Wrestling injuries during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the injuries of Olympic wrestlers during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games held in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this descriptive epidemiological study, injury report forms were used to collect and analyse injury data during the competitions. RESULTS: During 410 matches in the Rio Olympic Games, 21 injuries were recorded among 346 wrestlers (112=women), a rate of 5.1 injuries/100 bouts and 6.1 injuries/100 athletes. During 322 matches in the Tokyo Olympic Games, 28 injuries were recorded among 287 wrestlers (96=women), with 8.7 injuries/100 bouts and 9.8 injuries/100 athletes. However, these apparent differences in injury rates between Tokyo and Rio were not statistically significant (injuries/bout: p=0.057, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.02; injuries/athlete: p=0.087, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.08). Mild injuries comprised the greatest proportion of injuries in both Olympic Games. Severe injuries accounted for 0%, 16.7% and 36.4% of injuries in Greco-Roman, Freestyle and Women's wrestling, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most wrestling injuries in the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were mild skin injuries in the head and face regions due to direct body contact during standing positions in the 1/8-final round of wrestling competitions. No critical injury was observed during the recent Olympic Games. Attention should be drawn to preventing upper limb joint dislocations as common severe injuries in both Olympic Games. While not statistically significant, the Tokyo Games, after the COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed a higher injury occurrence than the Rio Games.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 expression is increased in non-lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients.

TRPV3 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 3) is a pro-inflammatory ion channel mostly expressed by keratinocytes of the human skin. Previous studies have shown that the expression of TRPV3 is markedly upregulated in the lesional epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients suggesting a potential pathogenetic role of the ion channel in the disease. In the current study, we aimed at defining the molecular and functional expression of TRPV3 in non-lesional skin of AD patients as previous studies implicated that healthy-appearing skin in AD is markedly distinct from normal skin with respect to terminal differentiation and certain immune function abnormalities. By using multiple, complementary immunolabelling and RT-qPCR technologies on full-thickness and epidermal shave biopsy samples from AD patients (lesional, non-lesional) and healthy volunteers, we provide the first evidence that the expression of TRPV3 is markedly upregulated in non-lesional human AD epidermis, similar to lesional AD samples. Of further importance, by using the patch-clamp method on cultured healthy and non-lesional AD keratinocytes, we also show that this upregulation is functional as determined by the significantly augmented TRPV3-specific ion current (induced by agonists) on cultured non-lesional AD keratinocytes when compared to healthy ones.

Moderate and Severe Injuries at Five International Olympic-Style Wrestling Tournaments during 2016-2019.

As a contact sport, wrestling may result in injuries. Based on the severity, they are classified as mild, moderate, severe and critical. All injuries occurring at international competitions are documented in a cloud-based surveillance system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and characteristics of moderate and severe (including critical) wrestling injuries that occurred during five international Olympic-style wrestling competitions in 2016-2019. Three Wrestling World Championships and two European Wrestling tournaments were organized by the Hungarian Wrestling Federation in 2016-2019. A total of 2483 wrestlers in three Olympic wrestling styles have competed in 3007 matches. Data from all injuries were recorded and analyzed to define rates, locations, types and severity, and to compare with previous reports. A total of 53 wrestlers sustained 55 injuries, which is equivalent to an overall injury incidence rate of 9.1‰ (9.1/1000 athletic exposures). Greco-Roman and Women Wrestling had the same injury incidence rate, while Freestyle had a lower one (9.5‰ versus 8.5‰). The injury proportion by regions and anatomic locations were on head and face 29.1%, spine and trunk 16.4 % and the upper-and-lower extremity injuries equally 27.3%. The most common types of injuries included ligament lesions, joint injuries, skin lacerations, and contusions. Five wrestlers (0.8‰) sustained strangulation or concussion. Wrestling injury rates during United World Wrestling competitions are not high, but when happen they can be serious. Despite relatively low incidence rate of injuries, there is a need for continuous education for medical teams, referees and coaches to avoid wrestling injuries.

Subspecialty training in Europe: a report by the European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists.

