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Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), as emerging optoelectronic materials, necessitate the establishment of an experimentally viable system to study their interaction with light. In this study, we propose and analyze a WS2/PMMA/Ag planar Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity, enabling the direct experimental measurement of WS2 absorbance. By optimizing the structure, the absorbance of A exciton of WS2 up to 0.546 can be experimentally achieved, which matches well with the theoretical calculations. Through temperature and thermal expansion strain induced by temperature, the absorbance of the A exciton can be tuned in situ. Furthermore, temperature-dependent photocurrent measurements confirmed the consistent absorbance of the A exciton under varying temperatures. This WS2/PMMA/Ag planar structure provides a straightforward and practical platform for investigating light interaction in TMDCs, laying a solid foundation for future developments of TMDC-based optoelectronic devices.
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Despite extensive research on water oxidation catalysts over the past few decades, the relationship between high-valent metal-oxo intermediates and the O-O bond formation pathway has not been well clarified. Our previous study showed that the high spin density on O in RuV=O is pivotal for the interaction of two metal-oxyl radical (I2M) pathways. In this study, we found that introducing an axially coordinating ligand, which is favorable for bimolecular coupling, into the Ru-pda catalyst can rearrange its geometry. The shifts in geometric orientation altered its O-O bond formation pathway from water nucleophilic attack (WNA) to I2M, resulting in a 70-fold increase in water oxidation activity. This implies that the I2M pathway is concurrently influenced by the spin density on oxo and the geometry organization of the catalysts. The observed mechanistic switch and theoretical studies provide insights into controlling reaction pathways for homogeneous water oxidation catalysis.
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BACKGROUND: Given that viral infections can increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous miscarriage, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preterm birth, the effects of COVID-19, a novel emerging coronavirus disease rapidly spreading globally, on pregnancy outcomes have garnered significant attention. METHODS: We conducted a review of studies related to pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 over the past five years (December 2019 to April 2023), utilizing search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). This study was registered with PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024540849. RESULTS: A total of 218 articles were screened, with 15 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for this research, including 12 cohort studies, one cross-sectional study, one case-control study, and one case series. Six studies found that the preterm birth rate was higher in the infected group compared to the control group; five studies showed that the cesarean section rate was higher in the infected group; three studies found that the APGAR scores of newborns were higher in the control group than in the infected group; three studies indicated that the mortality rate of newborns in the infected group was higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective review suggests that compared to pregnant women not infected with SARS-CoV-2, those diagnosed with COVID-19 are more likely to experience adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and low birth weight in newborns.
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COVID-19 , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Embarazo , Femenino , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Recién Nacido , Cesárea/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The wrinkles on graphene oxide (GO) membranes have unique properties; however, they interfere with the mass transfer of interlayer channels, posing a major challenge in the development of wrinkle-free GO membranes with smooth channels. In this study, the wrinkles on GO were flattened using vortex shear to tightly stack them into ultraflat GO membranes with Newton's ring interference pattern, causing hydrolysis of the lipid bonds in the wrinkles and an increase in the number of oxygen-containing groups. With increasing flatness, the interlayer spacing of the GO membranes decreased, improving the stability of the interlayer structure, the flow resistance of water through the ultraflat interlayer decreased, and the water flux increased 3-fold. Importantly, the selectivity for K+/Mg2+ reached approximately 379.17 in a real salt lake. A novel concept is proposed for the development of new membrane preparation methods. Our findings provide insights into the use of vortex shearing to flatten GO.
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Oats (Avena sativa) are an important cereal crop and cool-season forage worldwide. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a protein ubiquitously expressed in response to heat stress in almost all plants. To date, the HSP90 gene family has not been comprehensively reported in oats. Herein, we have identified twenty HSP90 genes in oats and elucidated their evolutionary pathways and responses to five abiotic stresses. The gene structure and motif analyses demonstrated consistency across the phylogenetic tree branches, and the groups exhibited relative structural conservation. Additionally, we identified ten pairs of segmentally duplicated genes in oats. Interspecies synteny analysis and orthologous gene identification indicated that oats share a significant number of orthologous genes with their ancestral species; this implies that the expansion of the oat HSP90 gene family may have occurred through oat polyploidization and large fragment duplication. The analysis of cis-acting elements revealed their influential role in the expression pattern of HSP90 genes under abiotic stresses. Analysis of oat gene expression under high-temperature, salt, cadmium (Cd), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses demonstrated that most AsHSP90 genes were significantly up-regulated by heat stress, particularly AsHSP90-7, AsHSP90-8, and AsHSP90-9. This study offers new insights into the amplification and evolutionary processes of the AsHSP90 protein, as well as its potential role in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for understanding oat adaptation to abiotic stress, contributing to research and applications in plant breeding.
