Women-centred workplace health promotion interventions: a systematic review.

AIM: To analyse workplace health promotion interventions implemented exclusively for the female population. BACKGROUND: The differences in biological, psychological and social characteristics, as well as the type of work carried out by men and women, make it necessary for workplace health promotion to be specific for each group. This study focussed on working women. INTRODUCTION: Workplace health promotion interventions are centred on increasing the well-being and health of the employees. Occupational health nurses play an essential role in the implementation of these interventions. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out using the MEDLINE and Scopus databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Two lines of interventions were found: (1) promotion of breastfeeding (16.6%) and (2) promotion of physical activity and other healthy lifestyles (83.4%). The interventions studied underlined promoting breastfeeding, preventing a sedentary lifestyle, improving body composition, reducing cardiovascular risk, relieving premenstrual symptoms, time of breastfeeding after returning to work, and showing favourable results. DISCUSSION: The lack of studies on the subject and the medium-to-low quality of the articles included in the review have made it difficult to analyse workplace health promotion interventions, making it necessary to continue research in this area. CONCLUSION: There are very few occupational health promotion interventions targeting women (1.9%), and the majority of them focus on promoting physical activity. It is worrying that specific aspects of women's health are poorly addressed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE AND HEALTH POLICY: The work of the occupational nurse essentially is to guarantee the health of women in the workplace, being the key figure in the research and development of gender-related policies in the field of public health.

Neurodevelopment in preschool idiopathic toe-walkers. / Desarrollo neuromadurativo en andadores de puntillas de edad preescolar.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic toe walking, a differential diagnosis for neurological and orthopaedic disorders, has been associated with neurodevelopmental alterations. Neurodevelopmental assessment at early ages using specific tests may improve management and follow-up of these patients. The aim of our study is to analyse the neurodevelopmental characteristics of preschool idiopathic toe-walkers (ITW) by comparing them to a control group. METHOD: Our descriptive cross-sectional study compared possible risk factors, neurodevelopmental characteristics, and scores on the Child Neuropsychological Maturity Questionnaire (CUMANIN) between a group of 56 ITWs aged 3 to 6 and a control group including 40 children. RESULTS: The proportion of males was significantly higher in the ITW group (P=.008). The percentage of patients with a family history (P=.000) and biological risk factors during the perinatal period (P=.032) was also higher in this group. According to the parents' reports, motor coordination in ITWs was significantly poorer (59%; P=.009). ITWs scored significantly lower on CUMANIN subscales of psychomotricity (=0,001) and memory (P=.001), as well as in verbal development (P=.000), non-verbal development (P=.026), and overall development (P=.004). Foot preference was less marked in the ITW group (P=.047). CONCLUSIONS: The neurodevelopmental characteristics of our sample suggest that idiopathic toe walking is a marker of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Desarrollo neuromadurativo en andadores de puntillas de edad preescolar / Neurodevelopment in preschool idiopathic toe-walkers

Introducción: La marcha de puntillas idiopática, considerada un diagnóstico de exclusión de alteraciones neurológicas y ortopédicas, se ha relacionado con alteraciones en diversas áreas del desarrollo neuromadurativo. La evaluación del neurodesarrollo en edades tempranas mediante un test específico podría mejorar el seguimiento y el abordaje terapéutico de estos niños. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características neuromadurativas de los andadores de puntillas (AP) de edad preescolar en relación con un grupo control (GC). Método: Mediante un estudio descriptivo transversal se han comparado los posibles factores de riesgo, las características del neurodesarrollo y los resultados del Cuestionario de Madurez Neuropsicológica Infantil (CUMANIN) de un grupo de 56 AP de entre 3 y 6 años con un GC de 40 niños. Resultados: Entre los AP había un mayor porcentaje de varones (p=0,008) y este grupo presentaba un porcentaje significativamente mayor de antecedentes familiares (p=0,000) y de factores de riesgo biológico durante el período perinatal (p=0,032). Los padres manifestaron que los AP mostraban una torpeza motriz significativamente superior (59%; p=0,009). Los AP obtuvieron en el CUMANIN puntuaciones significativamente inferiores en las escalas de psicomotricidad (p=0,001) y memoria (p=0,001), y en el desarrollo verbal (p=0,000), no verbal (p=0,026) y total (p=0,004), además de una menor definición de la lateralidad podálica (p=0,047). Conclusiones: Los AP de la muestra estudiada presentan características neuromadurativas específicas que apoyan la consideración de la marcha de puntillas como marcador de problemas del desarrollo, aunque son necesarios más estudios (AU)