BACKGROUND: ESGO (European Society of Gynaecological Oncology) and partners are continually improving the developmental opportunities for gynaecological oncology fellows. The objectives of this survey were to evaluate the progress in the infrastructure of the training systems in Europe over the past decade. We also evaluated training and assessment techniques, the perceived relevance of ENYGO (European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists) initiatives, and unmet needs of trainees. METHODOLOGY: National representatives of ENYGO from 39 countries were contacted with an electronic survey. A graduation in well/moderately/loosely-structured training systems was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis and frequency tables, as well as two-sided Fisher's exact test, were used. RESULTS: National representatives from 33 countries answered our survey questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 85%. A national fellowship is offered in 22 countries (66.7%). A logbook to document progress during training is mandatory in 24 (72.7%) countries. A logbook of experience is only utilized in a minority of nations (18%) for assessment purposes. In 42.4% of countries, objective assessments are recognized. Trainees in most countries (22 (66.7%)) requested additional training in advanced laparoscopic surgery. 13 (39.4%) countries have a loosely-structured training system, 11 (33.3%) a moderately-structured training system, and 9 (27.3%) a well-structured training system. CONCLUSION: Since the last publication in 2011, ENYGO was able to implement new activities, workshops, and online education to support training of gynaecological oncology fellows, which were all rated by the respondents as highly useful. This survey also reveals the limitations in establishing more accredited centers, centralized cancer care, and the lack of laparoscopic training.

Suprapubic pressure facilitates the procedure of office hysteroscopy: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To minimize the experienced pain during office hysteroscopy, a number of technical approaches and maneuvers are used. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of suprapubic pressure (SuPuP) applied during hysteroscopy. The impact of this maneuver on experienced pain (assessed by visual analog scale [VAS]) and duration of passage through the cervical canal was measured and compared to a reference group with no SuPuP. METHODS: Hysteroscopy was performed in study subjects as part of their infertility work-up. Patients were randomized into two groups as part of a controlled trial. In group 1, SuPuP was applied while inserting the scope; in group 2, SuPuP was not applied. Pain experienced during the procedure was measured on a 0-10 VAS. Duration of passage through the cervical canal was measured by analyzing the video of the procedure. The effect of SuPuP was estimated by testing for between-groups differences in these outcomes. RESULTS: The number of patients included the study was 60. Mean (SD) VAS score was 3.40 (1.276) in group 1 compared to 3.33 (0.802) in group 2 (P = 0.809). Mean (SD) time of passage through the cervical canal in group 1 was 30.5 (18.37) seconds compared to 43.0 (24.51) seconds in group 2 (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Applying suprapubic pressure could facilitate the procedure by significantly shortening the duration of the passage through the cervical canal, but significantly not reduces the pain experienced during hysteroscopy. Further studies are to be undertaken to investigate the advantages of suprapubic pressure during office hysteroscopy.

The effect of localization and histological verification of endometrial polyps on infertility.

AIM: Our purpose is to investigate if transcervical resection of endometrial polyps improves the fertility in ovulatory infertile women, and whether polyp histology, intrauterine location, and the technique of polypectomy have any influence on the pregnancy rates. METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical data of 87 ovulatory infertile women who underwent hysteroscopy and polypectomy, and their 12-month follow-up have been analyzed. Subgroups according to the method of polyp removal (resectoscope or curettage), the polyp localization (utero-tubal, anterior, posterior, lateral, multiple) and the histological result were interpreted. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 33.99 ± 4.24 years. There were no differences in the BMI and basal FSH levels between the subgroups. Pregnancy was recorded in 30 (34.5%) within the next 12 months without any difference between the subgroups of polypectomy method applied. Posterior wall polyp resection increased the pregnancy chance (OR 5.02), but no other differences were observed in 1-year pregnancy rates to other localizations. Removal of polyps which had normal endometrial histology had lower pregnancy rates as compared to that of polyps with hyperplasia or endometrial polyp histology results (OR 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Polypectomy improved the conception rate in the subsequent year regardless of the intrauterine localization and the method of its surgical removal. Therefore, we can conclude that polypectomy should be considered in infertile women.

[Rapidly progressive proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G deposits despite the mild histological changes. Case report]. / Enyhe szövettani eltérések ellenére gyors progressziójú proliferativ glomerulonephritis monoklonális immunglobulin-G-depozitumokkal.