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Avena , Grano Comestible , Avena/genética , Avena/metabolismo , Grano Comestible/genética , Filogenia , Genoma de Planta , Fitomejoramiento , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polygonatum kingianum Coll. & Hemsl (PK), a prominent medicine and food homology plant, has been consumed as a decoction from boiling water for thousands of years. 'Nine Steaming Nine Sun-drying' processing has been considered an effective method for enriching tonic properties, but studies investigating such impacts on PK and underlying mechanisms are extremely rare. RESULTS: We first demonstrated substantial improvements in the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemia effects of the Nine Steaming Nine Sun-drying processed PK water extracts compared with crude PK in cell models (i.e., HepG2 and Raw 264.7 cells). We then integrated foodomics and network pharmacology analysis to uncover the key compounds responsible for the improved benefits. A total of 551 metabolites of PK extracts were identified, including polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and organic acids. During processing, 204 metabolites were enhanced, and 32 metabolites were recognized as key constituents of processed PK responsible for the improved health-promoting activities, which may affect PI3K-Akt-, MAPK-, and HIF-1 pathways. We further confirmed the high affinity between identified key constituents of processed PK and their predicted acting targets using molecular docking. CONCLUSION: Our results provide novel insights into bioactive compounds of processed PK, elaborating the rationality of processing from the perspective of tonic effects. Consuming processed PK could be an efficacious strategy to combat the high prevalence of metabolic diseases that currently affect millions of people worldwide. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Hiperglucemia , Polygonatum , Humanos , Polygonatum/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/prevención & control , Estrés Oxidativo , Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, we introduce an electrochemical doping strategy aimed at manipulating the structure and composition of electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs). Our methodology is exemplified through a representative c-MOF, Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP=2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexaiminotriphenylene), synthesized into porous thin films supported by nanocellulose. While the c-MOF exhibits characteristic capacitive behavior in neutral electrolyte; it manifests redox behaviors in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Evidence indicates that the organic ligands within c-MOF undergo oxidation (p-doping) and reduction (n-doping) when exposed to specific electrochemical potentials in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Interestingly, the p-doping process proves reversible, with the c-MOF structure remaining stable across cyclic p-doping/de-doping. In contrast, the n-doping is irreversible, leading to the gradual decomposition of the framework into inorganic species over a few cycles. Drawing on these findings, we showcase the versatile electrochemical applications of c-MOFs and their derived composites, encompassing electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and ultrafast actuation. This study provides profound insights into the doping of c-MOFs, offering a new avenue for modulating their chemical and electronic structure, thereby broadening their potential for diverse electrochemical applications.
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Anastomotic leakage (AL), one of the most severe complications in rectal surgery, is often diagnosed late because of the low specificity of the clinical symptoms and limitations of current clinical investigations. Identification of patients with early AL remains challenging. Here, we explored the protein expression profiles of AL patients to provide potential biomarkers to identify AL in patients who undergo surgery for rectal cancer. We screened differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in drainage fluid from AL and non-AL patients using a tandem mass tag method. A total of 248 DEPs, including 98 upregulated and 150 downregulated proteins, were identified between AL and non-AL groups. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses suggested that DEPs were enriched in neutrophil degranulation, bacterial infection, proteolysis, hemostasis, and complement and coagulation cascades. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validated that the expression of the top three upregulated DEPs, AMY2A, RETN, and CELA3A, was significantly increased in the drainage fluid of AL patients, compared with that of non-AL patients (AMY2A, P = 0.001; RETN, P < 0.0001; and CELA3A, P = 0.023). Thus, our findings provide several potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AL after rectal cancer resection.
