AwSclB regulates a network for Aspergillus westerdijkiae asexual sporulation and secondary metabolism independent of the fungal light control.

As a prevalent pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae poses a threat to both food safety and human health. The fungal growth, conidia production and ochratoxin A (OTA) in A. weterdijkiae are regulated by many factors especially transcription factors. In this study, a transcription factor AwSclB in A. westerdijkiae was identified and its function in asexual sporulation and OTA biosynthesis was investigated. In addition, the effect of light control on AwSclB regulation was also tested. The deletion of AwSclB gene could reduce conidia production by down-regulation of conidia genes and increase OTA biosynthesis by up-regulation of cluster genes, regardless under light or dark conditions. It is worth to note that the inhibitory effect of light on OTA biosynthesis was reversed by the knockout of AwSclB gene. The yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that AwSclB could interact with the promoters of BrlA, ConJ and OtaR1 genes. This result suggests that AwSclB in A. westerdijkiae can directly regulate asexual conidia formation by activating the central developmental pathway BrlA-AbaA-WetA through up-regulating the expression of AwBrlA, and promote the light response of the strain by activating ConJ. However, AwSclB itself is unable to respond to light regulation. This finding will deepen our understanding of the molecular regulation of A. westerdijkiae development and secondary metabolism, and provide potential targets for the development of new fungicides.

Analysis of Pathological Factors of Long Head of Biceps Tendinopathy Based on Network Pharmacology.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Danggui Buxue Tang in the treatment of biceps longus tendon lesions, and to preliminarily explore the relevant factors affecting this injury. METHODS: Using network pharmacology analysis methods, the potential mechanism of Danggui Buxue Tang in treating key lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle was studied. RESULTS: Model analysis revealed 44 protein-protein interactions associated with long head binding. The distribution of 19 strongly correlated targets is Pharmaper>SEA>Stitch>Swiss. Further discovery revealed 17 immune system and inflammation related KEGG pathways with P values less than 0.01. The TNF and sphingolipid signaling pathways are associated with inflammation, while the MAPK signaling pathway is associated with immunity. Finally, it was found that the FoxO and HIF-1 signaling pathways are directly associated with long head restraint injury in the biceps brachii muscle. CONCLUSION: Danggui Buxue Tang inhibits related pathways, regulates the immune system, reduces inflammation, and alleviates disease progression. Danggui Buxue Tang can be an effective choice for treating combined lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle.

A Strategy for the Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on the Self-Triggered Degradation of Metal-Organic Frameworks by Phosphate.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is widely present in the human body and is an important biomarker. Numerous ALP detection studies have been carried out, and ascorbic acid (AA) is often used as the reducing component in the sensors to monitor ALP levels since it can be produced from ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) hydrolysis in the presence of ALP. However, it is well-known that AA is a strong reducing agent and can be easily oxidized. The disproportion between oxidized AA and reduced AA reactions results in the generation of AA free radicals with single electrons that may lead to inaccurate results in assays. To solve this problem, we synthesized a core-shell metal-organic framework sensor (PATP-Au@ZIF-8 NP) and used it as a sensitive and accurate ALP detection sensor with self-triggered control of phosphate ions (Pi) to avoid the potential inaccuracy of the method that uses AA as the reducing component. By establishing a physical shell on the surface of the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), the sensor not only can eliminate the random assembly of metal nanoparticles caused by plasma exposure but also can generate self-triggering of Pi caused by ALP. Pi can decompose ZIF-8 through coordination with Zn2+ and thus can destroy the ZIF-8 shell structure of the prepared PAZ NPs. Au NPs are released and then become aggregated, in turn causing the SERS "hot spot" area to increase. The enhancement of the SERS signals was found to be directly associated with the level of Pi released from ALP-triggered hydrolysis. The response of the strategy was linear at ALP concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 150 mU/mL (r = 0.996) with a detection limit of 0.03 mU/mL. Lastly, the developed strategy was employed in the evaluation of ALP inhibitors, and the possibility to implement the developed SERS strategy for rapid and selective analysis of ALP in human serum was demonstrated.