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits is characterized by granular deposits of monoclonal IgG; histologically it has typically a membranoproliferative or endocapillary pattern, and seen electronmicroscopically there are dense deposits without substructure. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman who was admitted with rapidly progressive kidney failure. The patient's status, the laboratory and imaging examinations did not support prerenal, postrenal and - among the intrinsic causes - vascular and tubulointerstitial origin. The proteinuria and dysmorphic microhematuria suggested rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Tests for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, anti-glomerular basement membrane, antinuclear antibodies and cryoglobulins were negative, the C3 and C4 levels were normal. The biopsy evaluation diagnosed proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits because of mesangial granular deposits of IgG3-kappa, C3, and C1q, and ultrastructurally electron-dense deposits (incidence in our adult native kidney biopsy series: 0.18%). 31 glomeruli were assessed histologically. 29 glomeruli displayed mild mesangial hypercellularity, 2 glomeruli were globally sclerotic. Crescents were not observed. Mild arteriolar hyalinosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy accompanied the glomerular alterations. In the postbiopsy evaluation, paraprotein or multiple myeloma was not detected. Despite the mild histological findings, the kidney failure progressed, and hemodialysis had to be started two weeks after the biopsy. Steroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab did not affect her kidney function, and she remained on hemodialysis during the follow-up of 39 months. This report presents for the first time proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits as the possible cause of rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome in the absence of pronounced glomerular proliferative, sclerotic or tubulointerstitial lesions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1567-1572.

Intention-to-Treat Analysis of Radical Trachelectomy for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer With Special Reference to Oncologic Failures: Single-Institutional Experience in Hungary.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical and pathological data in order to draw eligibility criteria for oncologically sufficient radical trachelectomy (RT) in early-stage cervical cancer. Reviewing all cases of attempted RT performed at our unit, we focused attention on prognostic indicators of the need for additional oncologic treatment following RT. The analysis was extended by extensive literature review to include previously published cases of oncologic failures. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed data of patients who underwent RT at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen. Electronic records and case notes of RT cases were reviewed to determine the incidence of abdominal and vaginal route, distribution of clinicopathologic data, and follow-up results of individual cases. Individual procedures were categorized as oncologically insufficient if additional oncologic treatment was necessary following RT. Theoretical eligibility criteria for RT in early-stage cervical cancer were determined retrospectively by selecting prognostic features that were associated with oncologic insufficiency from clinicopathologic indicators of the complete series. RESULTS: Twenty-four cases of RT were performed by the authors, 15 vaginal RTs with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and 9 abdominal RTs with open pelvic lymphadenectomy. Fifteen of 24 cases proved oncologically sufficient. Three cases required immediate conversion to radical hysterectomy because of positive sentinel nodes and/or positive isthmic disc on frozen section. In further 5 cases, final pathology results indicated additional oncologic treatment, that is, radical hysterectomy (n = 2), chemoradiotherapy (n = 2), or chemotherapy (n = 1). One patient among immediately converted cases and another 3 among those who required additional oncologic treatment died of their disease later. There were no other cases of recurrences over a median follow-up of 34 months (range, 12-188 months). Factors that may predict oncologic insufficiency of RT were stage IB1 or greater, tumor size of greater than 2 cm in 1 dimension or greater than 15 mm in 3 dimensions, G3, nonsquamous/adeno histological type, stromal invasion of greater than 9 mm, and lymphovascular space involvement in the primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of oncologically insufficient RTs have significant risk features that can be identified preoperatively. There is a need for more clinicopathologic data on oncologic failure of RT cases in order to improve patient selection.

Analysis of Romanian Bacteroides isolates for antibiotic resistance levels and the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes.

As part of an ESCMID Study Group on Anaerobic Infections (ESGAI) project, a study was conducted to measure the antibiotic susceptibilities and corresponding gene contents of 53 Bacteroides fragilis group strains isolated in Romania. The antibiotic resistance data was comparable with the data found for other East-European countries. Here, no resistant isolate was found for imipenem, metronidazole and tigecycline. An increasing role of the cepA, cfxA and cfiA genes was observed in their corresponding antibiotic resistances. Moreover, no isolate was found that harbored the cfiA gene with a possible activating IS element. Clindamycin resistance was low, similarly to that the rate for the ermF gene. However, we did find some isolates with nimB, ermB, msrSA, linA, satG, tetX, tetM and bexA genes. This study was the first to provide antibiotic resistance data for clinical Bacteroides strains from Romania.

