RESUMEN
Human inherited disorders of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) immunity underlie severe mycobacterial diseases. We report X-linked recessive MCTS1 deficiency in men with mycobacterial disease from kindreds of different ancestries (from China, Finland, Iran, and Saudi Arabia). Complete deficiency of this translation re-initiation factor impairs the translation of a subset of proteins, including the kinase JAK2 in all cell types tested, including T lymphocytes and phagocytes. JAK2 expression is sufficiently low to impair cellular responses to interleukin-23 (IL-23) and partially IL-12, but not other JAK2-dependent cytokines. Defective responses to IL-23 preferentially impair the production of IFN-γ by innate-like adaptive mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) and γδ T lymphocytes upon mycobacterial challenge. Surprisingly, the lack of MCTS1-dependent translation re-initiation and ribosome recycling seems to be otherwise physiologically redundant in these patients. These findings suggest that X-linked recessive human MCTS1 deficiency underlies isolated mycobacterial disease by impairing JAK2 translation in innate-like adaptive T lymphocytes, thereby impairing the IL-23-dependent induction of IFN-γ.
Asunto(s)
Interferón gamma , Janus Quinasa 2 , Infecciones por Mycobacterium , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interleucina-12 , Interleucina-23 , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Mycobacterium/fisiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/inmunología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogénicas/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most frequent nonhereditary cause for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. Data on vestibular function in children with cCMV are, however, scarce, although some evidence for cCMV-associated vestibular dysfunction exists. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated long-term vestibular function and hearing outcomes in a cohort of children with cCMV. METHODS: Participants were 6-7-year-old children with cCMV from a large population-based screening study. Controls were age and gender matched healthy children, who were CMV-negative at birth. Hearing was examined with pure tone audiometry. Definition of hearing loss was pure-tone average > 20 dB. Vestibular function was assessed using the video head impulse test that provides a measure of semicircular canal function. Definition of vestibular dysfunction was lateral semicircular canal gain < 0.75. RESULTS: Vestibular dysfunction occurred in 7/36 (19.4%) of children with cCMV and in 1/31 (3.2%) of controls (p = 0.060). SNHL was recorded in 4/38 (10.5%) of children with cCMV and in 0/33 of controls (p = 0.118). Hearing loss was unilateral in all cases. In cCMV group, the two children with bilateral vestibular dysfunction also had SNHL, whereas those with unilateral vestibular dysfunction (n = 5) had normal hearing. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of children with cCMV identified using newborn screening, vestibular dysfunction was more common than SNHL at 6 years of age. Vestibular dysfunction occurred both in children with and without SNHL. Based on these data, inclusion of vestibular tests in follow-up protocol of cCMV should be considered.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Sordera , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Niño , Lactante , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/congénito , Audición , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/congénito , Audiometría de Tonos PurosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The fusion (F) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents the major neutralizing antigen, and antibodies against the pre-F conformation have the most potent neutralizing activity. This study aimed to assess the correlation between maternal antibody titers against the pre-F, post-F, and G glycoproteins and the child's risk of developing severe RSV bronchiolitis early in infancy. METHODS: We identified previously healthy term infants <3 months of age hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis from December 2015 to March 2016. We measured IgG antibody titers to pre-F, post-F, and G proteins in maternal sera obtained at 9-12 weeks of pregnancy of these hospitalized infants' mothers (nâ =â 94) and compared them with serum antibody titers of control pregnant mothers (nâ =â 130) whose children were not hospitalized. RESULTS: All maternal samples (nâ =â 224) had detectable pre-F antibodies. Pre-F antibody titers were significantly lower in mothers whose infants were hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis compared with those mothers whose infants were not hospitalized (23.9 [range (or antibody titer range), 1.4-273.7] µg/L vs 30.6 [XXX, 3.4-220.0] µg/L; Pâ =â .0026). There were no significant differences in maternal post-F and G antibody titers between hospitalized and nonhospitalized infants. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that maternal pre-F antibodies are fundamental for providing immune protection to the infant.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Niño , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Lactante , Embarazo , Mujeres Embarazadas , Proteínas Virales de FusiónRESUMEN
