyzed by POPGEN 32, and a cluster diagram was presented by UPGMA. One hundred and ninety-eight amplified fragments were obtained using 23 ISSR primers. One hundred and eighty-four polymorphic loci were identified. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was 0.32, Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.485 4. The genetic similarity coefficient among the resources ranged from 0.383 8 to 0.878 8 in an average of 0.661 2. The genetic distance between sample S2 and sample S18 was the farthest, so as between sample S3 and sample S18 both Nei's genetic distance was 0.957 5, The genetic distance between sample S4 and sample S5 was the closest, the Nei's genetic distance was 0.129 2,and the sample S1, S2, S3, S7, S10 were significantly different from the others based on the clustering analysis, the three groups S2 vs S3, S2 vs S6, S2 vs S18 were the best parent group selection. There was a middle level of genetic differentiation in the resources. The genetic distance between resources gives useful information to guide parent selection of cross breeding.
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Variación Genética , Magnoliopsida/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Magnoliopsida/clasificación , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The paper is aimed to identify SNP in Sarcandra glabra and Chloranthus spicatus, and authenticate S. glabra from Ch. spicatus and the mixture by using PCR amplification of specific alleles. SNPs in the ITS sequences of S. glabra and Ch. spicatus were found by ClustulX 2. 1 program and Bioedit software. Primers for authentic S. glabra and Ch. spicatus was designed according to the SNP site, and ITS sequence universal primers plus to the authentic primer to construct a multi-PCR reaction system, and then optimized the PCR reaction system. Five hundred and eighty band special for S. glabra and 470 bp band special for Ch. spicatus were found by using multi-PCR reaction. The multi-PCR reaction system could be applied to identify S. glabra and Ch. spicatus's leaves.
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ADN Ribosómico/genética , Magnoliopsida/genética , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , ADN de Plantas/análisis , ADN de Plantas/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/análisis , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Magnoliopsida/clasificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico/genética , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , ARN Ribosómico 5.8S/genética , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop the characteristic chromatographic profile of Sarcandra glabra by HPLC for its quality control. METHOD: The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with column temperature at 40 degree C. The mobile phase was consisted of water containing 0. 5% formic acid and acetonitrile to methanol (1:9) in gradient mode, and the detection wavelength was set at 344 nm. RESULT: A common mode of the HPLC characteristic chromatographic profile has been establised. There were 20 common peaks , seven of which were identified, and 46 samples from different habitats were classified into five groups based on principal component cluster analysis. CONCLUSION: The method was time-saving and can represent the chemical information and provide a scientific basis for quality control of S. glabra.
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Helechos/química , Compuestos Orgánicos/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Análisis por Conglomerados , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/normas , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Compuestos Orgánicos/aislamiento & purificación , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the association of thiazolidinedione (TZD)-related edema with genetic and clinical variables and develop a simple points system to predict the risk of developing TZD-related edema. METHODS: Fifty-eight (21.6%) of 268 individuals who received TZD for type 2 diabetes developed peripheral edema. Twenty-eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from candidate genes involved in sodium and water reabsorption were genotyped. Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of different genotypes and weighted genotypic scores with TZD-related edema risk. RESULTS: Individuals with edema were older, predominantly female, and had greater weight gain. The AQP2 rs296766 T allele was associated with TZD-related edema [allelic P=0.0059; odds ratio (OR), 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-5.17]. The SLC12A rs12904216 G allele had borderline significance (allelic P=0.049), which disappeared after correction for multiple testing. Patients with two SNP-based (AQP2 rs296766 and SLC12A1 rs12904216), who weighted genotypic scores within the top quartile, had a higher risk of developing TZD-related edema (OR, 16.45; 95% CI, 3.05-88.76). Combining the weighted genetic scores of two SNPs or all SNPs with age and sex information significantly improved the predictive power for TZD-related edema. We also developed a simple risk factor-based points system to predict an individual's risk of developing TZD-related edema. CONCLUSION: A clinically applicable prediction model including age, sex, and genetic information from AQP2 rs296766 and/or SLC12A rs12904216 SNPs can be developed to estimate the risk of TZD-related edema in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/inducido químicamente , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Tiazolidinedionas/efectos adversos , Anciano , Alelos , Acuaporina 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Edema/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de Riesgo , Simportadores de Cloruro de Sodio-Potasio/genética , Miembro 1 de la Familia de Transportadores de Soluto 12RESUMEN
A new orchid species, Bulbophyllum pingnanense, is described and illustrated from Fujian, China. It is similar to Bulbophyllum brevipedunculatum and Bulbophyllum albociliatum in vegetative and floral morphology, but it can be distinguished from Bulbophyllum brevipedunculatum by having a longer dorsal sepal with longer white ciliate on margin, longer and lanceolate lateral sepals, and a glabrous lip. It can be distinguished from Bulbophyllum albociliatum by having a shorter inflorescence, and a longer dorsal sepal.