Case report: Complex evaluation of coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammatory cytokines in a SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant woman with fetal loss.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy increases the risk of severe obstetrical complications. Detailed evaluation of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in a pregnancy with stillbirth hasn't been described so far. Besides knowledge gaps in the pathomechanism leading to stillbirth in COVID-19 pregnancies, currently, no prognostic biomarker is available to identify pregnant patients who are at imminent risk of COVID-19-associated maternal and fetal complications, requiring immediate medical attention. Case: Here we report the case of a 28-year-old SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant patient, admitted to our hospital at 28 weeks of gestation with intrauterine fetal loss. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis was confirmed by immunohistological evaluation of the placenta. She had only mild upper respiratory symptoms and her vital signs were within reference throughout labor and postpartum. The stillborn infant was delivered per vias naturales. Fibrinogen concentrate was administered before and after labor due to markedly decreased fibrinogen levels (1.49 g/l) at admission and excessive bleeding during and after delivery. Although coagulation screening tests were not alarming at admission, the balance of hemostasis was strikingly distorted in the patient. As compared to healthy age- and gestational age-matched pregnant controls, increased D-dimer, low FVIII activity, low FXIII level, marked hypocoagulability as demonstrated by the thrombin generation assay, together with shortened clot lysis and decreased levels of fibrinolytic proteins were observed. These alterations most likely have contributed to the increased bleeding observed during labor and in the early postpartum period. Interestingly, at the same time, only moderately altered inflammatory cytokine levels were found at admission. Serum ACE2 activity did not differ in the patient from that of age- and gestational age-matched healthy controls, suggesting that despite previous speculations in the literature, ACE2 may not be used as a potential biomarker for the prediction of COVID-19 placentitis and threatening fetal loss in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnancies. Conclusions: Although based on this case report no prognostic biomarker could be identified for use in pregnant patients with imminent risk of fetal loss associated with COVID-19 placentitis, the above-described hemostasis alterations warrant awareness of postpartum hemorrhagic complications and could be helpful to identify patients requiring intensified medical attention.

First description of bla(NDM-1), bla(OXA-48), bla(OXA-181) producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Romania.

We report the first isolation and characterization of several Enterobacteriaceae strains harboring bla(NDM-1), bla(OXA-48) and/or bla(OXA-181) genes in a Romanian emergency teaching hospital. Between January 2010 and September 2012 nine carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were identified. The bla(NDM-1) gene was present in two Enterobacter cloacae strains, an Escherichia coli and two Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. One of these K. pneumoniae strains also harbored the bla(OXA-181) gene. Three other K. pneumoniae strains and one Serratia marcescens carried bla(OXA-48).

Multi-stage management of a right hip gunshot injury; Case report.

A 42-year-old hunter with no previous medical history suffered an accidental gunshot injury while hunting. Upon arrival at our Hospital, the following musculosceletal laesions were diagnosed during the primary survey: comminuted right trochanteric and femur neck fracture, femoral and sciatic nerve palsy. The immediate damage control surgery consisted of debridement, jet-lavage, PMMA-chain insertion and extrafocal fixation. Structural neural damage was disclosed. Primarily the skin wound was treated by delayed closure and later the healing was supported by Negative Pressure Wound Therapy. Six weeks after, the extrafocal fixation was removed and antibiotic spacer was inserted. Primary wound healing occurred without any sign of infection. Neurological recovery of the extremity took almost a year. Low grade infection were excluded by serial labs and culture samples. Finally the patient underwent total hip arthroplasty with excellent result.

[Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Hungary and the world]. / A méhnyakrák epidemiológiája Magyarországon és a világban.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and one of those completely preventable according to the current state of medical science. The pathogenesis of the disease is known, the human papillomavirus plays an essential role in the development in 99.9% of cases. With the available vaccines against the virus and the use of effective screening methods, the complete elimination of the disease can be achieved within a few decades, according to WHO estimates. Despite all these facts, the current state of the fight against the disease is still very controversial, which can be characterized by the epidemiological indicators of the disease. We would like to present these data in our publication, highlighting the challenges that not only developing but also developed countries face every day in relation to the prevention of cervical cancer.

The Prognostic Relevance of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Expression in Ovarian Cancer Tissue of Wild Type and BRCA-Mutation Carrier Patients.

