RESUMEN
Novel (non-fluoroquinolone) inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases (NBTIs) are an emerging class of antibacterial agents. We report an optimized series of cyclobutylaryl-substituted NBTIs. Compound 14 demonstrated excellent activity both in vitro (S. aureus MIC90=0.125µg/mL) and in vivo (systemic and tissue infections). Enhanced inhibition of Topoisomerase IV correlated with improved activity in S. aureus strains with mutations conferring resistance to NBTIs. Compound 14 also displayed an improved hERG IC50 of 85.9µM and a favorable profile in the anesthetized guinea pig model.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Girasa de ADN/metabolismo , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinolinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/farmacología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Canales de Potasio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Cobayas , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimología , Streptococcus pyogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/enzimología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa/químicaRESUMEN
A structurally novel set of inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases with potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity was developed. Dual-targeting ability, hERG inhibition, and pharmacokinetic properties were also assessed.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Quinolinas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/química , Girasa de ADN/metabolismo , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/metabolismo , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo II/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Canales de Potasio Éter-A-Go-Go/antagonistas & inhibidores , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Quinolinas/administración & dosificación , Quinolinas/química , Ratas , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/enzimología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Recently, we disclosed a series of potent pyrimidine benzamide-based thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Unfortunately, the structural features required for the desired activity conferred physicochemical properties that were not favorable for the development of an oral agent. The physical properties of the series were improved by replacing the aminopyrimidinyl group with a piperidine-4-carboxylic acid moiety. The resulting compounds possessed favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, including good bioavailability.
Asunto(s)
Benzoatos/química , Benzoatos/metabolismo , Hidrazinas/química , Hidrazinas/metabolismo , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/metabolismo , Receptores de Trombopoyetina/agonistas , Receptores de Trombopoyetina/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Animales , Benzoatos/administración & dosificación , Disponibilidad Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Hidrazinas/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Pirazinamida/análogos & derivados , Pirazinamida/síntesis química , Pirazinamida/metabolismo , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
ß-Lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam) contribute significantly to the longevity of the ß-lactam antibiotics used to treat serious infections. In the quest to design more potent compounds and to understand the mechanism of action of known inhibitors, 6ß-(hydroxymethyl)penicillanic acid sulfone (6ß-HM-sulfone) was tested against isolates expressing the class A TEM-1 ß-lactamase and a clinically important variant of the AmpC cephalosporinase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PDC-3. The addition of the 6ß-HM-sulfone inhibitor to ampicillin was highly effective. 6ß-HM-sulfone inhibited TEM-1 with an IC(50) of 12 ± 2 nM and PDC-3 with an IC(50) of 180 ± 36 nM, and displayed lower partition ratios than commercial inhibitors, with partition ratios (k(cat)/k(inact)) equal to 174 for TEM-1 and 4 for PDC-3. Measured for 20 h, 6ß-HM-sulfone demonstrated rapid, first-order inactivation kinetics with the extent of inactivation being related to the concentration of inhibitor for both TEM-1 and PDC-3. Using mass spectrometry to gain insight into the intermediates of inactivation of this inhibitor, 6ß-HM-sulfone was found to form a major adduct of +247 ± 5 Da with TEM-1 and +245 ± 5 Da with PDC-3, suggesting that the covalently bound, hydrolytically stabilized acyl-enzyme has lost a molecule of water (HOH). Minor adducts of +88 ± 5 Da with TEM-1 and +85 ± 5 Da with PDC-3 revealed that fragmentation of the covalent adduct can result but appeared to occur slowly with both enzymes. 6ß-HM-sulfone is an effective and versatile ß-lactamase inhibitor of representative class A and C enzymes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Sulbactam/análogos & derivados , Sulbactam/farmacología , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Dominio Catalítico , Simulación por Computador , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Escherichia coli/genética , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Conformación Proteica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimología , Sulbactam/química , Inhibidores de beta-Lactamasas , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
In this paper, we present the synthesis and SAR as well as selectivity, pharmacokinetic, and infection model data for representative analogues of a novel series of potent antibacterial LpxC inhibitors represented by hydroxamic acid.
Asunto(s)
Amidohidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/síntesis química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/síntesis química , Éteres Fenílicos/síntesis química , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfuros/síntesis química , Sulfonas/síntesis química , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Dominio Catalítico , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Éteres Fenílicos/química , Éteres Fenílicos/farmacología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Ratas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfuros/química , Sulfuros/farmacología , Sulfonas/química , Sulfonas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The synthesis and biological activity of a new series of LpxC inhibitors represented by pyridone methylsulfone hydroxamate 2a is presented. Members of this series have improved solubility and free fraction when compared to compounds in the previously described biphenyl methylsulfone hydroxamate series, and they maintain superior Gram-negative antibacterial activity to comparator agents.
Asunto(s)
Amidohidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/síntesis química , Piridonas/síntesis química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/síntesis química , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Conformación Proteica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimología , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacología , Ratas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ácidos Sulfónicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Sulfónicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Nicotinamide (2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the PDE4D isozyme and as a chemical tool selectively blocks eosinophil mediator release and chemotaxis thus linking the role of PDE4D to eosinophil function.