RESUMEN
Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the age-related decline in physiological, genomic, metabolic, and immunological functions. We screened Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JS19 (L. plantarum JS19), which has been shown to possess therapeutic properties in mice with ulcerative colitis. In this study, L. plantarum JS19-adjunctly fermented goat milk (LAF) was employed to alleviate D-galactose-induced aging and regulate intestinal flora in an aging mouse model. The oral administration of LAF effectively improved the health of spleen and kidney in mice, while mitigating the hepatocyte and oxidative damage induced by D-galactose. Additionally, LAF alleviated D-galactose-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria Desulfovibrio and Helicobacter, while greatly promoting the growth of beneficial Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Eubacterium. Biomarker 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid was found to be positively linked with those harmful bacteria, while bio-active metabolites were strongly correlated with the beneficial genus. These observations suggest that LAF possesses the capability to mitigate the effects of D-galactose-induced aging in a mouse model through the regulation of oxidative stress, the gut microbiota composition, and levels of fecal metabolites. Consequently, these findings shed light on the potential of LAF as a functional food with anti-aging properties.
RESUMEN
Hepatic lipid metabolism is modulated by the circadian rhythm; therefore, circadian disruption may promote obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation. This study aims to investigate dietary pterostilbene (PSB) 's protective effect against high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced lipid accumulation exacerbated by chronic jet lag and the potential role of gut microbiota therein. Mice were treated with a HFD and chronic jet lag for 14 weeks. The experimental group was supplemented with 0.25% (w/w) PSB in its diet to evaluate whether PSB had a beneficial effect. Our study found that chronic jet lag exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation, but these adverse effects were significantly mitigated by PSB supplementation. Specifically, PSB promoted hepatic lipolysis and ß-oxidation by upregulating SIRT1 expression, which indirectly reduced oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation. Additionally, the PSB-induced elevation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression helped prevent excessive autophagy and mitochondrial fission by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes. The result was evidenced by the use of SIRT1 and SIRT3 inhibitors in in vitro studies, which demonstrated that activation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 by PSB is crucial for the translocation of PGC-1α and Nrf2, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of gut microbiota suggested that PSB's beneficial effects were partly due to its positive modulation of gut microbial composition and functionality. The findings of this study suggest the potential of dietary PSB as a candidate to improve hepatic lipid metabolism via several mechanisms. It may be developed as a treatment adjuvant in the future.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Síndrome Jet Lag , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estrés Oxidativo , Sirtuina 1 , Sirtuina 3 , Estilbenos , Animales , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratones , Masculino , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Sirtuina 3/metabolismo , Síndrome Jet Lag/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
Crude rice bran oils from different rice cultivars and extraction methods bear different contents of nutraceuticals. The health benefits of lowering cholesterol activity of rice bran oil being confirmed by many reports are partly attributed to non-nutrient nutraceuticals, especially γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, and policosanols. As the world has been facing the global warming crisis, green extraction technology is gaining attention from many sectors. The current study aims to compare the nutraceutical composition with respect to γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanol content as well as the antioxidant properties of crude rice bran oils extracted from white and red rice bran using three green technologies, comparing with conventional hexane extraction. The data show that the traditional solvent extraction gave the highest oil yield percentage (26%), but it was not significantly different from subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction (24.6%). Subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction gave higher oil yield than supercritical CO2 extraction (15.5-16.2%). The crude rice bran oil extracted using subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction produced the highest total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. The highest γ-oryzanol content of the crude rice bran oil was found in oil extracted by conventional cold press (1370.43 mg/100 g). The γ-oryzanol content of the oil obtained via subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction was high (1213.64 mg/100 g) compared with supercritical CO2 extraction. The red rice bran yielded the crude rice bran oil with the highest total phytosterol content compared with the white bran, and the oil from red rice bran extracted with subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether generated the highest total phytosterol content (1784.17 mg/100 g). The highest policosanol content (274.40 mg/100 g) was also found in oil obtained via subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction.