(1) Background: The mechanism of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer is not fully clarified, but the properly functioning DNA repair mechanism can counteract the effect of conventional anticancer treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the expression of an important DNA repair enzyme, the Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues depending on BRCA status and to assess its relationship with platinum resistance. (2) Methods: Immunostaining to highlight PARP protein expression was performed using a rabbit polyclonal anti-PARP antibody. The intensity and distribution of immunostaining were assessed by light. Somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers were identified with bidirectional sequencing of DNA from archived tumor tissue, if the test could not be performed due to technical reasons from tumor cells, the sequencing was done from peripheral blood cells to identify germline mutation carriers. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was generated for each semiquantitative group of PARP expression among chemotherapy-naive cases at the time of PARP immunohistochemistry. (3) Results: In the overall population, negative PARP immunohistochemistry predicted significant PFS (20.1 vs. 11.9 months, p = 0.001) and OS (49 vs. 114 months, p = 0.014) benefit. Genotype-stratified subgroup analysis in BRCA-negative cases confirmed the role of PARP positivity indicating an unfavorable prognosis in the entire population (relapsed 73.91% vs. 92%; OR: 4.06; p = 0.04). In the cases of the subgroup carrying the BRCA mutation, the presence of PARP expression was not associated with less favorable relapse rates, but with marginal significance for overall survival predicted a lower chance of survival (OS more than 32 months 72.73% vs. 35%; OR: 0.2; p = 0.05). (4) Conclusion: The BRCA wild type patients with strong expression of PARP enzymes before the first set of chemotherapy have a poor prognosis.

Microwave-assisted sample preparation of Hungarian raw propolis in quartz vessels and element analysis by ICP-OES and ICP-MS for geographical identification.

One of the aims of this study was to improve the sample throughput of a microwave-assisted closed vessel digestion system by using small quartz vials in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vessels for the sample preparation of raw propolis samples in small amounts. The digested samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyzing 36 elements. Limit of detection was low enough to measure all the elements, with the exception of La, in all raw propolis samples. There were no cross-contamination between the quartz vials, therefore independent samples can be prepared in the same PTFE vessel. Accuracy of the method was checked by spike recoveries and by analyzing BCR 189 wholemeal flour and two plant samples from a collaborative study. The means of RSDs were 5.3%-14.4% in the case of measured elements. The sample throughput was increased by three times using quartz vials in PFTE vessels besides matching with the requirements of green chemistry. Another goal was the characterization of the element content and thereby geographical identification of Hungarian raw propolis. In total, 252 samples were analyzed and their statistical characteristics were described. We cannot find globally such results of propolis element content, which is representing one country and with such a number of elements and samples. All the elements have positive skew and positive kurtosis. Concentration range is above two orders of magnitude in the case of Ba, Zn, V, Cr, Ni, Cd and Eu elements. The decimal logarithm of element concentrations was used for geographical identification of raw propolis samples originating from seven regions of Hungary by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Grouping of the samples of the Northern Great Plain was the most effective with 96.3% and 77.8% based on the original method and the cross validation, respectively. The same indicators for all the groups are 76.6% and 61.5%.

The Prognostic Value of PARP Expression in High-Grade Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

In an attempt to clarify the prognostic relevance of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression, we analysed the clinical data of 86 high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases in which PARP immunohistochemistry results were available. Immunostaining to highlight PARP protein expression was performed using a Leica Bond MAX Immunostainer (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). We applied a rabbit polyclonal anti-PARP antibody (ab6079 330, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for the specific reaction. The intensity and distribution of immunostaining were assessed by light microscopy (Leica DM2500 microscope, DFC 420 camera, and Leica Application Suite V3 software; Leica) and evaluated with a four-grade (0-3+) system. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was generated for each semiquantitative group of PARP expression among chemotherapy-naive cases at the time of PARP immunohistochemistry. Eighty-six cases were chemotherapy-naive at the time of PARP immunohistochemistry, and 41 cases showed no PARP expression. Forty-five cases showed intermediate or high PARP expression. The median PFS among patients in the PARP-negative group was 16 months (interquartile range; IQR 10.7-35.9 months), and the median PFS of patients in the PARP-positive group was 12 months (IQR 6.1-21.8 months). The difference was significant according to the log-rank test (p = 0.01). The median overall survival (OS) of patients in the PARP-negative group was 65 months (IQR 43.6-110.8 months), and the median OS of patients in the PARP-positive group was 52 months (IQR 36.9-66.7 months). The difference was significant according to the log-rank test (p = 0.028). Multiple comparisons confirmed that PARP expression results in a significant difference in PFS and OS achieved by first-line Taxol-carboplatin chemotherapy. The lack of PARP expression assessed by immunohistochemistry may predict improved PFS in ovarian cancer patients after adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.

