Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral stimulation with breast milk for preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 68 subjects form neonatal intensive care unit were randomly assigned into control group (n=20), premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) group (n=25) and premature infant oral motor intervention with breast milk (BM-PIOMI) group (n=23). RESULTS: BM-PIOMI group had significant shorter initiation of oral feeding (IOF) time compared to PIOMI group (2.95 days, 95% CI [0.42-5.48]) or control group (9.79 days, 95% CI [7.07-12.51]). BM-PIOMI group had significant sooner transition time from IOF to full oral feeding (FOF) compared to control group (6.68 days, 95% CI [2.2-11.16]), but not to PIOMI group (2.09 days, 95% CI [-2.07 to 6.25]). Length of hospital stay (LOS) did not show statistical different between three groups (control 38.85 ± 14.40 vs. PIOMI 38.48 ± 11.76 vs. BM-PIOMI 38.04 ± 12.2). Growth mixture model identified improvement in non-nutritive sucking (NNS) score in BM-PIOMI group compared to control and PIOMI group (0.8293, p<0.0001, and 0.8296, p<0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Oral stimulation with breast milk can better promotes the oral feeding process of premature infants than the simple oral stimulation, by shorten IOF time and improve early NNS score, but does not shorten transition time from IOF to FOF and LOS.

Risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide from the perspective of nurses: A qualitative study.

The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Data were gathered from the focus group interviews of twelve nurses who had experienced inpatient suicide. The data were analyzed by using analytical technique based on grounded theory, and software QSR NVIVO8 was used to aid the collation of data. Three main themes of risk factors about inpatient suicide emerged from the analysis: individual value, social factors and environmental factors. The individual value was categorized into different groups such as sense of guilt, hopelessness and low self-esteem. Social factors included two aspects of negative life events and social support. Three themes of precautions about inpatient suicide appeared in this study: evaluation, nursing and information exchange. Evaluation was elaborated from both physical and psychological assessments. This finding extends existing work of risk factors and precautions about inpatient suicide and brings new knowledge about the reasons why inpatients commit suicide.

The complete mitochondrial genome of red-throated flycatcher Ficedula albicilla (Passeriformes: Ficedula).

We report the mitochondrial genome of Ficedula albicilla. The overall base composition of F. albicilla mitogenome is 29.49%A, 15.06%G, 32.98%C, and 22.47%T, with an A + T content of 51.96%. The total length of the sequence is 16,791 bp (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control regions). Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b using the neighbor-joining method and the Kimura 2-parameter model in MEGA 7.0 with 1000 bootstrap replicates.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Asian brown flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae).

We report the mitochondrial genome of Muscicapa latirostris. The overall base composition of the Asian brown flycatcher mitogenome is 24.31% T, 31.62% C, 29.62% A, and 14.44% G, with an A + T content of 53.93%. The total length of the sequence is 18,026 bp (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 control regions). Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b using the neighbor-joining method and the Kimura 2-parameter model in MEGA 7.0 with 1000 bootstrap replicates.

The complete mitochondrial genome of dark-sided flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae).

We report the mitochondrial genome of Muscicapa sibirica. The overall base composition of the dark-sided flycatcher mitogenome is 24% T, 31.8% C, 29.4% A, and 14.8% G, with an A + T content of 53.4%. The total length of the sequence is 17,879 bp (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 control regions). Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b using the neighbor-joining method and the Kimura 2-parameter model in MEGA 7.0 with 1000 bootstrap replicates.

Outpatient Experience of Human Caring Scale (OEHC-Scale): Improvement by Delphi Method.

Based on the outpatient interview and literature review, the initial framework of the outpatient experience of human caring scale was formed with 9 dimensions of outpatient process. The research aim was to improve the scale by Delphi method. Sixteen experts in medical management, human caring or medical education were invited to evaluate the importance of the dimensions and items of the scale and provided some expertise via filling out the Delphi consultation questionnaires twice in the consulting round. In the first round, the recovery rate showing the experts' positivity was 80%; the coefficient of reliability (Cr) ascertaining the authority of the evaluation was 0.92; the mean and full mark ratios responding the concentration of the evaluation were 2.88-4.94 and 6.25%-93.75% respectively; the coefficients of variation (CV) and the Kendall's W determining the concordance of the evaluation were 5.06%-52.15% and 0.21-0.24 respectively. In the second round, the recovery rate was 93.75%; the Cr was 0.93; the mean was 3.93-4.93; the full mark ratios were 26.67%-93.33%; the Kendall's W was 0.14-0.31, the CV was 5.25%-23.61%. Via the two-round Delphi study, the scale that included 10 dimensions and 61 items has been improved. Ten dimensions are pre-hospital medical service, guidance, registration, waiting, diagnosis & treatment, paying, inspection & assay, medicine receiving, therapy/injection/transfusion and global evaluation. It was concluded that Chinese scholars have paid high attention to human caring and outpatient experience. The experts have given high agreements about the dimensions which were established with Chinese outpatient process. The dimensions are different from the similar researches about outpatient experience study. In the future, it is necessary to survey the outpatients to test the construct validity, internal consistency reliability and others of the scale to improve the scale.

[Effects of chlorimuron-ethyl on soil microbial community structure in soybean field].

By using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) method, this paper studied the soil microbial community structure in the soybean fields with different chlorimuron-ethyl application history in Weihe district of Heilongjiang Province. In the meantime, the residual amount of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil was determined. There was a very low residual of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil under the conditions of different chlorimuron-ethyl application history. With the increasing year of chlorimuron-ethyl application, the total concentration of soil microbial PLFA and the ratios of fungi/bacteria and Gram negative/Gram positive bacteria decreased, and the microbial stress level increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that long-term application of chlorimuron-ethyl into soybean field changed the soil microbial community structure significantly.