Asunto(s)
Oryza , Fenilpropionatos , Fitosteroles , Aceite de Salvado de Arroz , Antioxidantes , Dióxido de CarbonoRESUMEN
Feruloylacetone (FER) is a natural degradant of curcumin after heating, which structurally reserves some functional groups of curcumin. It is not as widely discussed as its original counterpart has been previously; and in this study, its anticancer efficacy is investigated. This study focuses on the suppressive effect of FER on colon cancer, as the efficacious effect of curcumin on this typical cancer type has been well evidenced. In addition, demethoxy-feruloylacetone (DFER) was applied to compare the effect that might be brought on by the structural differences of the methoxy group. It was revealed that both FER and DFER inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells, possibly via suppression of the phosphorylated mTOR/STAT3 pathway. Notably, FER could significantly repress both the STAT3 phosphorylation and protein levels. Furthermore, both samples showed capability of arresting HCT116 cells at the G2/M phase via the activation of p53/p21 and the upregulation of cyclin-B. In addition, ROS elevation and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were revealed, as indicated by p-atm elevation. The apoptotic rate rose to 36.9 and 32.2% after being treated by FER and DFER, respectively. In summary, both compounds exhibited an anticancer effect, and FER showed a greater proapoptotic effect, possibly due to the presence of the methoxy group on the aromatic ring.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Curcumina/farmacología , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Estirenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/metabolismo , Ciclina B1/metabolismo , Inhibidor p21 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/agonistas , Fase G2/efectos de los fármacos , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Fenol/química , Fenol/farmacología , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Estirenos/química , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/agonistasRESUMEN
The treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a huge challenge, because pro-survival signaling pathways-such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway-are overexpressed in PDAC cells. Moreover, PDAC cells are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents because of autophagy induction. Therefore, autophagy and its modulated signaling pathways are attractive targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC. Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid chemically related to resveratrol, and has potential for the treatment of cancers. Accordingly, we investigated whether the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine could potentiate the anticancer effect of pterostilbene in the PDAC cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3, as well as in an orthotopic animal model. The results indicated that pterostilbene combined with chloroquine significantly inhibited autophagy, decreased cell viability, and sensitized the cells to pterostilbene-induced apoptosis via downregulation of the RAGE/STAT3 and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in PDAC cells. The results of the orthotopic animal model showed that pterostilbene combined with chloroquine significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer growth, delayed tumor quadrupling times, and inhibited autophagy and STAT3 in pancreatic tumors. In summary, the present study suggested the novel therapeutic strategy of pterostilbene combined with chloroquine against the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by inhibiting autophagy and downregulating the RAGE/STAT3 signaling pathways.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/tratamiento farmacológico , Cloroquina/farmacología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Estilbenos/farmacología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/química , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cloroquina/química , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Estilbenos/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, nearly 90% of apples and raw ingredients for apple-based products are imported. Apple juices (137 samples) and apple-containing beverages (35 samples) were collected in Taiwan from imported food and analyzed for patulin content. RESULTS: The results revealed that the incidence levels of patulin for apple juice and apple-containing beverages are 5.84% and 5.71%. The mean contamination levels were 1.7 and 1.4 µg kg-1 for apple juice and apple-containing beverages. One sample exceeded 50 µg kg-1 , the maximum permissible limit according to the Taiwan Sanitation Standard for the Tolerance of Mycotoxins in Foods. The estimated intake of patulin for consumers ranged from 5.4 to 18.0 ng kg-1 body weight per day for apple juice and between 6.1 and 11.2 ng kg-1 body weight for apple-containing beverages. The highest average patulin intake was observed among infants aged 0-3 years, followed by children aged 4-12 years old. Finally, the hazard index (HI) for the 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles are 0.0186, 0.1201, and 0.2048, respectively, for infants aged 0-3 years. CONCLUSION: The dietary intake of patulin from imported apple juices and apple-containing beverages is well below the safety levels and does not present a risk for adult and children consumers. However, it is important to point out that we only analyzed imported apple juices and apple-containing beverages. More studies are necessary to establish if the HI for patulin will still remain below 1 when other foods and beverages are included in the risk calculations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Asunto(s)
Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/análisis , Malus/química , Patulina/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Femenino , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Medición de Riesgo , TaiwánRESUMEN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Several studies have shown that polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are effective in preventing carcinogen-induced CRC or colitis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. We found that PMFs significantly prevented BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation. BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. The autophagic defect caused by BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis was improved by pretreatment with PMFs. We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/ß-catenin independent process. Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Benzo(a)pireno/administración & dosificación , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Sulfato de Dextran/administración & dosificación , Flavonas/farmacología , Animales , Carcinógenos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Mutágenos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Macrophages can polarize into two different states (M1 and M2), which play contrasting roles during pathogenesis or tissue damage. M1 polarized macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators resulting in inflammation, while M2 macrophages have an anti-inflammatory effect. Secretion of appropriate cytokines and chemokines from macrophages can lead to the modification of the microenvironment for bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that polarized macrophages are pivotal for disease progression, and the regulation of macrophage polarization may provide a new approach in therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, including cancer, obesity and metabolic diseases, fibrosis in organs, brain damage and neuron injuries, and colorectal disease. Polarized macrophages affect the microenvironment by secreting cytokines and chemokines while cytokines or mediators that are produced by resident cells or tissues may also influence macrophages behavior. The interplay of macrophages and other cells can affect disease progression, and therefore, understanding the activation of macrophages and the interaction between polarized macrophages and disease progression is imperative prior to taking therapeutic or preventive actions. Manipulation of macrophages can be an entry point for disease improvement, but the mechanism and potential must be understood. In this review, some advanced studies regarding the role of macrophages in different diseases, potential mechanisms involved, and intervention of drugs or phytochemicals, which are effective on macrophage polarization, will be discussed.
