Prophylactic Effect of Simultaneous Placement of Mesh on Incidence of Parastomal Hernia After Miles' Surgical Resection of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the prophylactic effect of simultaneous placement of mesh and the incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) after abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer. METHODS: This study included real-world data of 56 surgically resected patients with colorectal cancer who were consecutively assigned to two groups: control (no mesh, n = 32) and experimental (received mesh, n = 24). An artificial patch was placed under the tunica vaginalis of rectus abdominis for patients in the experimental group, whereas those in the control group received routine sigmoidostomy. The median follow-up time was >20 mo. The difference in hazards function was analyzed by cox regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meir analysis was used to determine the survival curves. A P value of <0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The postoperative incidence rate of PSH was lower in the experimental (41.7%) group than in the control group (71.9%; P = 0.045). The PSH postoperative time in the experimental group was significantly delayed compared to the control group (48 mo versus 10 mo; P < 0.001). The risk of progression from H1 to H2 was less in the experimental group compared to the control group (49.28% versus 60.86%; P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic mesh placement significantly prolonged postoperative time for the recurrence of PSH. The incidence of recurrence of H2 (severe PSH) requiring secondary surgical repair was also reduced.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of sensory genes from the antenna and abdomen of Quadrastichus mendeli Kim.

Quadrastichus mendeli Kim is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa Fisher et La Salle, which is an invasive gall-making pest in eucalyptus plantations in the world. Gall-inducing insects live within plant tissues and induce tumor-like growths that provide the insects with food, shelter, and protection from natural enemies. Empirical evidences showed that sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. So far, what kind of sensory genes regulate parasitoids to locate gall-inducing insects has not been uncovered. In this study, sensory genes in the antenna and abdomen of Q. mendeli were studied using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 181,543 contigs was obtained from the antenna and abdomen transcriptome of Q. mendeli. The major sensory genes (chemosensory proteins, CSPs; gustatory receptors, GRs; ionotropic receptors, IRs; odorant binding proteins, OBPs; odorant receptors, ORs; and sensory neuron membrane proteins, SNMPs) were identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. The gene co-expression network constructed by WGCNA method is robust and reliable. There were 10,314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and among them, 99 genes were DEGs. A comprehensive sequence resource with desirable quality was built by comparative transcriptome of the antenna and abdomen of Q. mendeli, enriching the genomic platform of Q. mendeli.

Electroantennographic and olfactory responses of Quadrastichus mendeli to eucalyptus volatiles induced by the gall-forming insect Leptocybe invasa.

BACKGROUND: Although parasitoids can precisely locate hidden gall-inducing insects, the host location mechanism is unknown. In this study, our aim was to clarify the olfactory responses of the parasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli to eucalyptus volatiles induced by the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa. RESULTS: Q. mendeli preferred volatiles from gall-damaged plants compared with those produced by mechanically damaged and undamaged plants. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection results demonstrated that 3-carene, decanal, d-limonene, ethanone,1-(4-ethylphenyl)-, p-cymene and benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)- from DH 201-2 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus tereticornis) elicited significant antennal responses in Q. mendeli in all treatments. Q. mendeli was repelled by decanal and d-limonene and was attracted to 3-carene, benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)-, ethanone,1-(4-ethylphenyl) and p-cymene. Quaternary blends containing 3-carene, p-cymene, benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylpropyl)- and ethanone,1-(4-ethylphenyl)- at a ratio of 1:1:1:1 were attractive to Q. mendeli. However, quaternary blends with added decanal and d-limonene alone or both together induced significant repellence in Q. mendeli. CONCLUSION: Our report is the first to demonstrate that volatiles produced by galls induced by L. invasa are attractive to Q. mendeli, which suggests that this parasitoid could utilize herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate its host. The results are beneficial for understanding the function of plant volatiles in host searching by parasitoids of gall-forming insect pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.