Cardiac tropoini T (TNNT2) plays a potential oncogenic role in colorectal carcinogenesis.

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TNNT2 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells and its expression in CRC tissues to better understand the regulatory role of TNNT2 in CRC. METHODS: Western blotting (WB) and qPCR were used to detect the expression of TNNT2 in colorectal cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell and other experiments were used to clarify the role of TNNT2 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Changes in TNNT2, EGFR and HER2 mRNA transcription levels were detected by SYBR Real-Time PCR assay, and the effects of TNNT2 overexpression or knockdown on the expression of EGFR, HER2 and EMT-related proteins in CRC cells were determined by WB. TNNT2 and EGFR intreaction was carried out in HCT116 cells by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. RESULTS: The protein and mRNA expression level of TNNT2 in CRC tissues were higher than those in paracancerous tissues. The CCK-8 results suggested that overexpression of TNNT2 significantly promoted the proliferation of HCT116 and RKO cells, and TNNT2 konckdown gets the opposite result; and the colony formation results were the same as tthose of CCK-8 assay. Transwell invasion and migration experiments showed that overexpression of TNNT2 promoted the migration and invasion of HCT116 and PKO cells, and TNNT2 konckdown suppressed the migration and invasion of the these cells. The SYBR Green I real-time PCR method revealed that them RNA levels of TNNT2, EGFR and HER2 in the TNNT2 overexpression group were higher than those in RKO cells. WB showed that overexpressing TNNT2 increased the expression of EGFR and HER2 in HCT16 and RKO cells,decreased the expression of EMT marker E-cadherin, and increased the expression of Vimentin and N-cadherin. Konckdown of TNNT2 decreased the expression of EGFR and HER2, increased the expression of E-cadherin, and decreased the expression of Vimentin and N-cadherin in HCT16 and RKO cells. The immunocoprecipitation experiment showed that there was an interaction between EGFR and TNNT2. CONCLUSION: TNNT2 can promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. There is an interaction between TNNT2 and EGFR protein. TNNT2 can upregulate EGFR and HER2-related proteins in colorectal cancer cells and promote the occurrence of EMT. Therefore, TNNT2 can promote the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells through the EGFR/HER2/EMT signal axis, suggesting that TNNT2 is a potential target of CRC treatment.

Synthesis of 1-Aryltetralins via Re2O7/HReO4 Mediated Intramolecular Hydroarylations.

Here, we describe highly efficient intramolecular hydroarylations mediated by Re2O7/HReO4. Styrene derivatives of different electronic properties have been activated to effect a challenging intramolecular hydroarylation for the facile access to various substituted 1-aryltetralin structures. This method is characterized by mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, high chemical yields, and 100% atom economy. The potential synthetic application of this methodology was exemplified by the efficient total synthesis of an isoCA-4 analogue.

Hsa-miR-497-3p impedes the proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells by controlling epithelial-mesenchymal transition through ZEB1 targeting.

This study aimed to examine the hsa-miR-497-3p effect and mechanism on the behavior of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We evaluated the expression of Hsa-miR-497-3p in tissue samples obtained from patients diagnosed with TNBC or luminal breast cancer (BrCa), utilizing the quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We transfected hsa-miR-497-3p mimics and NC into MDA-MB-231 cells, whilehsa-miR-497-3p inhibitor and NC into TNBC cells, respectively. To examine the impact of hsa-miR-497-3p expression level on TNBC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, we employed MTT, clone formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. We utilized both q-PCR and western blot to validate the role of hsa-miR-497-3p in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TNBC cells. To confirm the targeting relationship between hsa-miR-497-3p and ZEB1, we performed luciferase assays, q-PCR, and western blot analysis. We found that the hsa-miR-497-3p expression was down-regulated in both TNBC tissues and cell lines in comparison to luminal BrCa tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, hsa-miR-497-3p overexpression hindered the cell function of TNBC cells MDA-MB-231, while downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of vimentin and N-cadherin, while simultaneously upregulating E-cadherin expression. Our results demonstrate that hsa-miR-497-3p regulates EMT in TNBC cells through ZEB1 targeting, as evidenced by the modulation of the expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin via ZEB1 inhibition. Overall, our study suggests that hsa-miR-497-3p inhibits the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells through the modulation of EMT via ZEB1 targeting.