Asunto(s)
Inflamación/complicaciones , Inflamación/prevención & control , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Animales , Polaridad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/inmunología , Humanos , Inflamación/inmunología , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most crucial phthalate derivative added to polyvinyl chloride as a plasticizer. This study examined the effects of low-dose exposure to DEHP during adolescence on sperm function in adult rats. The male rats were daily gavaged with 30, 100, 300, and 1000 µg kg(-1) of DEHP or corn oil from postnatal day (PND) 42 until PND 105. The selection of DEHP doses ranged from the mean daily intake by the normal-population exposure levels to no-observed-adverse-effect level of DEHP for the endpoints evaluated until adulthood. Significant increases in the percentage of sperm with tail abnormality, tendency for sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and percentage of sperm with DFI were found in those exposed to 100, 300, and 1000 µg kg(-1) (P < 0.05). We observed a significant increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) generation in the sperm of the 1000 µg kg(-1) group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The excessive production of sperm H2 O2 coincided with an increase in sperm DFI. In this study, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level for sperm toxicity was considered to be 100 µg DEHP/kg/day in sperm morphology and chromatin DNA damage. Further research is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of DEHP-related sperm ROS generation on sperm DNA damage. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 706-712, 2016.
Asunto(s)
Dietilhexil Ftalato/toxicidad , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Plastificantes/toxicidad , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Nivel sin Efectos Adversos Observados , Ratas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
The natural agent, 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propanedione (HMDB), has been reported to have growth inhibitory effects on several human cancer cells. However, the role of HMDB in cervical cancer remains unclear. Herein, we found that HMDB dose- and time-dependently inhibited growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells, accompanied with G1 cell cycle arrest. HMDB decreased protein expression of cyclins D1/D3/E and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 2/4/6 and reciprocally increased mRNA and protein levels of CDK inhibitors (p15, p16, p21, and p27), thereby leading to the accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. HMDB also triggered the accumulation of acidic vesicles and formation of microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC3), followed by increased expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 and decreased expression of p62, suggesting that HMDB triggered autophagy in HeLa cells. Meanwhile, suppression of the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 implied that HMDB-induced autophagy is tightly linked to apoptosis. Exploring the action mechanism, HMDB induced autophagy via the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mTOR signaling pathway rather than the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. These results suggest that HMDB inhibits HeLa cell growth by eliciting a G1 arrest through modulation of G1 cell cycle regulators and by concomitantly inducing autophagy through the mediation of AMPK-mTOR and Akt-mTOR pathways, and may be a promising antitumor agent against cervical cancer.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos de Control de la Fase G1 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cetonas/farmacología , Propano/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Beclina-1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Células HeLa , Humanos , Cetonas/química , Lisosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Propano/química , Propano/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Vacuolas/efectos de los fármacos , Vacuolas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Obesity is regulated by genetic, endocrine, metabolic, neurological, pharmacological, environmental, and nutritional factors. [...].
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Metabólicas/prevención & control , Enfermedades Metabólicas/terapia , Obesidad/prevención & control , Obesidad/terapia , Animales , Humanos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Tés de HierbasRESUMEN
Obesity is a global health concern. Piceatannol (Pic), an analog of resveratrol (Res), has many reported biological activities. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of Pic in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animal model. The results showed that Pic significantly reduced mouse body weight in a dose-dependent manner without affecting food intake. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and blood glucose (GLU) were significantly lowered in Pic-treated groups. Pic significantly decreased the weight of liver, spleen, perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat compared with the HFD group. Pic significantly reduced the adipocyte cell size of perigonadal fat and decreased the weight of liver. Pic-treated mice showed higher phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC) protein levels and decreased protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein C/EBPα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ and fatty acid synthase (FAS), resulting in decreased lipid accumulation in adipocytes and the liver. Pic altered the composition of the gut microbiota by increasing Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and decreasing Bacteroidetes compared with the HFD group. Collectively, these results suggest that Pic may be a candidate for obesity treatment.