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Fuga Anastomótica , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Fuga Anastomótica/diagnóstico , Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Fuga Anastomótica/cirugía , Proteómica , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Drenaje/efectos adversos , Drenaje/métodos , BiomarcadoresRESUMEN
Many enzymes use adaptive frameworks to preorganize substrates, accommodate various structural and electronic demands of intermediates, and accelerate related catalysis. Inspired by biological systems, a Ru-based molecular water oxidation catalyst containing a configurationally labile ligand [2,2':6',2â³-terpyridine]-6,6â³-disulfonate was designed to mimic enzymatic framework, in which the sulfonate coordination is highly flexible and functions as both an electron donor to stabilize high-valent Ru and a proton acceptor to accelerate water dissociation, thus boosting the catalytic water oxidation performance thermodynamically and kinetically. The combination of single-crystal X-ray analysis, various temperature NMR, electrochemical techniques, and DFT calculations was utilized to investigate the fundamental role of the self-adaptive ligand, demonstrating that the on-demand configurational changes give rise to fast catalytic kinetics with a turnover frequency (TOF) over 2000 s-1, which is compared to oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in natural photosynthesis.
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Metal-containing nanoparticles possess nanoscale sizes, but the exploitation of their nanofeatures in nanofabrication processes remains challenging. Herein, we report the realization of a class of zinc-based nanoparticle liquids and their potential for applications in controlled nanofabrication. Utilizing the metal-core charge shielding strategy, we prepared nanoparticles that display glass-to-liquid transition behavior with glass transition temperature far below room temperature (down to -50.9 °C). Theoretical calculations suggest the outer surface of these unusual nanoparticles is almost neutral, thus leading to interparticle interactions weak enough to give them liquefaction characteristics. Such features endow them with extraordinarily high dispersibility and excellent film-forming capabilities. Twenty-two types of nanoparticles synthesized by this strategy have all shown good lithographic properties in the mid-ultraviolet, electron beam, or extreme ultraviolet light, and these nanoparticle liquids have achieved controlled top-down nanofabrication with predesigned 18 or 16 nm patterns. This proposed strategy is synthetically scalable and structurally extensible and is expected to inspire the design of entirely new forms of nanomaterials.
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Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with direct bandgaps are considered promising candidates for building light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One crucial indicator of their performance is the brightness of electroluminescence (EL). In this study, we fabricate WS2-based LEDs that make full use of the assistance of effective transient-mode charge injection. By introducing self-assembled silver nanoparticles (NPs) on top of the LED, the extraction efficiency is significantly improved, with a 2.9-fold EL enhancement observed in the experiment. Full-wave simulations further confirm that the improvement comes from the scattering capability of silver NPs, with results qualitatively fitting the experiment. This approach, with its compatibility with van der Waals heterostructures, can be further promoted to enhance the brightness of 2D monolayer TMDC-based LEDs.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of HPV-independent cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). METHODS: A total of 3869 patients with CSCC from 2017 to 2021 were searched. p16INK4a immunochemistry (IHC), two HPV-DNA(L1) polymerase chain reactions and HPV mRNA in situ hybridization were performed. Viral copies were detected using the 21 HPV quantitative test. RESULTS: Six cases showed negative results in all four assays (group 1, 0.16%). Twenty-seven cases showed discordant results (group 2), and 3836 cases presented all-positive results (group 3). p16INK4a IHC showed similar sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value compared to the other three direct HPV assays. 21 HPV genotyping showed 100% of negative predictive value. HPV copies were extremely lower in Group 2 than in Group 3 (P < 0.01), but were not significantly different from those in Group 1. Older age, advanced FIGO stage (III-IV) and abnormal p53 (p53abn) IHC were independent predictors of HPV-negative status in univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Group 2 had similar proportions of age >60 years and p53abn IHC with Group 1, but had fewer cases with advanced FIGO stage (P < 0.05) and TILs (P < 0.05). Groups 1 and 2 had worse disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than Group 3 (P < 0.01), while no significant difference was found between these two groups. HPV-negative status was a risk factor for both DFS (P < 0.05) and DSS (P < 0.01) in univariate but not multivariate Cox regression. CONCLUSIONS: Joint detection of multiple technologies and evaluation of clinicopathological characteristics discriminate between HPV-independent and low-copy HPV-associated CSCC cases that present similar prognoses. Additional attention should be paid to these low-copy HPV-associated cases in clinical practice.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , ADN Viral/análisis , Papillomaviridae/genéticaRESUMEN
High-dimensional clustering analysis is a challenging problem in statistics and machine learning, with broad applications such as the analysis of microarray data and RNA-seq data. In this paper, we propose a new clustering procedure called spectral clustering with feature selection (SC-FS), where we first obtain an initial estimate of labels via spectral clustering, then select a small fraction of features with the largest R-squared with these labels, that is, the proportion of variation explained by group labels, and conduct clustering again using selected features. Under mild conditions, we prove that the proposed method identifies all informative features with high probability and achieves the minimax optimal clustering error rate for the sparse Gaussian mixture model. Applications of SC-FS to four real-world datasets demonstrate its usefulness in clustering high-dimensional data.