AIM: We investigated whether the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was associated with the occurrence of Kawasaki disease or with multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS: This national Finnish register-based study was based on laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, MIS-C and Kawasaki disease cases. We performed a time series analysis on the occurrence of Kawasaki disease in 2016-2020. RESULTS: In 2020, there were 5170 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children under 18 years of age and five fulfilled the MIS-C case definition. The occurrence of MIS-C was 0.97 per 1000 (95% confidence interval: 0.31-2.26) laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in children. Our time series analysis showed that Kawasaki disease cases decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The seasonally adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.74) when it was compared to pre-pandemic levels. This coincided with a reduced occurrence of respiratory infections, due to social distancing in the population. CONCLUSION: This nationwide register-based study found that MIS-C was a rare complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The occurrence of Kawasaki disease and respiratory infections decreased during the pandemic. This suggests that transmissible microbes may play an important role in Kawasaki disease and social distancing may have a protective effect.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular , Adolescente , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Finlandia/epidemiología , Humanos , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/epidemiología , Pandemias , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria SistémicaRESUMEN
This study characterizes a large Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak observed in Kymenlaakso in Southeastern Finland during August 2017-January 2018. The first part of the investigation included 327 patients, who sought healthcare consultation at local GPs or hospitals due to clinical symptoms, and were tested for M. pneumoniae antibodies (Patient cohort). The second part of the investigation, conducted approximately 4 weeks after the peak of the outbreak, consisted of school screening of pupils (N = 239) in three different school buildings by PCR on respiratory specimens and questionnaires (Screening cohort). PCR positive respiratory specimens were subsequently utilized for molecular typing. The outbreak peaked in late October 2017. Of the Patient cohort, 9/106 (8.5%) respiratory specimens were PCR positive. In contrast, 3/182 (1.6%) of the Screening cohort were PCR positive. Asymptomatic carriage was observed. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) identified two distinct MLVA types. All typed M. pneumoniae strains belonged to P1 type 1. No mutations leading to macrolide resistance were observed. In total, 61/327 (19%) of the Patient cohort had a serological indication of recent infection. The IgM test reactivity at the time of a negative PCR test result varied from a completely non-reactive value up to very strong reactivity, highlighting the difficulty in a single specimen serodiagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/métodos , Brotes de Enfermedades , Epidemiología Molecular , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Tipificación Molecular , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/clasificación , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/genética , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/inmunología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Pretransplant vaccination is generally recommended to solid organ transplant recipients. In infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS), the immune response is hypothetically inferior to other patients due to young age and urinary loss of immunoglobulins, but data on the immunization response in severely nephrotic children remain scarce. If effective, however, early immunization of infants with CNS would clinically be advantageous. Methods: We investigated serological vaccine responses in seven children with CNS who were immunized during nephrosis. Antibody responses to measles-mumps-rubella -vaccine (MMR), a pentavalent DTaP-IPV-Hib -vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b), varicella vaccine, combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) were measured after nephrectomy either before or after kidney transplantation. Results: Immunizations were started at a median age of 7 months [interquartile range (IQR) 7-8], with a concurrent median proteinuria of 36,500â mg/L (IQR 30,900-64,250). Bilateral nephrectomy was performed at a median age of 20 months (IQR 14-25), and kidney transplantation 10-88 days after the nephrectomy. Antibody levels were measured at median 18 months (IQR 6-23) after immunization. Protective antibody levels were detected in all examined children for hepatitis B (5/5), Clostridium tetani (7/7), rubella virus (2/2), and mumps virus (1/1); in 5/6 children for varicella; in 4/6 for poliovirus and vaccine-type pneumococcal serotypes; in 4/7 for Haemophilus influenzae type B and Corynebacterium diphtheriae; in 1/2 for measles virus; and in 2/5 for hepatitis A. None of the seven children had protective IgG levels against Bordetella pertussis. Conclusion: Immunization during severe congenital proteinuria resulted in variable serological responses, with both vaccine- and patient-related differences. Nephrosis appears not to be a barrier to successful immunization.