Asunto(s)
Adipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Antiobesidad/administración & dosificación , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/inducido químicamente , Obesidad/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Circadian disruption has been found to increase the risk of metabolic diseases, brain disorders, and cancer. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), responsible for xenobiotic metabolism, is known to be activated by certain environmental stimuli, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exposure to these stimuli may lead to diseases related to circadian disruption, with AhR activation suggested as a leading cause. Both the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (BMAL1) are class II basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) proteins. These proteins form heterodimers with stimulated class I bHLH-PAS proteins, including circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and AhR. Due to their sequential similarity, the overactivation of AhR by toxicants, such as PAHs, may lead to the formation of heterodimers with BMAL1, potentially causing circadian disruption. Dysregulation of BMAL1 can affect a wide range of metabolic genes, emphasizing its crucial roles. However, this issue has not been adequately addressed. Previous studies have reported that the inhibitory effects of phytochemicals on AhR activation can ameliorate diseases induced by environmental toxicants. Additionally, some phytochemicals have shown preventive effects on circadian misalignment. Therefore, this Review aims to explore potential strategies to prevent circadian disruption induced by food-borne toxicants, such as benzo[a]pyrene; to generate new ideas for future studies; and to highlight the importance of investigating these preventive strategies.
RESUMEN
Pickering emulsions were co-stabilized by nanoliposome (NL) and thermally denatured ovalbumin (DOVA) based on the induction of OVA with strong particle characteristics through thermal denaturation. DOVA-NL particles were spherical and their sizes were mainly distributed between 50 and 100 nm. The surface tension and interfacial tension of DOVA-NL were significantly reduced, and the surface hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity and free -SH content of DOVA were enhanced after complexation with NL. The content of α-helix and ß-sheet in DOVA decreased, whereas the content of ß-turn and random coil increased after complexation with NL. Hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces played a vital role in the interactions between NL and DOVA, leading to conformational changes in DOVA. The number of binding sites between NL and DOVA was more than one, and the interaction between NL and DOVA was exothermic and spontaneous. The emulsification index showed that DOVA-NL-stabilized Pickering emulsions (DNPE) were significantly more stable than DOVA-stabilized emulsions. DOVA-NL particles adsorbed at the oil-water interface and the droplet size of DNPE was smaller than that of DOVA-stabilized emulsions. This study suggests that it may be an effective strategy to improve the stability of Pickering emulsions through co-stabilization with NL and DOVA.
RESUMEN
The stability enhancement of proanthocyanidin-loaded liposomes (PC-Lip) via surface decoration with oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) was investigated. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of OKGM-coated PC-Lip (OKGM-PC-Lip) rose significantly. The average size and PDI of OKGM-PC-Lip increased, while the zeta potential decreased compared to those of PC-Lip. PC-Lip membrane fluidity reduced after coating with OKGM. The morphology of OKGM-PC-Lip showed that OKGM "halo layer" was formed on the liposome surface. Hydrogen bonding played an indispensable role in the combination between OKGM and PC-Lip, and the phase transition temperature of PC-Lip slightly increased after coating with OKGM. The retention rate of OKGM-PC-Lip was higher than that of PC-Lip at extreme pH. In vitro release, no significant difference in cumulative release was detected between OKGM-PC-Lip and PC-Lip at gastric stage, while the cumulative release rate of OKGM-PC-Lip was remarkably lower than that of PC-Lip at intestinal stage. The antioxidant activity of OKGM-PC-Lip was notably higher than that of PC-Lip. These results suggested that the resistance of PC-Lip to external influences was fruitfully enhanced after coating with OKGM. Compared with other polysaccharides, OKGM-coated liposomes may be more promising and advantageous in functional foods due to the polysaccharide's benefits to human health.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Liposomas , Mananos , Oxidación-Reducción , Proantocianidinas , Liposomas/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Mananos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Tamaño de la Partícula , Liberación de Fármacos , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol , Hígado , Humanos , Colesterol/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismoRESUMEN
SCOPE: This study investigates the potential of glutamine to mitigate intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis caused by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS AND RESULTS: Over twelve days, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice are given low (0.5 mg kg-1) or high (2 mg kg-1) doses of L-Glutamine daily, with 5-FU (50 mg kg-1) administered between days six and nine. Mice receiving only 5-FU exhibited weight loss, diarrhea, abnormal cell growth, and colonic inflammation, correlated with decreased mucin proteins, increased endotoxins, reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids, and altered gut microbiota. Glutamine supplementation counteracted these effects by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway, modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) oxidative stress proteins, and increasing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels, thereby enhancing microbial diversity and protecting intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore glutamine's potential in preventing 5-FU-induced mucositis by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation pathways.
