High-Performance Multifunctional Carbon Fibrous Sponges Derived from Pitch.

3D carbon-based porous sponges are recognized for significant potential in oil absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, their widespread application is hindered by a common compromise between high performance and affordability of mass production. Herein, a novel approach is introduced that involves laser-assisted micro-zone heating melt-blown spinning (LMHMS) to address this challenge by creating pitch-based submicron carbon fibers (PSCFs) sponge with 3D interconnected structures. These structures bestow the resulting sponge exceptional characteristics including low density (≈20 mg cm-3), high porosity (≈99%), remarkable compressibility (80% maximum strain), and superior conductivity (≈628 S m-1). The resultant PSCF sponges realize an oil/organic solvent sorption capacity over 56 g/g and possess remarkable regenerated ability. In addition to their effectiveness in cleaning up oil/organic solvent spills, they also demonstrated strong electromagnetic shielding capabilities, with a total shielding effectiveness (SE) exceeding 60 dB across the X-band GHz range. In virtue of extreme lightweight of ≈20 mg cm-3, the specific SE of the PSCF sponge reaches as high as ≈1466 dB cm3 g-1, surpassing the performance of numerous carbon-based porous structures. Thus, the unique blend of properties renders these sponges promising for transforming strategies in addressing oil/organic solvent contaminations and providing effective protection against EMI.

Long-term mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a propensity score matching retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are effective ways to treat end-stage renal disease (ERSD). This study aimed to investigate the differences in survival and the factors that influence it in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with HD or PD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed factors related to all-cause death with renal replacement therapy and compared the long-term mortality between HD and PD strategies in patients with ESRD who started HD or PD treatment in our renal HD center between January 1, 2008, and December 1, 2021. RESULTS: Overall, 1,319 patients were included, comprising 690 and 629 patients in the HD and PD groups, respectively, according to the inclusion criteria. After propensity matching, 922 patients remained, with 461 (50%) patients each in the two groups. There were no significant differences in the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year mortality rates between the HD and PD groups (all p > .05). However, the 5- and 10-year mortality rates of the matched patients were 15.8%. 17.6% in the HD group and 21.0%. 27.3% in the PD group, respectively. The 5- and 10-year mortality rates were significantly lower in the HD group (all p < .05) as compared to the PD group. After matching, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with log-rank test was performed, which showed a significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups (p = .001). Logistic multifactor regression analysis revealed that age, weight, hypertension, serum creatinine, and combined neoplasms influenced the survival rate of patients with ESRD (p < .05). In contrast, age, hypertension, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum creatinine, and peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) influenced the survival rate of patients in the HD group (p < .05), and age and weight influenced the survival rate of patients in the PD group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that long-term mortality rates were higher in the PD group than that in the HD group, indicating that HD may be superior to PD.

(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide ameliorates diabetic kidney damage by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and its cross-talk with renal resident cells.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and there are no targeted treatment options at present. The efficacy of the new immunosuppressive drug (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT8) in improving kidney inflammation has been demonstrated in multiple studies. The present study was intended to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of LLDT8 on DN and to reveal its potential pharmacological mechanisms. METHODS: The effects of LLDT8 on liver and kidney functions, and urine microprotein of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced DN mice were detected. The protective effect of LLDT8 on the kidney tissue was observed by pathological staining and transmission electron microscopy. Cell culture experiments were performed to detect the effects of LLDT8 on the expression of chemokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose-induced TCMK1 cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) techniques and to detect the influence of LLDT8 on the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors in high glucose-induced RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS: In animal experiments, treatment with high-dose LLDT8 (0.25 mg/kg/2d) reduced 24 h urinary albumin excretion, improved structural kidney damage, and delayed fibrosis progression in DN mice. Immunofluorescence results showed that LLDT8 intervention reduced macrophage infiltration in kidney tissues of DN mice. PCR and WB results of kidney tissues showed reduced expressions of chemokines CCL2 and M-CSF1 in the LLDT8 intervention group compared to the DN group. In cellular assays, LLDT8 treatment reduced chemokine secretion in high glucose-induced TCMK1 cells, but had no effect on EMT of TCMK1 cells. LLDT8 treatment reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors in high glucose-induced RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that LLDT8 could effectively inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors by macrophages, which could alleviate high glucose-induced renal tissue injury and slow down the process of tissue fibrosis and DN.