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Algoritmos , Aprendizaje Automático , Análisis por ConglomeradosRESUMEN
A novel marine bacterium designated strain PHK-P5T was isolated from a sea anemone (Actinostolidae sp. 1). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain PHK-P5T belonged to the genus Sneathiella. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, oval- to rod-shaped, and motile. Growth was observed at pH 6.0-9.0, salinities of 2.0-9.0â% and temperatures of 4-37 °C. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 49.2â%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10. The principal fatty acids of strain PHK-P5T were C19â:â0cyclo ω8c (25.19â%), C16â:â0 (22.76â%), summed feature 8 (C18â:â1 ω7c/ω6c; 16.14â%), C14â:â0 (8.81â%), C17â:â0cyclo (8.10â%), summed feature 2 (C12â:â0 aldehyde and/or unknown 10.928; 7.19â%) and C18â:â1 ω7c 11-methyl (5.03â%). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among the genomes of strain PHK-P5T and the reference strains were 68.7-70.9â% and 17.4-18.1â%, respectively. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain PHK-P5T represents a novel species within the genus Sneathiella, for which the name Sneathiella marina sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain PHK-P5T (=MCCC M21824T=KCTC 82924T).
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Alphaproteobacteria , Anémonas de Mar , Animales , Ácidos Grasos/química , Fosfolípidos/química , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Anémonas de Mar/genética , Filogenia , Océano Pacífico , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Composición de Base , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
Resolution, line edge/width roughness, and sensitivity (RLS) are critical indicators for evaluating the imaging performance of resists. As the technology node gradually shrinks, stricter indicator control is required for high-resolution imaging. However, current research can improve only part of the RLS indicators of resists for line patterns, and it is difficult to improve the overall imaging performance of resists in extreme ultraviolet lithography. Here, we report a lithographic process optimization system of line patterns, where RLS models are first established by adopting a machine learning method, and then these models are optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. Finally, the process parameter combination with optimal imaging quality of line patterns can be obtained. This system can control resist RLS indicators, and it exhibits high optimization accuracy, which facilitates the reduction of process optimization time and cost and accelerates the development of the lithography process.
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Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a relatively rare phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by focal thickening of the left ventricular (LV) apical myocardium, showing a spade-shaped shadow on the left ventricle. We present the case of a 59-year-old man who was found to have AHCM, is an asymptomatic orthotopic heart transplantation (HTx) patient. This rare and progressive case of LV apical hypertrophy emerged from the fourth year post surgery. We analyzed the etiology of this case and summarized the clinical manifestations and prognosis of AHCM following HTx by reviewing our case and the literature.