Asunto(s)
Fluorouracilo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glutamina , Mucosa Intestinal , Mucositis , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Glutamina/farmacología , Mucositis/inducido químicamente , Mucositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucositis/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Masculino , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Disbiosis/inducido químicamente , Disbiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have recently emerged as a promising area of research due to their potential health benefits and biomedical applications. Produced by various plant species, these EVs contain diverse bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Increasing in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PDEVs have inherent pharmacological activities that affect cellular processes, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, which can potentially contribute to disease therapy and improve human health. Additionally, PDEVs have shown potential as efficient and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles in treating various diseases. However, while PDEVs serve as a potential rising star in modern healthy diets and biomedical applications, further research is needed to address their underlying knowledge gaps, especially the lack of standardized protocols for their isolation, identification, and large-scale production. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of PDEVs in clinical applications must be thoroughly evaluated. In this review, we concisely discuss current knowledge in the PDEV field, including their characteristics, biomedical applications, and isolation methods, to provide an overview of the current state of PDEV research. Finally, we discuss the challenges regarding the current and prospective issues for PDEVs. This review is expected to provide new insights into healthy diets and biomedical applications of vegetables and fruits, inspiring new advances in natural food-based science and technology.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable , Vesículas Extracelulares , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Verduras , AntioxidantesRESUMEN
SCOPE: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) that is associated with higher interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and suppression of the Janus kinase 2/Signal transducer and activator of transription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway may contribute to the suppression of this cancer. This study aims to compare the anti-cancer effect of pterostilbene (PSB) and 2'- and 3'-hydroxypterostilbene (2HPSB and 3HPSB, respectively) on the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro experiments with the OCCC cell line TOV21G and a xenograft nude mouse model are used to achieve the study aims. The results showed that 3HPSB has the greatest anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of the three compounds studied. Activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the nuclear translocation of STAT3 are effectively inhibited by 3HPSB and PSB. Both 3HPSB and PSB can effectively suppress tumor growth, which is mediated by the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the efficacy of PSB, 3HPSB, and the newly identified compound 2HPSB regarding ovarian cancer. Moreover, targeting JAK2/STAT3 is shown to be a potentially effective strategy for OCCC treatment. This study is expected to provide new insights into the potential of the abovementioned phytochemicals for development as adjuvants for cancer treatment in the future.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma , Neoplasias Ováricas , Femenino , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Janus Quinasa 2/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Proliferación CelularRESUMEN
Turmeric, derived from Curcuma longa, and Lactobacillus paracasei, a lactic acid bacteria, have been studied for their potential antiobesity effects. To date, the antiobesity effects of turmeric fermented with L. paracasei have not been sufficiently investigated. This study was conducted via oral administration of 5% L. paracasei-fermented (FT) and unfermented turmeric (UT) in diet over 16 weeks using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that the curcuminoid content of turmeric decreased following fermentation. Furthermore, FT significantly suppressed weight gain and liver and visceral adipose tissue weight and reduced plasma metabolic parameters in both the UT and FT experimental groups. The effects of FT were more noticeable than those of the unfermented form. Moreover, FT downregulated the expression of adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammatory-related protein, but upregulated liver ß-oxidation protein SIRT 1, PPARα, and PGC-1α in perigonadal adipose tissue. Additionally, FT ameliorated insulin resistance by activating insulin receptor pathway protein expressions in visceral adipose tissues. FT also modulated gut microbiota composition, particularly in two beneficial bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila and Desulfovibrio, as well as two short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria: Muribaculum intestinale and Deltaproteobacteria. Our findings indicate that the modulation effect of FT may be an important pathway for its antiobesity mechanisms.