Competing endogenous RNA network construction based on long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and mRNAs related to fat deposition in Songliao black swine.

China has a long history of pig breeding and a number of local breeds. The Songliao Black pig, bred in China in 2009, shows high variation in backfat thickness and therefore is well-suited to fat deposition research. Fat deposition is a complex trait, and the underlying regulatory factors are not fully characterized. In this study, the molecular basis of fat deposition traits was evaluated by comparisons between three individuals with extremely high-backfat thickness and three with extremely low-backfat thickness selected from 53 gilts. Subcutaneous adipose tissues of the back were collected for strand-specific library RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and small RNA-seq. We identified 13 184 mRNAs, 2046 long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, and 494 micro (mi)RNAs by high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, we detected 150 differentially expressed mRNAs, 66 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and eight differentially expressed miRNAs. A functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes are involved in multiple fat metabolism-related pathways, including positive regulation of fat cell differentiation, and fat digestion and absorption. We used various algorithms (miRanda, TargetScan, and RNAhybrid) to predict targeting relationships and constructed a competing endogenous RNA network containing seven lncRNAs, three miRNAs, and six mRNAs. All these genes were differentially expressed between the extremely high and low backfat thickness groups or enriched in pathways related to fat metabolism. Our results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms by which non-coding RNAs and their target genes influence backfat deposition in pigs. Furthermore, our newly constructed competing endogenous RNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) network provides a basis for further exploration of fat deposition traits and non-coding RNA functions.

Prognostic roles of hematological indicators for the efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced tumors: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Immunocheckpoint inhibitor(ICI) is a major breakthrough in tumor treatment. It can activate the patient's own immune system and play an anti-tumor role, but not all patients can benefit from it. At present, there is still a lack of effective biomarkers to guide clinical application. The systemic immune inflammation(SII) index reflects the systemic inflammatory state and immune state of patients. Prognostic nutrition index(PNI) can be used to evaluate immune status of patients. Therefore, SII and PNI indexes may have some value in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy, but there is still a lack of relevant research. The purpose of our study was to explore the influence of SII and PNI index on the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy. METHODS: A total of 1935 patients treated with ICIs treatment in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from November 2016 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected. 435 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria. The imaging data, blood results of each patient were collected within 1 week before ICIs treatment. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio(PLR), monocyte lymphocyte ratio(MLR), PNI,systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI),neutrophil-eosinophil ratio(NER) was calculated. The patients were followed up by in-patient, out-patient reexamination and telephone contact, and the efficacy evaluation and survival status were recorded. The deadline of follow-up: January 2021. SPSS-24.0 software was employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the 435 patients receiving ICI treatment, 61,236 and 138 patients were evaluated respectively as partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate(ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of this cohort were 14.0% and 68.3%, respectively. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) is 4.0 months, The overall survival (mOS) of this cohort is 6.8 months. Multivariate analysis showed that SIRI(Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.304, P = 0.014), PNI (HR = 0.771, P = 0.019), prealbumin (PAB) (HR = 0.596, P = 0.001), and PNI(HR = 0.657, P = 0.008) were independent risk factors for PFS and OS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high SIRI value and low PNI value before ICI treatment have shorter PFS. Patients with higher PNI value have better prognosis. Therefore, hematological indicators may become predictors of immunotherapy.

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the detection of phosphate.

Over the past few years, ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes have garnered substantial interest because of their self-calibration characteristics. This research developed a ratiometric fluorescent sensor to detect phosphate. Through encapsulating luminescent materials, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and carbon dots (CDs) into a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), the fluorescence signal of AuNCs was enhanced, while that of CDs was suppressed. After phosphate was added, it could decompose ZIF-8, and AuNCs and CDs were released, which weakened the fluorescence signal of the AuNCs while restoring that of the CDs. Thereby, this makes CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 a potential fluorescent sensor for phosphate determination. The ratiometric sensor had facile synthesis, good selectivity, and a low detection limit. Therefore, this sensor was an effective tool for the detection of phosphate.