Control of oxidative posttranslational cysteine modifications: from intricate chemistry to widespread biological and medical applications.

Cysteine residues in proteins and enzymes often fulfill rather important roles, particularly in the context of cellular signaling, protein-protein interactions, substrate and metal binding, and catalysis. At the same time, some of the most active cysteine residues are also quite sensitive toward (oxidative) modification. S-Thiolation, S-nitrosation, and disulfide bond and sulfenic acid formation are processes which occur frequently inside the cell and regulate the function and activity of many proteins and enzymes. During oxidative stress, such modifications trigger, among others, antioxidant responses and cell death. The unique combination of nonredox function on the one hand and participation in redox signaling and control on the other has placed many cysteine proteins at the center of drug design and pesticide development. Research during the past decade has identified a range of chemically rather interesting, biologically very active substances that are able to modify cysteine residues in such proteins with huge efficiency, yet also considerable selectivity. These agents are often based on natural products and range from simple disulfides to complex polysulfanes, tetrahydrothienopyridines, α,ß -unsaturated disulfides, thiuramdisulfides, and 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones. At the same time, inhibition of enzymes responsible for posttranslational cysteine modifications (and their removal) has become an important area of innovative drug research. Such investigations into the control of the cellular thiolstat by thiol-selective agents cross many disciplines and are often far from trivial.

Clinicopathological Features Combined With Immune Infiltration Could Well Distinguish Outcomes in Stage II and Stage III Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The Immunoscore predicts prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a few studies have incorporated the Immunoscore into the construction of comprehensive prognostic models in CRC, especially stage II CRC. We aimed to construct and validate multidimensional models integrating clinicopathological characteristics and the Immunoscore to predict the prognosis of patients with stage II-III CRC. METHODS: Patients (n = 254) diagnosed with stage II-III CRC from 2009 to 2016 were used to generate Cox models for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The variables included basic clinical indicators, blood inflammatory markers, preoperative tumor biomarkers, mismatch repair status, and the Immunoscore (CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell densities). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regressions were used to construct the prognostic models for DFS and OS. We validated the predictive accuracy and ability of the prognostic models in our cohort of 254 patients. RESULTS: We constructed two predictive prognostic models with C-index values of 0.6941 for DFS and 0.7138 for OS in patients with stage II-III CRC. The Immunoscore was the most informative predictor of DFS (11.92%), followed by pN stage, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and vascular infiltration. For OS, the Immunoscore was the most informative predictor (8.59%), followed by pN stage, age, CA125, and CEA. Based on the prognostic models, nomograms were developed to predict the 3- and 5-year DFS and OS rates. Patients were divided into three risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) according to the risk scores obtained from the nomogram, and significant differences were observed in the recurrence and survival of the different risk groups (p < 0.0001). Calibration curve and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed good accuracy of our models. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis indicated that our nomograms had better net benefit than pathological TNM (pTNM) stage within a wide threshold probability. Especially, we developed a website based on our prognostic models to predict the risks of recurrence and death of patients with stage II-III CRC. CONCLUSIONS: Multidimensional models including the clinicopathological characteristics and the Immunoscore were constructed and validated, with good accuracy and convenience, to evaluate the risks of recurrence and death of stage II-III CRC patients.

Shear stress regulateing the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Ser633 and Ser1177 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through Pim1 / Akt pathway / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of different modes of blood flow shear stress on the Pim1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the regulation of phosphorylation at Ser1177 and Ser633 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Methods HUVECs were isolated from fresh human umbilical cord. The parallel plate flow chamber system was used to load 15 dyn/ cm

Radiological and clinical differences among three assisted technologies in pedicle screw fixation of adult degenerative scoliosis.

