RESUMEN
In this study, novel phosphorescent dipyrido[3,2-a;2'3'-c]phenazine (dppz)-platinum(II)-phenylacetylide complexes were developed to fabricate non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) by solution-processing. To facilitate the charge carrier injection into the emitting layer (EML), 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole-functinalized phenylacetylides were employed. As for the dppz ligand, 9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl and 4-hexylthiophen-2-yl side-arms were introduced to the 2,7-positions, which led to reddish orange and red photoluminescence (PL), respectively, in solution and film states (PL wavelength: ca. 600 and ca. 625 nm, respectively). The carbazole-appended phenylacetylide ligands hardly affected the emission color, although unsubstituted phenylacetylides gave rise to aggregate- or excimer-based near-infrared PL with a low quantum yield. Two types of non-doped OLEDs were fabricated: single-layer and multilayer devices. In both devices, the organic layers were fabricated by spin-coating, and the EML consisted of a neat film of the corresponding platinum(II) complex. Therein, electroluminescence spectra corresponding to those of PL were observed. The single-layer devices exhibited low device efficiencies due to a deteriorated charge carrier balance. The multilayer devices possessed hole- and electron-transporting layers on the anode and cathode sides of the EML, respectively. Owing to an improved charge carrier balance, the multilayer devices exhibited higher device performance, affording considerably improved values of luminance and external quantum efficiency.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Coronaria , Oclusión Coronaria/etiología , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Adolescente , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Aneurisma Coronario/etiología , Oclusión Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Dolor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/diagnóstico , Peritonitis/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/inmunología , Dolor Abdominal/microbiología , Femenino , Hepatitis/complicaciones , Hepatitis/inmunología , Hepatitis/microbiología , Humanos , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/inmunología , Hígado/microbiología , Náusea/inmunología , Náusea/microbiología , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/complicaciones , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/inmunología , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/microbiología , Peritonitis/complicaciones , Peritonitis/inmunología , Peritonitis/microbiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ultrasonografía , Vómitos/inmunología , Vómitos/microbiología , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Síndrome del Ligamento Arcuato Medio/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/cirugía , Adulto , Auscultación , Arteria Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Celíaca/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Laparoscopía , Síndrome del Ligamento Arcuato Medio/complicaciones , Síndrome del Ligamento Arcuato Medio/fisiopatología , Síndrome del Ligamento Arcuato Medio/cirugía , Respiración , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía DopplerAsunto(s)
Absceso Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Supuración/etiología , Uraco/anomalías , Absceso Abdominal/etiología , Absceso Abdominal/terapia , Dolor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Dolor Crónico/diagnóstico , Dolor Crónico/terapia , Humanos , Laparoscopía , Masculino , Supuración/diagnóstico , Supuración/terapia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ultrasonografía , Ombligo , Uraco/diagnóstico por imagen , Uraco/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms can continue through adolescence and adulthood, including difficulty in staying focused, paying attention, and controlling behavior, as well as hyperactivity. While children and adolescents with ADHD have functional impairments at multiple dimensions, there are no objective biological indicators to assess the severity of ADHD. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used as a noninvasive method for evaluating sensory and cognitive processes involved in attention tasks. Previous studies have shown that P300 amplitude or latency, a main component in ERPs, is altered in patients with ADHD. However, little is known about the relationship between P300 and the severity of ADHD symptoms. METHOD: We sought to measure both P300 amplitude and latency in ERPs during auditory oddball tasks in 44 patients with ADHD (mean age ± SD 10.28 ± 3.43 years) and 15 age- and gender-matched normally developing children (11.40 ± 3.02 years). In ADHD patients, we also assessed symptom severity using the ADHD rating scale-IV-Japanese version. RESULT: In ADHD groups, P300 amplitude and latency were attenuated and prolonged compared to controls at the frontocentral, centroparietal, and parietal positions. Furthermore, levels of P300 latency at these positions are positively correlated with the inattention subscale scores measured by the ADHD rating scale-IV-Japanese version. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the degree of P300 latency might reflect the severity of ADHD symptoms with children and adolescents, suggesting that ERPs are a useful technique to evaluate the severity of ADHD symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatología , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Adolescente , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Electroencefalografía , Potenciales Evocados/fisiología , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic drug treatment can potentially lead to adverse events such as leukopenia and neutropenia. Although these events are rare, they represent serious and life-threatening hematological side effects. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case study of a patient with schizoaffective disorder in a 50-year-old woman. We report a case of paliperidone extended-release (ER)-induced leukopenia and neutropenia in a female patient with schizoaffective disorder. Initiating lithium carbonate treatment and decreasing the dose of valproic acid improved the observed leukopenia and neutropenia. This treatment did not influence psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION: The combination of paliperidone ER and valproic acid induces increased paliperidone ER plasma levels. Lithium carbonate was successfully used to treat paliperidone ER-induced leukopenia and neutropenia.