The Effects of Larval Cryopreservation on the Epigenetics of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas.

High mortalities and highly variable results during the subsequent development of post-thaw larvae have been widely considered as key issues restricting the application of cryopreservation techniques to support genetic improvement programs and hatchery production in farmed marine bivalve species. To date, few studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of cryodamage at the molecular level in bivalves. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of larval cryopreservation on the epigenetics of the resultant progenies of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The results show that the level of DNA methylation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower than that of the control when the trochophore larvae were revived and when they developed to D-stage larvae (day 1 post-fertilization), respectively, but the level returned to the control level from day 8 post-fertilization onwards. The expression of the epigenetic regulator genes DNMT3b, MeCP2, JmjCA, KDM2 and OSA changed significantly (p < 0.05) when the trochophore larvae were thawed, and then they reverted to the control levels at the D- and later larval developmental stages. However, the expression of other epigenetic regulator genes, namely, MBD2, DNMT1, CXXC1 and JmjD6, did not change at any post-thaw larval developmental stage. For the newly thawed trochophore larvae, the amount of methylated H3K4Me1 and H3K27Me1 significantly changed, and the expression of all Jumonji orthologs, except that of Jumonji5, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. These epigenetic results agree with the data collected on larval performances (e.g., survival rate), suggesting that the effect period of the published cryopreservation technique on post-thaw larvae is short in C. gigas.

Unexpected favorable outcome to sintilimab monotherapy in a relapse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient with high tumor mutational burden: a case report.

The reason that immune checkpoint inhibitors have not been widely applied to pancreatic cancer treatment is probably because of low immunogenicity or dense stromal fibrosis. Recently, only pembrolizumab was recommended for DNA mismatch repair deficiency or high microsatellite instability by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for more than 90% of pancreatic cancer, with a poor overall survival rate, the value of immunotherapy for PDAC needs more research. Here, we report a 56-year-old man suffered from PDAC with liver metastasis after radical surgery. The next-generation sequencing result demonstrated that it had remarkably high tumor mutational burden (TMB) of 49.92 Muts/Mb and microsatellite stability. Sintilimab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy was continuously administrated after failure of combined chemotherapy in second line, achieving stable disease within 22 months and few immunotherapy-related adverse events. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report a good outcome achieving 22 months with progression-free survival after PDAC metastasis with monotherapy of sintilimab. TMB may serve as a potential efficacy-related predictor in PDAC patients with sintilimab and help physicians make optimum clinical strategy.

Ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform based on carbon dots for detecting copper(II) ions and D-penicillamine.

A sensing platform with both ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric responses towards copper(II) ions (Cu2+) and D-penicillamine (D-pen) was constructed based on carbon dots (CDs). o-Phenylenediamine (OPD) was employed as a chromogenic development reagent for reaction with Cu2+ to generate the oxidation product 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD), which not only emits green fluorescence at 555 nm, but also quenches the blue fluorescence of CDs at 443 nm via the inner filter effect (IFE) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Additionally, oxOPD exhibits obvious absorption at 420 nm. Since the intense chelation affinity of D-pen to Cu2+ greatly inhibits the oxidation of OPD, the intensity ratio of fluorescence at 443 nm to that at 555 nm (F443/F555) and the absorbance at 420 nm (A420) were conveniently employed as spectral response signals to represent the amount of D-pen introduced into the testing system. This dual-signal sensing platform exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards both Cu2+ and D-pen, with low detection limits of 0.019 µM and 0.092 µM, respectively. In addition, the low cytotoxicity of the testing reagents involved in the proposed sensing platform facilitates its application for live cell imaging.

A Model-Agnostic Meta-Baseline Method for Few-Shot Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines.

