Analysis of Methylome of Different Forms of Basal Cell Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Metaplasia of Bronchial Epithelium.

Squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) occurs as a result of dysregenerative changes in the bronchial epithelium: basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous cell metaplasia (SM), and dysplasia. We previously suggested that combinations of precancerous changes detected in the small bronchi of patients with SCLC may reflect various "scenarios" of the precancerous process: isolated BCH→stopping at the stage of hyperplasia, BCH+SM→progression of hyperplasia into metaplasia, SM+dysplasia→progression of metaplasia into dysplasia. In this study, DNA methylome of various forms of precancerous changes in the bronchial epithelium of SCLC patients was analyzed using the genome-wide bisulfite sequencing. In BCH combined with SM, in contrast to isolated BCH, differentially methylated regions were identified in genes of the pathogenetically significant MET signaling pathway (RNMT, HPN). Differentially methylated regions affecting genes involved in inflammation regulation (IL-23, IL-23R, IL12B, IL12RB1, and FIS1) were detected in SM combined with dysplasia in comparison with SM combined with BCH. The revealed changes in DNA methylation may underlie various "scenarios" of the precancerous process in the bronchial epithelium.

[Papillomatosis as a criteria for the formation of the group at risk of laryngeal cancer].

The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of dysplastic pre-neoplastic alterations in the patients presenting with papillomatosis. The results of the clinical, endoscopic, and morphological examination of 42 patients presenting with laryngeal papillomas made it possible to diagnose grade II-III laryngeal cancer in 7 (16.7%) patients. Half of them exhibited pre-neoplastic changes in laryngeal mucosa. The following criteria for the formation of laryngeal cancer risk groups, besides grade II-III epithelial dysplasia, were identified: long (over 12 months) history of papillomatosis, human papilloma virus infection, the history of smoking over 20 years, professional contacts with petroleum, oil, and lubrication materials, and the male gender. An algorithm of observation and treatment for each group of patients differing in the degree of dysplastic changes in laryngeal mucosa was proposed. It is concluded that adequate clinical and endoscopic monitoring of the patients at risk of laryngeal cancer makes it possible to increase the frequency of detection of this condition at the early stages of its development.

[A relationship of squamous-cell metaplasia with the pattern of the course of a respiratory epithelial dysplastic process].

The morphological signs of squamous-cell metaplasia were revealed in 65 out of 193 patients with varying bronchial mucosal changes. A follow-up of the patients indicated that in the group of patients with epithelial dysplasia without squamous-cell metaplasia, the prognosis was good in 65.6% of cases. In the group of patients with epithelial dysplasia and squamous-cell metaplasia, the prognosis was poor in 86.2% of cases.

[The potentials of low-intensity laser radiation in treating precancerous diseases of the stomach]. / Vozmozhnosti nizkoénergeticheskogo lazernogo izlucheniia v lechenii predopukholevykh zabolevanii zheludka.

The beneficial effect of low-energy laser radiation on the natural course of disease, morphologic characteristics of gastric mucosa and key elements of systemic hemostasis was observed in 98 patients with precancer of the stomach (gastric ulcer and chronic atrophic-hyperplastic gastritis with epithelial dysplasia). A correlation between clinical response and normalization of morphologic appearance and homeostasis makes the above-mentioned treatment modality promising and worth further development.

[Intravenous blood laser irradiation in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases and bronchial epithelial dysplasia]. / Vnutrivennaia lazernaia terapiia u bol'nykh HNZL s displaziei bronkhial'nogo épiteliia.

The study included patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNLD) and a morphologically verified diagnosis of first-second degree bronchial epithelial dysplasia (BED). Forty-six patients underwent intravenous blood laser irradiation (IBLI) (a study group); 45 patients received routine anti-inflammatory therapy (a control group). After therapy in the study group, the clinical and endoscopic signs of an inflammatory process were eliminated in 80.4 and 78.2% of cases, respectively. With morphological monitoring, a full and partial regression of BED occurred in 63.1 and 17.4%, respectively. In the control group, clinical and endoscopic improvements were achieved in 53.3 and 52.0% of cases. Dysplastic changes could be arrested only in 8.9% of cases. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Thus, IBLI is a highly effective treatment of dysplastic bronchial epithelial changes in patients with CNLD as compared with the controls.

[Cytometric criteria of evaluation of bronchial epithelium dysplasia with various types of therapy]. / Tsitometricheskie kriterii otsenki displazii bronkhial'nogo épiteliia pri razlichnykh vidakh lecheniia.

Examinations of 111 patients with chronic non-specific pulmonary lesion revealed the dysplastic changes in the bronchial wall in 90 of them. 47 patients received the routine anti-inflammatory therapy course and another 43 patients underwent the endoscopic laser therapy. Cytometry, made before and after therapy, provided for an objective differentiation of signs in different-severity bronchial dysplasia. The application of endoscopic laser irradiation in the correction of pretumor changers in the bronchial tree was shown to be effective in 95.3% of cases, whereas the routine treatment turned out to be ineffective.