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological differences among three advanced guided technologies in adult degenerative scoliosis. A total of 1012 pedicle screws were inserted in 83 patients using a spine robot (group A), 886 screws were implanted in 75 patients using a drill guide template (group B), and 1276 screws were inserted in 109 patients using CT-based navigation (group C). Screw positions were evaluated using postoperative CT scans according to the Gertzbein and Robbins classification. Other relevant data were also collected. Perfect pedicle screw insertion (Grade A) accuracy in groups A, B, and C was 91.3%, 81.3%, and 84.1%, respectively. Clinically acceptable accuracy of screw implantation (Grades A + B) respectively was 96.0%, 90.6%, and 93.0%. Statistical analysis showed the perfect and clinically acceptable accuracy in group A was significant different compared with groups B and C. Group A exhibited the lowest intra-op radiation dose and group B showed the shortest surgical time compared with the other two groups. Robotic-assisted technology demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than the drill guide template or CT-based navigation systems for difficult screw implantations in adult degenerative scoliosis and reduced the intra-op radiation dose, although it failed to reduce surgery time.

Detection performance of Al 18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT in early relapsed prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To assess the performance of Al 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-BCH PET/CT in the detection and localization of early recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Methods:From July 2021 to July 2022, a cohort of 51 patients (age: 49-80(64.8±6.9) years) who underwent Al 18F-PSMA-BCH for biochemical recurrence with the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level less than 2 μg/L in Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were stratified into 4 groups (PSA<0.2 μg/L, 0.2 μg/L≤PSA<0.5 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L≤PSA<1 μg/L, 1 μg/L≤PSA<2 μg/L groups) according to different PSA levels. Lesions detected by Al 18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT were recorded as prostate bed (including bed of seminal vesicles); pelvic, paraaortic, mediastinal/supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes; bone lesions and visceral lesions. The detection rates among different groups were compared by Fisher exact test. Results:Of 51 patients, 30(58.8%) had evidence of abnormal uptake suggestive of recurrent prostate cancer, with 60.0%(18/30) had disease confined to the pelvis, including 26.7%(8/30) had prostate bed recurrence, 26.7%(8/30) had pelvic lymph nodes, 6.6%(2/30) had prostate bed recurrence with pelvic lymph nodes, while 40.0%(12/30) had extra pelvic disease. The detection rates of Al 18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT in PSA<0.2 μg/L, 0.2 μg/L≤PSA<0.5 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L≤PSA<1 μg/L and 1 μg/L≤PSA<2 μg/L groups were 39.1%(9/23), 6/11, 8/9 and 7/8, respectively. There were no significant differences of detection rates between PSA<0.2 μg/L group and 0.2 μg/L≤PSA<0.5 μg/L group ( P=0.397) and also between 0.5 μg/L≤PSA<1 μg/L group and 1 μg/L≤PSA<2 μg/L group ( P=0.929). Conclusion:Al 18F-PSMA-BCH has a high detection rate for early recurrent prostate cancer, even at low PSA levels less than 0.2 μg/L.

Prognostic Model Based on Preoperative FAR and SII Versus TNM Staging System in Evaluating Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer After Radical Resection / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) on the postoperative prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods An ROC curve was used in determining the best cutoff values of FAR and SII and then grouped. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in analyzing the prognostic factors of radical pancreatic cancer surgery, and then a Nomogram prognostic model was established. C-index, AUC, and calibration curve were used in evaluating the discrimination and calibration ability of the Nomogram. DCA curves were used in assessing the clinical validity of the Nomograms. Results The optimal cutoff values for preoperative FAR and SII were 0.095 and 532.945, respectively. FAR≥ 0.095, SII≥ 532.945, CA199≥ 450.9 U/ml, maximum tumor diameter≥ 4 cm, and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy were independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (P<0.05). The discrimination ability, calibration ability, and clinical effectiveness of Nomogram prognostic model were better than those of the TNM staging system. Conclusion The constructed Nomogram prognostic model has higher accuracy and level of discrimination and more clinical benefits than the TNM staging prognostic model.