RESUMEN
There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine responses in 6-year-old children with cCMV and controls. Protective antibody levels and geometric mean concentrations did not differ significantly between the study groups. Therefore, immunizations for children with cCMV should be administrated according to established national schedules.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Sarampión , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán) , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Vacuna contra el Sarampión-Parotiditis-Rubéola , Vacuna contra Difteria, Tétanos y Tos Ferina , Sarampión/prevención & control , Inmunización , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/prevención & control , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/prevención & control , Vacuna AntisarampiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cranberry juice prevents recurrences of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adult women. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cranberry juice is effective in preventing UTI recurrences in children. METHODS: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed in 7 hospitals in Finland. A total of 263 children treated for UTI were randomized to receive either cranberry juice (n = 129) or placebo (n = 134) for 6 months. Eight children were omitted because of protocol violations, leaving 255 children for the final analyses. The children were monitored for 1 year, and their recurrent UTIs were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty children (16%) in the cranberry group and 28 (22%) in the placebo group had at least 1 recurrent UTI (difference, -6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -16 to 4%; P = .21). There were no differences in timing between these first recurrences (P = .32). Episodes of UTI totaled 27 and 47 in the cranberry and placebo groups, respectively, and the UTI incidence density per person-year at risk was 0.16 episodes lower in the cranberry group (95% CI, -.31 to -.01; P = .035). The children in the cranberry group had significantly fewer days on antimicrobials (-6 days per patient-year; 95% CI, -7 to -5; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention did not significantly reduce the number of children who experienced a recurrence of UTI, but it was effective in reducing the actual number of recurrences and related antimicrobial use.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas , Infecciones Urinarias/prevención & control , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection affecting about 0.6% of all newborns in developed countries. Vertical transmission to fetus can take place either after maternal primary or non-primary CMV infection during pregnancy. It is the most common infectious agent for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in young children. The hearing loss after congenital CMV (cCMV) may be present at birth, or may develop after months or even years. In this study, we evaluated hearing outcome at 3-4 years of age in children (n 32) with cCMV identified in universal saliva CMV-PCR-based screening. METHODS: Study population consisted of mainly asymptomatic children (median age 3.1 years) with cCMV identified in newborn CMV screening. The type of maternal CMV infection (primary or non-primary) was determined by analyzing CMV antibodies (IgM, IgG and IgG avidity) from preserved maternal serum samples drawn in the end of first trimester of pregnancy. Hearing was evaluated with pure tone audiometry (PTA), or transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and sound field audiometry (SF). RESULTS: Unilateral hearing loss occurred in 5/32 (16%) of the children with cCMV. None of the subjects in our cohort had bilateral hearing loss. Hearing loss occurred in 3/15 (20%) of children who were born to mothers with non-primary CMV infection during pregnancy, and in 2/10 (20%) of children whose mother had had a primary CMV infection during the 2-3 trimester. None of the additional 6 children, whose mother had primary infection in the first trimester, had hearing loss by age of 3-4 years. Two children with normal hearing at 1 years age had developed unilateral hearing loss by the age of three. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral hearing loss was relatively common among the mainly asymptomatic children with cCMV identified in screening. Long-term follow up of children with cCMV is essential to identify the children with late-onset hearing loss.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Sordera , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Niño , Preescolar , Citomegalovirus , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/epidemiología , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Audición , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/congénito , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G , Lactante , Recién Nacido , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Norovirus is easily transmitted from a patient, patient secretions, or spread by surfaces, food and drinking water infected by the virus. The symptoms are characterized by rapid onset, abundant vomiting or diarrhoeal disease. The duration of symptoms varies from half a day to five days. In hospitals the epidemic spreads effectively to others in the room, to other patients within the ward and to the staff. In suspected cases of patient infection caused by norovirus, new patients should not be admitted to the same room, and a separate WC and shower room should be reserved for the patients.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Norovirus , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/transmisión , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Infección Hospitalaria/virología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Humanos , Aislamiento de PacientesRESUMEN
This case of congenital tuberculosis (TB) emphasizes that TB should be suspected in newborns whose parents are from areas with high incidence of TB or who present with symptoms of an infection unresponsive to wide-spectrum antibiotics.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cervicofacial lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is commonly treated with surgery or antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of our new blood-based diagnostic method and the treatment protocol, surgery or observation alone, in NTM lymphadenitis in children. METHODS: All patients under 16 years of age with cervicofacial NTM lymphadenitis diagnosed and treated at Children's Hospital or at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital (Helsinki, Finland) in 2007-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients, 33 (63%) of whom were girls, were included in the study. The median age at initial presentation of the NTM lymphadenitis was 2.9 years. The novel blood-test had been performed on 49 (94%) of the patients and in all of them it was indicative of NTM infection. A sample for mycobacterial culture was available from 34 patients, and Mycobacterium avium was the most common species detected. Most patients (nâ¯=â¯33, 63%) were treated conservatively with observation alone. Of these, nine patients (27%) did not develop a skin fistula, and the lymphadenitis resolved without drainage. CONCLUSIONS: The novel blood test is clinically feasible method for diagnosing childhood cervicofacial NTM lymphadenitis noninvasively. Observation alone is a good alternative to surgery, without the risk of complications.