Preoperative assessment of endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC), the most common among gynaecological malignancies occurs predominantly after the menopause. The diagnosis is most commonly (in about 75-80%) set up at early stage when surgical therapy and if necessary postoperative radiotherapy results in an excellent prognosis, with a 90-95% 5-year overall survival (OS) and a locoregional recurrence rates of 4-8%. Accurate preoperative assessment of the lymph nodes would ideally identify those patients with advanced stage disease, who might benefit from more extensive surgical procedures and adjuvant therapies. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hysteroscopic excisional biopsy (HEB) and high resolution 2D or 3D ultrasound performed by expert operator are considered to add valuable information for preoperative staging of EC. The use of biomarkers could be beneficial in decreasing inter-observer variability between the histology of the diagnostic specimen and the final operative sample, as well as to avoid overtreatment in a part of the high-grade tumors with excellent prognosis. The goal of surgical management of EC is to remove the primary tumor and to identify definite prognostic factors to determine whether adjuvant therapy is required. Extended surgery, including para-aortic lymphadenectomy has a significant morbidity, and with the future selection of cases it can be safely avoided, we can decrease complications without compromising oncological safety. In the future, the importance of hysteroscopy guided sampling may increase to gain a representative sample for biomarker detection.

SLAP Lesion and Injury of the Proximal Portion of Long Head of Biceps Tendon in Elite Amateur Wrestlers.

BACKGROUND: Injuries to the proximal portion of the tendon of the long head of the biceps are challenging, and often only diagnosed at arthroscopy. However, it is important to be able to formulate a preoperative plan based on physical examination and imaging studies, so as to inform patients correctly, plan the likely procedure, and give indication to length and modalities of rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven elite wrestlers who suffered their injury between 2008 and 2018 were investigated retrospectively. We aimed to identify an association between the mechanism and the symptoms of the biceps-labral complex injury. RESULTS: The injury was sustained at a mean age of 20.63 years, and most wrestlers were middle or light weight. All injuries occurred during shoulder movements in closed kinetic chain with the elbow extended, the forearm pronated and the shoulder slightly elevated. The surgical procedures performed were tenodesis in three wrestlers, reinsertion in seven wrestlers, and one tenotomy of the tendon of the long head of the biceps. The postoperative rehabilitation was shorter (1-3 month) in case of tenodesis or tenotomy, and markedly longer after reinsertion (6-9 months). CONCLUSIONS: Injuries to the proximal part of long head of biceps tendon are relatively frequent in elite wrestlers, reflecting the high functional demands imposed on the upper limb. Though necessitating surgery, in these athletes, such injuries are not career ending, and most of our elite athletes returned to high performance levels after surgery.

Predictive value of bubble sign for tubal patency during office hysteroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the predictive value of visible air bubble sign for real tubal patency during hysteroscopic procedures. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, clinical data of 61 infertile women who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy have been analysed. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 33.45 ± 3.25 years. Bubble sign for the detection of patency demonstrated 73 % (95 % CI: 57-86 %) sensitivity, 70 % (95 % CI: 46-88 %) specificity, a positive predictive value of 83 % (95 % CI: 67-94 %), and a negative predictive value of 56 % (95 % CI: 35-76 %). CONCLUSIONS: A visible tubal "flow" of air bubbles during hysteroscopy was not accurate in the prediction of tubal patency.

Fallopian tubal obstruction is associated with increased pain experienced during office hysteroscopy: a retrospective study.

This study aimed at evaluating the pain experienced during office hysteroscopy, with selective tubal cannulation and chromopertubation, by women with and without tubal obstruction in order to determine if such condition would be associated with increased pain during the examination. Women with a history of infertility underwent in-office hysteroscopy with selective chromopertubation using a continuous flow office hysteroscope with a 5 Fr operating channel fitted with a 4 Fr catheter for the injection of methylene blue dye. Experienced pain was recorded on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during diagnostic hysteroscopy after access to the uterine cavity. Of 90 women, 58 (66.4%) were found with at least one patent fallopian tube and inserted in the group "any", meanwhile 32 (33.6%) were categorized into group "none" as both tubes were judged obstructed. There was no significant difference between groups in BMI and primary infertility rate, but the difference was significant concerning mean age (32.6 vs. 35.8; p < 0.001). The mean VAS score was 3.34 (± 1.07) in the group "any" and 4.25 (± 1.11) in "none". Comparing the VAS score of the two groups, the difference was significant (p < 0.001). Tubal occlusion may have a potential role in the pain experienced by women undergoing in-office hysteroscopy. Women with bilateral tubal occlusion experienced a higher level of pain compared with patients with at least one patent fallopian tube. Operators may use milder intrauterine pressure of fluid distension medium when these patients are undergoing in-office hysteroscopy to reduce discomfort.