Establishment and validation of a nomogram-based predictive model for idiopathic aldosteronism / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To establish and validate a nomogram-based predictive model for idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the collected clinical and biochemical data of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) including 249 patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) and 107 patients with IHA, who were treated at the Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2013 to November 2022. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were measured by chemiluminescence. Stepwise regression analysis was applied to select the key predictors of IHA, and a nomogram-based scoring model was developed. The model was validated in another external independent cohort of patients with PA including 62 patients with UPA and 43 patients with IHA, who were diagnosed at the Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. An independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results: In the training cohort, in comparison with the UPA group, the IHA group showed a higher serum potassium level [M(Q1, Q3), 3.4 (3.1, 3.8) mmol/L vs. 2.7 (2.1, 3.1) mmol/L] and higher PRC [4.0 (2.1, 8.2) mU/L vs. 1.5 (0.6, 3.4) mU/L] and a lower PAC post-saline infusion test (SIT) [305 (222, 416) pmol/L vs. 720 (443, 1 136) pmol/L] and a lower rate of unilateral adrenal nodules [33.6% (36/107) vs. 81.1% (202/249)]; the intergroup differences in these measurements were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Serum potassium level, PRC, PAC post-SIT, and the rate of unilateral adrenal nodules showed similar performance in the IHA group in the validation cohort. After stepwise regression analysis for all significant variables in the training cohort, a scoring model based on a nomogram was constructed, and the predictive parameters included the rate of unilateral adrenal nodules, serum potassium concentration, PAC post-SIT, and PRC in the standing position. When the total score was ≥14, the model showed a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.90 in the training cohort and a sensitivity of 0.56 and specificity of 1.00 in the validation cohort. Conclusion: The nomogram was used to successfully develop a model for prediction of IHA that could facilitate selection of patients with IHA who required medication directly.

Laparoscopic surgery contributes to a decrease in short-term complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients during 2008–2017: a multicenter retrospective study in China

Background/Aims@#The aim of this study was to analyze the chronological changes in postoperative complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients over the past decade in China and to investigate the potential parameters that contributed to the changes. @*Methods@#Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surgery during 2008–2017 were retrospectively enrolled from 13 hospitals in China. Postoperative complications were compared among different operation years. Risk factors for complications were identified by logistic regression analysis. @*Results@#A total of 446 surgical ulcerative colitis patients were analyzed. Fewer short-term complications (24.8% vs. 41.0%, P=0.001) and more laparoscopic surgeries (66.4% vs. 25.0%, P<0.001) were found among patients who received surgery during 2014–2017 than 2008–2013. Logistic regression suggested that independent protective factors against short-term complications were a higher preoperative body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.785–0.964; P=0.008), laparoscopic surgery (OR, 0.391; 95% CI, 0.217–0.705; P=0.002) and elective surgery (OR, 0.213; 95% CI, 0.067–0.675; P=0.009). The chronological decrease in short-term complications was associated with an increase in laparoscopic surgery. @*Conclusions@#Our data revealed a downward trend of short-term postoperative complications among surgical ulcerative colitis patients in China during the past decade, which may be due to the promotion of minimally invasive techniques among Chinese surgeons.

