Full Genome Characterization of a New Simian Immune Deficiency Virus Lineage in a Naturally Infected Cercopithecus ascanius whitesidei in the Democratic Republic of Congo Reveals High Genetic Diversity Among Red-Tailed Monkeys in Central and Eastern Africa.

Our knowledge on simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) diversity and evolution in the different nonhuman primate species is still incomplete. In this study, we report the full genome characterization of a new SIV from a red-tailed monkey (2013DRC-I8), from the Cercopithecus ascanius whitesidei subspecies, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The new full-length genome is 9,926 bp long, and the genomic structure is similar to that of other SIVs with the absence of vpx and vpu genes. The new SIVasc-13DRC-I8 strain fell within the Cercopithecus specific SIV lineage. SIVasc-13DRC-I8 and previously reported SIVrtg from the C.a. schmidti subspecies in Uganda did not form a separate species-specific SIV lineage. These observations provide additional evidence for high genetic diversity and the complex evolution of SIVs in the Cercopithecus genus. More studies on a large number of monkeys from a wider geographic area are needed to understand SIV evolution.