Studying daily fluctuations of emotional effort among nurses of intensive care units: the establishment of latent profiles and its relationship with daily secondary traumatic stress and vitality.

Introduction: Nursing professionals working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) face significant challenges that can result in secondary traumatic stress (STS). These challenges stem from witnessing patients' suffering and managing difficult tasks (i.e. communication with patients' relatives). Furthermore, these professionals encounter emotional demands, such as emotional effort, which is the dissonance between the emotion felt and the emotion that should be expressed to meet work expectations. Consequently, we aimed to investigate whether different profiles exist concerning nurses' levels of emotional effort over a five-day period and whether these profiles are related to daily STS and vitality. Methods: The sample comprised 44 nursing professionals from ICUs in Spanish hospitals. They were assessed daily, using a package of questionnaires twice per day for five working days: a) immediately after their shift and b) at a later time after working. Results: The findings revealed three distinct profiles based on emotional effort levels: high (Profile 1), moderate (Profile 2), and low (Profile 3). These profiles were found to be negative predictors for both daily shattered assumptions and symptomatology. Discussion: This study underscores the importance of assessing daily emotional demands in an ICU setting. Such assessments are crucial for establishing preventive measures to help nursing professionals manage lower-level emotional demands.

Long-term effectiveness of a mindfulness based intervention (MBI) program for stuttering: a case study / La eficacia a largo plazo de un programa de intervención basada en la atención plena (MBI) para la tartamudez: un estudio de caso

A mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) to address emotional factors that may negatively impact the fluency of the subjects was implemented. A MBI consisting of 5 weekly 2-h sessions was designed and applied to two stuttering cases. The goals were to lower stuttering and to reduce anxiety through the acquisition of mindfulness skills. Participants were asked to video-record a speaking task and to fill out anxiety and mindfulness skills self-reports pre and post-intervention. Both participants diminished stuttering error rates from severe (participant 1) and moderate (participant 2) to mild. Participant 2, who showed high pre-treatment anxiety, showed a significant reduction. A year-follow-up revealed that therapeutic gains in anxiety, mindfulness skills, and stuttering were successfully maintained in both participants. This is the first study focused on emotional aspects of stuttering showing long-term improvements through a MBI. MBI programs could serve as a promising complement for stuttering treatments. (AU)

Se utilizó una intervención basada en mindfulness (MBI) para abordar los factores emocionales que pueden afectar negativamente a la fluidez de los sujetos a través de un estudio de caso. Se diseñó un MBI que constaba de 5 sesiones semanales de 2 horas y se aplicó a dos casos de tartamudez. Los objetivos eran dismunuir la tartamudez y reducir los síntomas de ansiedad mediante la adquisición de habilidades de atención plena. Se pidió a los participantes que grabaran en video una tarea oral y que cumplimentaran los autoinformes de ansiedad y de habilidades de atención plena antes y después de la intervención. En ambos participantes disminuyó el índice de errores de tartamudeo de grave (participante 1) y moderado (participante 2) a leve. El participante 2, que mostró una elevada ansiedad previa al tratamiento, mostró una reducción significativa. Al año de seguimiento los beneficios terapéuticos en ansiedad, habilidades de atención plena y tartamudeo se mantuvieron con éxito en ambos participantes. Se trata del primer estudio centrado en los aspectos emocionales de la tartamudez que muestra mejoras a largo plazo a través de un MBI. Por lo tanto, los programas MBI podrían servir como complemento prometedor a los tratamientos de tartamudez. (AU)

Pilot study of a brief psychological intervention for reducing emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress among physicians of intensive care units in Mexico / Estudio piloto de una intervención psicológica breve para reducir el agotamiento emocional y el estrés traumático secundario en personal médico de las unidades de cuidados intensivos en México

Abstract Introduction Physicians of Intensive Care Units (ICU) have a potential risk to develop negative outcomes such as emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Specifically, job demands in these units (i.e., work stressors and emotional effort) may positively predict these outcomes, whereas personal resources such as harmonious passion and self-compassion may diminish them. Objetive To design a specific intervention for physicians in ICU and provide preliminary evidence of its effectiveness. Method A brief intervention of five weekly sessions (two hour-sessions) was carried out with four physicians in ICU in a hospital in Mexico. Other four physicians were selected as a control group. The intervention was aimed at reducing emotional exhaustion and STS by increasing harmonious passion and self-compassion, and diminishing the emotional effort. Results The intervention group showed a significant reduction in: a) work stressors (2/4 physicians; RCI = .21); emotional effort (1/4 physicians; (RCI = .60); emotional exhaustion (2/4 physicians; RCI = .34); and STS (3/4 physicians; RCI = .26). One physician experienced a significant increase in harmonious passion (RCI = 1.00), but the intervention seems to maintain high levels of this and self-compassion in comparison with the control group. The control group showed a worse result in its outcomes. Discussion and conclusion Despite the limitations, this study provides preliminary evidence for effectively reducing emotional exhaustion and STS. Our findings highlight the individual analysis of the effective tools per physician and address interventions focused on harmonious passion and self-compassion. This study calls for future research concerning intervention proposals in ICU with follow-up measures to diminish the negative consequences in the long-term.

Resumen Introducción Los médicos de las unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) presentan un riesgo de desarrollar agotamiento emocional y estrés traumático secundario (ETS). Las demandas laborales en estas unidades (estresores laborales y esfuerzo emocional) pueden predecir positivamente estos resultados, mientras que los recursos personales como la pasión armoniosa y la autocompasión pueden disminuirlos. Objetivo Diseñar una intervención específica para médicos de UCI y proporcionar evidencia preliminar de su efectividad. Método Se realizó una intervención de cinco sesiones semanales (de dos horas de duración cada una) con cuatro médicos de una UCI en un hospital de México. Otros cuatro médicos fueron seleccionados como grupo control. El objetivo fue reducir el agotamiento emocional y el ETS mediante el aumento la pasión armoniosa y la autocompasión; y la disminución del esfuerzo emocional. Resultados En el grupo de intervención se halló una disminución significativa en: a) estresores laborales (2/4 médicos; RCI = .21); esfuerzo emocional (1/4 médicos; RCI = .60); agotamiento emocional (2/4 médicos; RCI = .34); y ETS (3/4 médicos; RCI = .26). Un médico experimentó un aumento significativo en la pasión armoniosa (RCI = 1.00), en tanto que el resto mantuvo altos niveles de ésta y autocompasión en comparación con el grupo control. Discusión y conclusión A pesar de las limitaciones, este estudio proporciona evidencia preliminar para reducir el agotamiento emocional y el ETS. Nuestros hallazgos destacan el análisis individual de las herramientas efectivas y destaca las intervenciones centradas en la pasión armoniosa y la autocompasión. Nuestro estudio recalca la importancia de desarrollar investigaciones futuras sobre intervenciones en UCI con medidas de seguimiento que puedan disminuir las consecuencias negativas a largo plazo.