Study on the efficacy and safety of FOLFOX4 regimen hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with 125I seed implantation in patients with primary liver cancer and type Ⅲ portal vein tumor thrombus / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of FOLFOX4 regimen hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with 125I seed implantation or gamma knife in patients with primary liver cancer and type Ⅲ portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Methods:The clinical data of 116 patients with primary liver cancer and type Ⅲ PVTT from January 2016 to June 2018 in the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 56 patients were treated with FOLFOX4 regimen HAIC combined with 125I seed implantation in PVTT (observation group), and 56 patients were treated with FOLFOX4 regimen HAIC combined with gamma knife in PVTT (control group). The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, liver function, tumor serum markers, quality of life and portal venous pressure were compared between 2 groups. The patients were followed up to June 2021, the progression-free survival (PFS) time, overall survival (OS) time and 1-, 3-year survival rate were recorded. Results:The objective response rate and disease control rate in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group: 21.43% (12/56) vs. 7.14% (4/56) and 50.00% (28/56) vs. 30.36% (17/56), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tumor supplied group of factor (TSG) after treatment in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group: (58.24 ± 7.16) U/L vs. (67.81 ± 8.39) U/L, (56.39 ± 5.42) U/L vs. (62.87 ± 6.83) U/L, (21.21 ± 4.32) μmol/L vs. (25.88 ± 4.71) μmol/L, (32.98 ± 6.15) μg/L vs. (45.06 ± 7.24) μg/L, (2.39 ± 0.22) μg/L vs. (3.17 ± 0.26) μg/L and (57.81 ± 5.67) kU/L vs. (66.19 ± 5.45) kU/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The quality of life questionnaire core-30 (QLQ-C30) score after treatment in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: (68.13 ± 6.95) scores vs. (64.49 ± 6.73) scores, the portal venous pressure after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: (31.85 ± 3.89) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O = 0.098 kPa) vs. (35.37 ± 4.23) cmH 2O, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Two cases were lost in observation group and 3 cases in the control group; the PFS time and OS time in observation group were significantly longer than those in control group: (13.36 ± 2.85) months vs. (11.76 ± 2.60) months and (23.36 ± 4.37) months vs. (20.72 ± 3.96) months, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); the 1-year survival rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: 70.37% (38/54) vs. 50.94% (27/53), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); there was no statistical difference in 3-year survival rate between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The anti-tumor effect and the improvement effect on liver function in patients with primary liver cancer and type Ⅲ PVTT treated with FOLFOX4 regimen HAIC combined with 125I seed implantation are better than combined gamma knife, and it has high safety and longer survival time.

HPLC assay of epinephrine sulfonate in epinephrine injection / 药学学报

An HPLC method was established for the assay of epinephrine sulfonate (impurity F) in epinephrine injection. The determination was performed on an AQUASIL C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column with a gradient elution system, and the mobile phase was consisted of monopotassium phosphate solution (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B). The injection volume was 40 μL. The detection wavelength was at 210 nm and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The total analytical time was 40 min. The results showed that the standard cure of epinephrine sulfonate (impurity F) between peak area and concentration exhibited good linear relationship within the ranges of 0.520-12.480 μg·mL-1 and the R2 = 0.999 8. The average recovery rate was 103.04% and the RSD was 2.00%. The limit concentration of detection was 0.104 μg·mL-1 and the limit concentration of quantitation was 0.520 μg·mL-1. The method could be applied to the determination of epinephrine sulfonate in epinephrine injection with high accuracy and precision, as well as good sensitivity. It could also enhance the quality standards of epinephrine-related products.

The risk factors associated with apex or basal positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors associate with apex or basal positive surgical margins in patients after radical prostatectomy.Methods:During the period from January 2013 to December 2017, data was collected in 180 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in Urological department of Peking University Cancer Hospital. Surgical margins were stated negative, positive, apex positive, basal positive. Dichotomous logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the age, total prostate volume, biopsy positive cores, D’Amico risk classification, tumor pathology stage, Gleason score, tPSA, f/tPSA and pelvic lymph nodes metastasis with the PSMs.Results:PSMs were detected in 97 cases, including 78 cases with positive apex, 51 cases with positive basal, and 83 cases with negative margin, the PSMs proportion was 53.9%. In univariable analysis, pT 3b( OR=6.871, P=0.010), pT 4( OR=12.13, P<0.05), Gleason≥8( OR=4.989, P=0.005), pelvic lymph nodes metastasis( OR=9.516, P=0.043) associated with higher proportion of PSMs. In multivariable analysis, pT 3b( OR=5.782, P=0.030), pT 4( OR=10.15, P<0.05), Gleason≥8( OR=11.13, P=0.012) were the independent factors positively associated with higher proportion of PSMs. In univariable analysis, pT 3b( OR=4.040, P=0.026), Gleason≥8( OR=2.390, P=0.010) associated with higher proportion of apex positive. In multivariable analysis, Gleason≥8 ( OR=1.980, P=0.030) was the only independent factor associated with higher proportion of apex positive. In univariable analysis, D’Amico high risk ( OR=1.847, P=0.035), pT 4 ( OR=1.780, P=0.001) associated with higher proportion of basal positive. In multivariable analysis, D’Amico high risk ( OR=1.540, P=0.041) was the only independent factor associated with higher proportion of basal positive. Conclusions:In patients radical prostatectomy, pathology staging and Gleason score were associated with positive surgical margins.Gleason score was associated with positive apex margins, and D’Amico risk classification was associated with positive basal margins.