Introduction: Idiopathic toe walking, a differential diagnosis for neurological and orthopaedic disorders, has been associated with neurodevelopmental alterations. Neurodevelopmental assessment at early ages using specific tests may improve management and follow-up of these patients. The aim of our study is to analyse the neurodevelopmental characteristics of preschool idiopathic toe-walkers (ITW) by comparing them to a control group. Method: Our descriptive cross-sectional study compared possible risk factors, neurodevelopmental characteristics, and scores on the Child Neuropsychological Maturity Questionnaire (CUMANIN) between a group of 56 ITWs aged 3 to 6 and a control group including 40 children. Results: The proportion of males was significantly higher in the ITW group (P=.008). The percentage of patients with a family history (P=.000) and biological risk factors during the perinatal period (P=.032) was also higher in this group. According to the parents’ reports, motor coordination in ITWs was significantly poorer (59%; P=.009). ITWs scored significantly lower on CUMANIN subscales of psychomotricity (=0,001) and memory (P=.001), as well as in verbal development (P=.000), non-verbal development (P=.026), and overall development (P=.004). Foot preference was less marked in the ITW group (P=.047). Conclusions: The neurodevelopmental characteristics of our sample suggest that idiopathic toe walking is a marker of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings (AU)

Riesgos ortopédicos en los niños andadores de puntillas de edad preescolar / Orthopedic risks in preschool idiopathic toe-walkers

Introducción: La marcha de puntillas idiopática, considerada un diagnóstico de exclusión de alteraciones neurológicas y ortopédicas, se ha relacionado con diversas alteraciones ortopédicas del pie y del tobillo. Aunque la limitación en la movilidad del tobillo resulta el criterio de valoración e indicación terapéutica más empleado, su evaluación en edades tempranas y la comparación con valores de normalidad no han sido apenas estudiadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar si la evaluación precoz de los niños andadores de puntillas (AP) pone de manifiesto características clínicas diferenciales que indiquen riesgos ortopédicos. Pacientes y métodos: Mediante un estudio descriptivo transversal se ha comparado la estática y la movilidad de rodilla, tobillo y pie de un grupo de 56 AP de 3-6 años de edad con un grupo de 40 niños de un grupo control (GC). Resultados: Se descartó en los AP (el 69,6% varones; p= 0,008) un flexo de rodilla, pero presentaron una menor movilidad pasiva del tobillo con la rodilla flexionada (p <0,05) y una mayor disminución del apoyo del talón en bipedestación que los niños del GC (p= 0,000). Los AP mostraron también una mayor pronación del pie, corroborada en un mayor valgo de calcáneo, ángulo de pronación, caída del navicular y pico de pronación en la huella plantar (p <0,05). Conclusiones: La evaluación clínica de los AP en edad preescolar mediante pruebas específicas facilita la detección de riesgos ortopédicos, lo que podría permitir establecer medidas específicas para evitar su posible evolución negativa (AU)

Introduction: Idiopathic tiptoe gait, considered as a diagnosis of exclusion of neurological and orthopedical diseases, has been related to various foot and ankle orthopedic alterations. The limitation of the ankle movement range is the main guideline for evaluation and therapeutical indication. However, its early assessment and its comparison with normality values have been seldom studied. The aim of the present work is to verify if the early evaluation of toe walkers (TW) reveals specific clinical characteristics denoting orthopedical risks. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the posture and the movement of knee, ankle and foot of a group of 56 TW and a group of 40 controls (CG), aged 3 to 6 years old. Results: TW children, 69.6% of them boys (p= 0.008), did not suffer a knee flexum, but they demonstrated a lower passive ankle mobility measured with the knee flexed (p <0.05) and a diminution of the heel support while standing than CG children (p= 0.000). TW also showed more pronation of the foot, objectified in a higher calcaneus valgus, pronation angle, navicular drop and pronation peak observed in the footprint (p <0.05). Conclusions: Clinical evaluation in preschool ITW by means of specific measures helps detecting orthopedical risks. It could allow to set particular strategies to prevent their possible negative evolution (AU)