The technology of fault diagnosis is helpful to improve the reliability of wind turbines, and further reduce the operation and maintenance cost at wind farms. However, in reality, wind turbines are not allowed to operate with faults, so few fault samples could be obtained. With a small amount of training data, traditional fault diagnosis models that need huge samples under a deep learning framework are difficult to maintain with high accuracy and effectiveness. Few-shot learning can effectively solve the problem of overfitting caused by fewer fault samples in model training. In view of model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML), this paper proposes a model for few-shot fault diagnosis of the wind turbines drivetrain, which is named model-agnostic meta-baseline (MAMB). The training data is input to the base classification model for pre-training, then, some data is randomly selected from the training set to form multiple meta-learning tasks that are utilized to train the MAML to finally fine-tune the later layers of the model at a smaller learning rate. The proposed model was analyzed by the small samples of the bearing data from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) data, the generator bearings, and gearboxes vibration data in wind turbines under randomly changing operating conditions. The results verified that the proposed method was superior in one-shot, five-shot, and ten-shot tasks of wind turbines.

Low-cost compressive sensing imaging based on spectrum-encoded time-stretch structure.

A low-cost compressive sensing imaging (CSI) system based on spectrum-encoded time-stretch (SETS) structure involving cascaded Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) for spectral domain random mixing (also known as the optical random pattern generator) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A proof-of-principle simulation and experiment is performed. A mode-locked laser with a repetition rate of 50MHz and low-cost cascaded MZIs as the key devices enable fast CSI system. Data compression ratio from 6% to 25% are obtained using proposed CSI based SETS system. The proposed design solves the big data issue in the traditional time-stretch system. It has great potential in fast dynamic phenomena with low-cost and easy-access components.

Recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC). METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database, Metstr, VIP, and others and manually searched books and magazines until 2019 for articles about the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy in patients with SqCLC. A second search was conducted on the review literature. According to the criteria of the literature screen, the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) of recombinant human endostatin combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of SqCLC were included. After the data were extracted and analyzed, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis for the outcome indicators. Then, heterogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses were carried out, and the publication bias of this study was tested in Stata 13.0 software. Six RCTs and eight non-RCTs were included. In total, 821 patients with SqCLC were included. RESULTS: The response rate (RR) was 2.12 (95% CI: 1.57-2.85, p < 0.00001). The disease control rate (DCR) was 2.38 (95% CI: 1.70-3.32, p < 0.00001). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Regarding safety, the incidence rates of the adverse reactions cardiotoxicity, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal reactions were not significantly different between the two groups (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.79-3.68; OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.61-1.42; OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.71-1.64; OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.56-1.30, respectively). CONCLUSION: The combined treatment had a better therapeutic effect than chemotherapy alone. It did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions in the course of treatment.

Investigation of circular RNAs in an ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Acarina: Varroidae) of the honey bee.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of non-protein-coding transcripts that are involved in a diverse spectrum of regulatory mechanisms across a broad range of biological processes. To date, however, few studies on circRNAs have investigated their role in the biology of invertebrate parasites. The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is perceived as the principal biotic threat towards global honey bee health. This parasite cannot be sustainably controlled partially due to the lack of knowledge about its basic molecular biology. In this paper, we unveil the circRNA profile of V. destructor for the first time and report the sources, distribution, and features of the identified circRNAs. Exonic, intronic, exon-intron, and intergenic circRNAs were discovered and exon-intron circRNAs were the most abundant within the largest spliced length. Three hundred and eighty-six (8.3%) circRNAs were predicted to possess translational potential. Eleven circRNAs, derived from six parental genes, exhibited strong bonds with miRNAs as sponges, suggesting an efficient post-transcriptional regulation. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the parental genes of the identified circRNAs showed that these non-coding RNAs were mainly engaged in protein processing, signal transduction, and various metabolism processes. To our knowledge, this is the first catalog of a circRNA profile of parasitiformes species, which reveals the prevalence of circRNAs in the parasite and provides biological insights for future genetic studies on this ubiquitous parasitic mite.

Metabolomic analysis of honey bees (Apis mellifera) response to carbendazim based on UPLC-MS.