Clinical application of 3D visualization and mixed reality technique in surgical resection of renal tumor / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of 3D visualization and mixed reality technique in the partial nephrectomy of renal tumor, and to evaluate its role in the communication between doctors and patients.Methods:82 patients with renal tumors confirmed by imaging examination including 33 patients in our hospital and 49 patients admitted to the Beijing Cancer Hospital from June 2018 to December 2020, all of whom were single tumors without local or distant metastasis, and in line with the indications of endoscopic partial nephrectomy, but without other systemic serious diseases. These patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=41) and control group (n=41). Both groups were scanned with 64-slice spiral CT before operation, while the CT images in the observation group were generated by DICOM data, modeled by three-dimensional reconstruction software and uploaded to mixed reality glasses for the preoperative planning, doctor-patient communication and intraoperative guidance. In this study, 82 patients underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Questionnaires and scales were used to compare the awareness of disease and/or satisfaction with 3D visual images between the two groups. The intraoperative time of tumor detection, operative time, renal heat ischemia time and intraoperative blood loss in 2 groups were recorded to evaluate preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. In addition, the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, indwelling time of urinary catheter, indwelling time of drainage tube in operation area, length of hospital stays after surgery and pathological type, as well as serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value in patients at 6 months after operation were used to evaluate the postoperative recovery.Results:Before surgery, the concentrations of serum creatinine in patients with the observation group and control group were (66.8±17.5) μmol/L and (70.5±13.7) μmol/L, and the GFR were (40.8±7.6) ml/min and (38.9±6.8) ml/min, respectively. All the 82 cases were operated successfully. The number of correct responses of patients in the observation group and control group about basic kidney physiology, kidney anatomy and surgical plan was (5 vs.4), (2 vs.1), (7 vs.4), the difference among which was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the observation group, the points of patients in understanding their own kidney, disease, specific surgical plan, and risk of surgical complications were 9.5±1.61, 9.3±0.84, 9.7±0.53, and 8.5±2.21 respectively. The tumor detection time was (35.2±5.6) min, the operation time was (100.2±20.1) min, and the renal warm ischemia time was (22.7±8.6) min in the observation group, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group (43.2±6.7) min, (123.2±23.50) min, (33.2±7.8) min. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of bleeding (103.2±22.8 ml vs.112.5±19.5 ml), postoperative recovery time of gastrointestinal function (1.7±0.8 d vs.1.8±1.2 d), indwelling time of urinary catheter (3.9±1.6 d vs.4.2±1.0 d), indwelling time of drainage tube in operation area (4.6±1.3 d vs.4.9±1.7 d), length of hospital stays (6.9±1.5 d vs.7.2±1.3 d), pathological type, and the changes of serum creatinine (10.1±19.0 vs.9.6±11.3) and the amplitude of GRF (19.4±9.5 vs.18.5±10.7) fluctuation in the affected side 6 months after operation (19.4±9.5 vs.18.5±10.7) ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of 3D visualization and mixed reality technology in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance of partial nephrectomy could improve patients' cognitive understanding of renal anatomy, tumor characteristics and surgical operation, and make doctor-patient communication smoother. It can reduce the risk of surgery to a certain extent, reduce the renal heat ischemia and the operation time, and remove the tumor more accurately.