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Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica Apical , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica , Trasplante de Corazón , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagen , Miocardio , Trasplante de Corazón/efectos adversos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , ElectrocardiografíaRESUMEN
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a non-coding RNA molecule that lacks polyadenylated tails and is highly stable, abundant, and conserved in human cells. CircRNAs can serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge microRNAs (miRNA) and block their effects on target mRNA expression. CircRNAs also have possible relevance to cancer and therefore may be considered as ideal biomarkers for monitoring cancer progression. Of the about 300,000 predicted human circRNAs, only a few have validated biological functions related to cancer. To better understand the ceRNA role of circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed genome-wide circRNA-based RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) on nine CRC tumor samples and their paired histologically normal adjacent tissue samples. By profiling the mRNA expression in the same patients, we further explored the expression correlation between circRNAs and mRNAs generated from the same parental gene. Focusing on the concordant differential expression between circRNAs and mRNAs, we substantially reduced the regulatory noise. In total, we identified 694 circRNA-mRNA pairs that were consistently up or downregulated between tumor and normal tissues. These 694 circRNA-mRNA pairs are from 182 protein-coding genes associated with hormone responses and chemotaxis. Of these 182 genes, 43 are downstream targets of three highly conserved miRNAs (miR-410-3p, miR-135a, and miR-30a). Interestingly, these 43 genes are highly mutated in another cohort from eight independent CRC studies, which have significant effects on patient survival time. Focusing on miR-410-3p and its target oncogene MET, we experimentally validated the ceRNA regulatory motif of circMET. Notably, circMET is substantially upregulated in CRC cell lines and could promote cell proliferation and growth. By confirming the regulatory relationship between miR-410-3p and circMET, we propose a new mechanism for the observed sustained activation of MET in CRC. In conclusion, our work identifies a novel regulatory role of circMET and provides a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , MicroARNs , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met , ARN Circular , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/genética , ARN Circular/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismoRESUMEN
N-acetyl sugar amidotransferase (NASAT) is involved in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the formation of the acetamido moiety (sugar-NC(=NH)CH3) on the O-chain. So far, little is known about its structural and functional properties. Here, we report the crystal structure of an N-acetyl sugar amidotransferase from Legionella pneumophila (LpNASAT) at 2.33 Å resolution. LpNASAT folds into a compact basin-shaped architecture with an unusually wide and open putative substrate-binding pocket and a conserved zinc ion-binding tetracysteine motif. The pocket contains a Rossmann-like fold with a PP-loop, suggesting that the NASAT-catalyzed amidotransfer reaction probably requires the conversion of ATP to AMP and PPi. Our data provide structural insights into the NASAT family of proteins, and allow us to possibly identify its functionally important regions.
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Lipopolisacáridos , Azúcares , Bacterias/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Recently, flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) have attracted intensive attention owing to their ability to mimic and function as electronic skin. Some sensors are exploited with a biological structure dielectric layer for high sensitivity and detection. However, traditional sensors with bionic structures usually suffer from a limited range for high-pressure scenes due to their high sensitivity and high hysteresis in the medium pressure range. Here, a reconfigurable flea bionic structure FPS based on 3D printing technology, which can meet the needs of different scenes via tailoring of the dedicated structural parameters, is proposed. FPS exhibits high sensitivity (1.005 kPa-1 in 0-1 kPa), wide detection range (200 kPa), high repeatability (6000 cycles in 10 kPa), low hysteresis (1.3%), fast response time (40 ms), and very low detection limit (0.5 Pa). Aiming at practical application implementation, FPS has been correspondingly placed on a finger, elbow, arm, neck, cheek, and manipulators to detect the actions of various body parts, suggestive of excellent applicability. It is also integrated to make a flexible 3 × 3 sensor array for detecting spatial pressure distribution. The results indicate that FPS exhibits a significant application potential in advanced biological wearable technologies, such as human motion monitoring.
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Tacto , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , Biónica , Humanos , Movimiento (Física) , PresiónRESUMEN
Autophagy plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Our previous study suggested that serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) regulates aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Glycolysis modulates cellular autophagy during tumor growth; however, the role of STK25 in autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we found that STK25 expression was decreased in CRC tissues and CRC patients with high STK25 expression had a favorable prognosis. Functional assays suggested that STK25 inhibition promoted autophagy in CRC cells. Overexpression of STK25 exhibited the opposite effects. Moreover, the results of western blot demonstrated that silencing STK25 induced autophagy by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, STK25 could be a potential indicator for therapies targeting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in CRC.