Asunto(s)
Linfadenitis/terapia , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/terapia , Espera Vigilante , Niño , Preescolar , Drenaje , Cara , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Linfadenitis/microbiología , Masculino , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/sangre , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/complicaciones , Cuello , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Children with congenital CMV infection (cCMV) shed virus in urine and saliva for prolonged periods of time. Outcome of cCMV varies from asymptomatic infection with no sequelae in most cases, to severe longterm morbidity. The factors associated with asymptomatic cCMV are not well defined. We evaluated the viral shedding in a cohort of infants with cCMV identified on newborn screening. In addition, we describe the distribution of viral genotypes in our cohort of asymptomatic infants and previous cohorts of cCMV children in the literature. METHODS: Study population consisted of 40 children with cCMV identified in screening of 19,868 infants, a prevalence of 2/1000. The viral shedding was evaluated at 3 and 18 months of age by real-time CMV-PCR of saliva and plasma, and CMV culture of urine. CMV positive saliva samples were analyzed for genotypes for CMV envelope glycoproteins gB (UL55), and gH (UL75) by genotype specific real-time PCR, and gN (UL73) by cloning and sequencing RESULTS: At 3 months age 40/40 saliva and urine samples, and 19/40 plasma samples were positive for CMV. At 18 months age all urine samples tested (33/33), 9/37 of saliva samples, and 2/34 plasma samples were positive for CMV. The genotype distribution did not differ from the published data CONCLUSIONS: The urinary virus shedding is more persistent than salivary shedding in children with cCMV. The genotype distribution was similar to previous literature and does not explain the low disease burden of cCMV in our population.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Esparcimiento de Virus , Infecciones Asintomáticas , Estudios de Cohortes , Citomegalovirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/congénito , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/orina , Finlandia , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Tamizaje Neonatal , Saliva/virología , Carga ViralRESUMEN
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. However, the definite etiology of CAP often remains unresolved, suggesting that unknown agents of pneumonia remain to be identified. The recently discovered members of the order Chlamydiales, Chlamydia-related bacteria (CRB), are considered as possible emerging agents of CAP. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae is the most studied candidate. It survives and replicates inside free-living amoeba, which it might potentially use as a vehicle to infect animals and humans. A Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak was observed in Kymenlaakso region in Southeastern Finland during August 2017-January 2018. We determined the occurrence of Chlamydiales bacteria and their natural host, free-living amoeba in respiratory specimens collected during this outbreak with molecular methods. Altogether, 22/278 (7.9%) of the samples contained Chlamydiales DNA. By sequence analysis, majority of the CRBs detected were members of the Parachlamydiaceae family. Amoebal DNA was not detected within the sample material. Our study further proposes that Parachlamydiaceae could be a potential agent causing atypical CAP in children and adolescents.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital infection and causes significant morbidity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the benefits of screening newborns for cCMV and to understand the cCMV disease burden in Finland. METHODS: Infants born in Helsinki area hospitals were screened for CMV by testing their saliva with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The CMV-positive infants and matched controls were monitored to determine their neurodevelopmental, audiological, and ophthalmological outcomes at 18 months of age. Griffiths Mental Development Scales, otoacoustic emission and sound field audiometry, and ophthalmologic examination were performed. RESULTS: Of the 19868 infants screened, 40 had confirmed cCMV infection (prevalence, 2 in 1000 [95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.6 in 1000]). Four (10%) infants had symptomatic cCMV. Griffiths general quotients did not differ significantly between the CMV-positive (mean, 101.0) and control (mean, 101.6) infants (P = .557), nor did quotients for any of the Griffiths subscales (locomotion, personal-social, hearing and language, eye and hand, performance) (P = .173-.721). Four of 54 CMV-positive ears and 6 of 80 CMV-negative ears failed otoacoustic emission testing (P = 1.000). The mean minimal response levels over the frequencies 500 Hz to 4 kHz in the sound field audiometry did not differ between CMV-positive (mean, 34.31-dB hearing level) and control (mean, 32.73-dB hearing level) infants (P = .338). No CMV-related ophthalmologic findings were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cCMV was low, and outcomes at 18 months of age did not differ between the infected infants and healthy control infants. With such a low burden in Finland, universal newborn screening for cCMV seems unwarranted.