Asunto(s)
Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/efectos adversos , Leucopenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Carbonato de Litio/uso terapéutico , Neutropenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Palmitato de Paliperidona/efectos adversos , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/administración & dosificación , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Leucopenia/inducido químicamente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Palmitato de Paliperidona/administración & dosificación , Palmitato de Paliperidona/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tourette's disorder (TD) is a chronic childhood-onset disorder characterized by the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics. Despite strong evidence that the pathophysiology of TD involves structural and functional disturbances of the basal ganglia and cortical frontal areas, in vivo imaging studies have produced conflicting results. Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology have enabled noninvasive assessment of brain function in people with psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We asked 10 individuals with pediatric TD and 10 healthy controls who were age- and sex- matched to perform the Stroop color-word task during NIRS. We used prefrontal probes and a 24-channel NIRS machine to measure the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) every 0.1 s during the task. RESULTS: We found that oxy-Hb changes in the prefrontal cortex were significantly smaller in the TD group compared with the control group, especially in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that individuals with pediatric TD have a reduced prefrontal hemodynamic response as measured by NIRS.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Prefrontal/irrigación sanguínea , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismo , Síndrome de Tourette/metabolismo , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/complicaciones , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Oxihemoglobinas/metabolismo , Desempeño Psicomotor , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Test de Stroop , Síndrome de Tourette/complicaciones , Síndrome de Tourette/psicologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Desmielinizantes , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Disartria , Fluidoterapia , Hipernatremia , Puente/diagnóstico por imagen , Temblor , Inconsciencia , Equilibrio Hidroelectrolítico , Anciano , Tratamiento Conservador/métodos , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/etiología , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/terapia , Disartria/diagnóstico , Disartria/etiología , Fluidoterapia/efectos adversos , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Humanos , Hipernatremia/complicaciones , Hipernatremia/diagnóstico , Hipernatremia/terapia , Masculino , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Examen Neurológico , Presión Osmótica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Temblor/diagnóstico , Temblor/etiología , Inconsciencia/diagnóstico , Inconsciencia/etiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Atomoxetine, approved in Japan for the treatment of pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in April 2009, is a nonstimulant that is thought to act presynaptically via the inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical tool that can be used to study oxygenation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex. The present study examined the effects of a clinical dose of atomoxetine on changes in prefrontal hemodynamic activity in children with ADHD, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy using the Stroop Color-Word Task. METHODS: Ten children with ADHD participated in the present study. We used 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the frontal lobes of participants in the drug-naïve condition and those who had received atomoxetine for 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted every 0.1 s during the Stroop Color-Word Task. We used the ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Japanese version (Home Version) to evaluate ADHD symptoms. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Japanese version scores, from 30.7 to 22.6 (P=0.003). During the Stroop Color-Word Task, we found significantly higher levels of oxyhemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex of participants in the atomoxetine condition compared with those in the drug-naïve condition. CONCLUSIONS: This increase in oxyhemoglobin changes might indicate an intensified prefrontal hemodynamic response induced by atomoxetine. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive tool for measuring the pharmacological effects of atomoxetine in children with ADHD.