RESUMEN
The anatomy of the upper airways influences the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The size of soft tissue structures, such as the tongue, soft palate, and lateral walls of the pharynx, contributes to the pathogenesis of OSA. New lines of treatment for sleep apnea, such as myofunctional therapy (MT), aim to strengthen the oropharyngeal musculature to improve the defining parameters of apnea. The present protocol uses ultrasound imaging to measure the size of the lingual musculature non-invasively and cost-effectively and evaluates the changes in its morphology. Eligible patients include those with OSA who have undergone submental cervical ultrasound and drug-induced sleep endoscopy before starting MT with the AirwayGym app. Follow-up evaluations are conducted at 3 months after beginning treatment. Patients diagnosed with OSA via questionnaires and polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy are evaluated anatomically and functionally using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, a tongue digital spoon, somnoscopy, and submental cervical ultrasound to assess their responses to the AirwayGym app. The lingual thickness (mm) and volume (cm3) and the distance between both lingual arteries (mm) are measured. The AirwayGym app helps users and therapists monitor the patient performance of MT. Incorporating submental ultrasound can be a useful non-invasive tool to evaluate OSA and MT.
RESUMEN
Antecedentes: el cáncer de la vía aerodigestiva superior (CVADS), al que con frecuencia se lo engloba como cáncer de cabeza y cuello, tiene una incidencia aproximada de 30 nuevos casos cada 100.000 habitantes por año, habiendo presentado un aumento significativo en la última década. Los principales factores de riesgo para el CVADS siguen siendo la exposición al tabaco y el alcohol, pero el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) se ha encontrado asociado en la etiología del 20 al 25% de los CVADS, principalmente los ubicados en la región de la orofaringe. El virus tiene dos oncoproteínas, E6 y E7. E6 tiene la propiedad de unirse a la proteína celular p53, que regula la transcripción de la p21 e inhibe las quinasas ciclindependientes, las cuales son esenciales para la progresión del ciclo celular a la fase S, haciendo que la célula se replique descontroladamente...
Background: cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (cuadt) that often encompasses it as cancer of the head and neck, has an incidence of 30 new cases per 100,000 population per year, having presented a significant increase in the last decade. The main risk factors for CUADT remain exposure to tabaco and alcohol, but the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found associated in the etiology of 20 to 25% of CUADT, mainly those located in the region oropharynx. The virus has two oncoproteins E6 and E7. E6 has the property of binding to cellular p53 protein that regulates transcription of p21, which inhibits cyclin dependent-kinases which are essential for cell cycle progression to S phase causing the cell to replicate uncontrollably...
Antecedentes: o câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior, que é frequentemente englobado no câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tem uma incidência aproximada de 30 casos novos cada 100.000 habitantes por ano, com um incremento significativo na última dé- cada. Os principais fatores de risco para o câncer de cabeça e de pescoço continuam sendo a exposição ao tabaco e ao álcool, mas o vírus do papiloma humano (VPH) é associado na etiologia de 20% até 25% dos casos de câncer do trato aerodigestivo superior, principalmente nos localizados na região da orofaringe. O vírus contém duas oncoproteínas E6 e E7. A E6 tem a propriedade de se unir à proteí- na celular p53, a qual regula a transcrição da p21, a qual inibe as quinases dependentes de ciclina que são essenciais para a progressão do ciclo celular à fase S, fazendo com que a célula se replique descontroladamente...