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/congénito , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/epidemiología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Audiometría , Citomegalovirus , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Pruebas Auditivas , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Tamizaje Neonatal , Estudios Prospectivos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Saliva/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the viral cause of laryngeal croup by use of highly sensitive methods, and including recently recognized viruses in the analysis. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred forty-four consecutive children with hoarse voice and inspiratory stridor attending the emergency department were enrolled. Age- and season-matched children presenting with a wheezing illness served as control subjects (n = 76). Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for rhinovirus and enterovirus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza A and B virus, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. RESULTS: Virus infection was documented in 80% of patients with croup and 71% of control subjects. Children with croup had significantly more positive test results for PIV 1 and 2 (31% vs 4% and 6% vs 0%, respectively) and significantly fewer positive test results for RSV (15% vs 28%) than wheezing children. Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses were present equally in both groups (21% vs 25%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of influenza A virus or human bocavirus. Few subjects with adenovirus or M. pneumoniae were detected. CONCLUSION: Acute laryngeal croup is most often associated with PIV, RSV, rhinovirus, and enterovirus. Rhinovirus and enterovirus appeared equally often in croup and in wheezing illness. During late fall, they were found in 39% and 40%, respectively, of the tested samples.
Asunto(s)
Crup/virología , Nasofaringe/virología , ARN Viral/metabolismo , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Carga ViralRESUMEN
Healthcare workers (HCWs) pose a risk to themselves and their patients if not protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. Alarmingly, lacking immunity has been reported in several studies. We assessed the immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases in 157 pediatric HCWs in Helsinki Children's Hospital. The HCWs enrolled answered a questionnaire and gave a serum sample. Antibodies were measured with EIA against MMR-diseases, tetanus and diphtheria toxins, Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis A (HAV), varicella zoster and pertussis toxin. Neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus 1, 2 and 3 were measured. All of the HCWs had antibodies against tetanus and 89.8% against diphtheria. All had measurable levels of polio antibodies to all three polioviruses. 41% had suboptimal levels of antibodies against at least one of the antigens tested: MMR-viruses, diphtheria, HBV or polio. Measles, mumps and rubella antibodies were detectable in 81.5%, 89.2% and 93%, respectively. Only one HCW had no varicella-antibodies. Hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb) were detected in 89.8% of the nurses. 67.5% had HAV-antibodies. A poor correlation between detected antibody levels and reported vaccination history was noticed, indicating a need for a universal record system for registering the vaccines given to each individual.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Enfermedades Transmisibles/inmunología , Personal de Salud , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Finlandia , Hospitales Pediátricos , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. Prognosis with adequate treatment is favorable. Untreated patients, however, may develop coronary manifestations predisposing to acute myocardial infarction. Retropharyngeal edema is a rare but known manifestation of Kawasaki disease. We present a case series of four Kawasaki patients presenting with clinical findings for retropharyngeal abscess and the magnetic resonance imaging findings of these patients, diagnosed during a six week period. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic report of cervical MRI findings of Kawasaki patients.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Dolor de Cuello/diagnóstico , Absceso Retrofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Edema , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/tratamiento farmacológico , Absceso Retrofaríngeo/etiología , Absceso Retrofaríngeo/terapiaRESUMEN
Human parechoviruses are a family of viruses closely related to enteroviruses, and associated with neonatal sepsis-like syndrome, respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal infection. Here we present clinical details of two neonatal sepsis cases suspected to be caused by HPeV4 infection. The patients were hospitalized in October, 2012. No other causative agents were detected.