Pesticides are one of the main causes of colony losses globally, posing a huge threat to the beekeeping industry. The fungicide carbendazim is commonly used on many crops worldwide, but the effects of fungicides on honey bees have received less attention than those of insecticides. Previous studies have shown that sublethal doses of carbendazim hinder growth and development and may destabilize and impede the development of honey bee colonies. The metabolome closely reflects brain activity at the functional level, allowing the effects of compounds such as fungicides to be investigated. Here, we established a model of carbendazim-treated honey bees, Apis mellifera, and used metabolomic approaches to better understand the effect of carbendazim on bee metabolic profiles. The results showed that 112 metabolites were significantly affected in carbendazim-treated bees compared to the control. Metabolites associated with energy and amino acid metabolism showed high abundance and were enriched for a wide range of pathways. In addition, the down-regulation of Aflatoxin B1exo-8,9-epoxide-GSH and glycerol diphosphate showed that carbenazim may affect the detoxification and immune system of honey bees. These results provide new insights into the interaction between fungicides and honey bees.

Vibration Analysis for Fault Detection of Wind Turbine Drivetrains-A Comprehensive Investigation.

Vibration analysis is an effective tool for the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind turbine drivetrains. It enables the defect location of mechanical subassemblies and health indicator construction for remaining useful life prediction, which is beneficial to reducing the operation and maintenance costs of wind farms. This paper analyzes the structure features of different drivetrains of mainstream wind turbines and introduces a vibration data acquisition system. Almost all the research on the vibration-based diagnosis algorithm for wind turbines in the past decade is reviewed, with its effects being discussed. Several challenging tasks and their solutions in the vibration-based fault detection of wind turbine drivetrains are proposed from the perspective of practicality for wind turbines, including the fault detection of planetary subassemblies in multistage wind turbine gearboxes, fault feature extraction under nonstationary conditions, fault information enhancement techniques and health indicator construction. Numerous naturally damaged cases representing the real operational features of industrial wind turbines are given, with a discussion of the failure mechanism of defective parts in wind turbine drivetrains as well.

Integrated analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs reveals key trans-target genes associated with ETEC-F4ac adhesion phenotype in porcine small intestine epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in gene regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. LncRNAs are belonging to a large class of transcripts with ≥200 nt in length which do not code for proteins, have been widely investigated in various physiological and pathological contexts by high-throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatics analysis. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate genes that are associated with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 fimbriae (ETEC-F4ac) adhesion phenotype in small intestine epithelial cells of Large White piglets. To address this, we used RNA sequencing to profile lncRNAs and mRNAs of small intestine epithelial cells in Large White piglets differing in their ETEC-F4 adhesion phenotypes and ITGB5 genotypes. Eight male piglets were used in this study and were divided into two groups on the basis of their adhesion phenotype and ITGB5 genotypes, a candidate gene for F4ac receptor. Non-adhesive group (n = 4) with CC genotype and adhesive group (n = 4) with TT genotype. RESULTS: In total, 78 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNA) and 223 differentially expressed mRNAs (log2 |FC| > 1, P < 0.05) were identified in the comparison of non-adhesive vs. adhesive small intestine epithelial cells. Furthermore, cis- and trans-regulatory target genes of DE-lncRNAs were identified, then interaction networks of lncRNAs and their cis- and trans-target differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were constructed separately. A total of 194 cis-targets were involved in the lncRNAs-cis genes interaction network and 61 trans-targets, were involved in lncRNA-trans gene interaction network that we constructed. We determined that cis-target genes were involved in alcoholism, systemic lupus erythematosus, viral carcinogenesis and malaria. Whereas trans-target DEGs were engaged in three important pathways related to the ETEC-F4 adhesion phenotype namely cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and adherens junction. The trans-target DEGs which directly involved in these pathways are KCNMB1 in cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, GRB2 in focal adhesion pathway and ACTN4 in focal adhesion and adherens junction pathways. CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study provides an insight into biological functions and epigenetic regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs on porcine small intestine epithelial cells adhesion to ETEC-F4-ac and piglets' diarrhea susceptibility/resistance.