Androgen downregulation of miR-760 promotes prostate cancer cell growth by regulating IL6 / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in Western countries. Studies have shown that androgen contributes to the progression of PCa, but how androgen promotes PCa remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that androgen suppressed the expression of miR-760 depending on the interaction between androgen and androgen receptor (AR). miR-760 was downregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Functional experiments showed that miR-760 downregulation promoted the proliferation and growth of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. In contrast, miR-760 ectopic expression inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. DNA synthesis was suppressed by miR-760. Mechanistically, miR-760 bound to the 3'UTR of interleukin 6 (IL6 ). A mutation in the binding site disrupted their interaction. In addition, silencing ofIL 6 suppressed the proliferation of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. IL6 was upregulated in PCa tissues. Our study reveals that androgen downregulates miR-760 to promote the growth of PCa cells by regulating IL6.

Advances in finite element analysis of rotator cuff tears / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Rotator cuff tears are one of the three most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, with the supraspinatus tendon as the most common lesion site. It may lead to chronic shoulder pain, weakness and limited joint motion, and eventually to secondary degeneration of the shoulder. As traditional biomechanical experiments are limited by measurement techniques and ethical issues, it is almost impossible to clarify the stress distributions at the rotator cuff under physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, advances in computer science, software development and image processing have rapidly improved finite element models of shoulder joint which promote the researches into pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears and their surgical techniques, making finite element analysis an indispensable means in the biomechanic research of rotator cuff. This paper reviews the recent literature available in China and abroad to expound on the element models of shoulder joint applied in the researches into pathogenesis and surgery of rotator cuff tear.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Action and Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxytyrosol / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hydroxytyrosol as one of natural anti-oxidants，extracted from the fruits and leaves of Olea europaea，is a natural polyphenol compound in the form of esters. Recently，considerable studies showed that hydroxytyrosol demonstrated intrinsic biological activity for metabolic syndromes， cardiovascular- and neurodegenerative-related diseases，and it was revealed to play the roles in the anti-activities of cancerous，inflammatory as well as depressing issues. In addition，hydroxytyrosol is an oleophilic and hydrophilic compound with high bioavailability and low cellular cytotoxicity. It could be absorbed by various tissues and could easily passe through blood brain barrier. Therefore，hydroxytyrosol was introduced as one of the key subjects targeted by innovative drug development. However，it has a short half-life in vivo and non-tissue specific，which lead to its limitation in clinical application， so further in-depth studies are still needed. The authors had a literature review of hydroxytyrosol，and summarized the basic properties of its pharmacokinetic，pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms. This article mainly focused on it’s pharmacological activity and the mechanism involved in treating damages induced by the oxidative stress，in alleviating cardiovascular diseases and in inhibition of neurodegenerative diseases. In this article， its anti-inflammatory，anti-tumor，anti-depressant effects，other biological activities，and pharmacokinetics were also briefly reviewed. The authors put forward some personal thoughts on its future research direction，hoping to provide ideas and inspirations for the vast number of researchers，and provide references for its further development，research and application.

Laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy for the treatment of cystic renal masses: initial experience / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy in the treatment of cystic renal masses.Methods:The 19 patients with cystic renal masses undergoing laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy from November 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 6 females. The average age was 46.2 years. The mean body mass index was (25.8±3.1) kg/m 2. The masses located in the left kidney in 7 cases and the right kidney in 12 cases. The ECOG scores were 0. The mean maximum diameter of the tumors was (2.8±1.3) cm. Five cases were diagnosed with Bosniak Ⅲ and 14 cases with Bosniak Ⅳ. According to R. E.N.A.L. scoring, 11 cases were of low difficulty (4-6 points), 7 cases of medium difficulty (7-9 points) and 1 case of high difficulty (10-12 points). The cystic renal masses were ablated by laparoscopic microwave ablation, then followed by partial nephrectomy. Postoperative complications were observed and the prognosis was assessed by CT or MRI. Results:The mean duration of operation was (84.0±20.8) min. The median intraoperative blood loss was 20 (10-50) ml. The median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 3 (2-6) d, and no complications such as bleeding, infection, gross hematuria or urine leakage were observed. According to the malignant degree of cystic renal masses, the patients were divided into low-risk group and high-risk group. The patients with benign cystic kidney tumors or with low biological malignancy were considered as the low-risk group, while the patients with high malignant pathology were considered as the high-risk group. In the low-risk group, there were 4 patients, including 1 patient with papillary adenoma, 1 patient with renal angiomyolipoma, 1 patient with low-grade malignant potential multilocular cystic renal tumor, and 1 patient with renal chromophobe carcinoma (stage T 1a). In the high-risk group, there were 15 cases, including 14 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (AJCC pathological stage: T 1a stage 11 cases, T 1b stage 3 cases; WHO/ISUP classification: 7 cases in grade 1, 6 cases in grade 2, and 1 case in grade 3); 1 case of Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (stage T 1b, grade 2). The median follow-up was 20 months (12-37 months). Both groups survived, and no signs of tumor recurrence, implantation or metastasis were found in chest and abdomen imaging. Blood tests were performed regularly, and no significant abnormalities occurred. Conclusions:The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy for the treatment of cystic renal masses is satisfactory, and postoperative pathology is clear, providing a potential option for cystic renal masses treatment.

Study on the correlation between the prevalence of thyroid nodule and blood glucose, lipid metabolism and iodine nutrient level / 中国综合临床

Objective:To analyze the correlation between simple thyroid nodule and blood lipid and glucose metabolism and iodine nutrition level.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data of the population undergoing epidemiological investigation in Jinshan District, Shanghai from July to December 2015, to calculate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and analyze relevant functional indicators.Results:Simple thyroid nodules were detected in 603 subjects, with a prevalence of 22.6% (603/2 669). There were 358 female patients with simple thyroid nodules, with a prevalence rate of 26.9%, and 245 male patients with simple thyroid nodules, with a prevalence rate of 18.3%. The prevalence of simple thyroid nodule in female was higher than that in male, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=27.686, P<0.001). In addition, the prevalence of simple thyroid nodules increased with age (13.1% (92/704) and 20.2% (104/514) and 25.1% (145/578) and 24.4% (107/439) and 36.3% (98/270) and 34.8% (57/164), χ 2=83.872,P<0.001). In the ≤30 years group (8.0% (30/704) vs. 18.8% (62/331), χ 2=35.716, P<0.001), >30 to ≤40 years old group (14.1% (37/263) vs. 26.7% (67/251), χ 2=12.683, P<0.001), >60 to ≤70 years old group (26.2% (33/126) vs. 45.1% (65/144), χ 2=10.435, P<0.001), and the 70-year-old group (24.4% (21/86) vs. 46.2% (36/78), χ 2=8.521, P<0.001). The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules in males was lower than that in females. In the simple positive thyroid nodule group, Fasting blood glucose (5.12 (4.80, 5.69) and 5.02 (4.72, 5.48)), total cholesterol (1.24 (0.85, 1.86) and 1.13 (0.77, 1.76)), triglyceride (4.77 (4.09, 5.48) and 4.49 (3.92, 5.16)), low density lipoprotein((2.79 (2.26, 3.36) and 2.63 (2.19, 3.16)), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.41 (1.18, 1.66) and 1.35 (1.13, 1.61)) were higher than those in the negative group ( U values were 554 818, 578 468, 535 622, 556 067 and 567 960, respectively, all P<0.01). The BMI index grade distribution of thyroid nodule positive group was higher than that of negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (3.7% (77/2 066), 50.1% (1 034/2 066), 32.4% (669/2 066), 13.8% (286/2 066), 3.2% (19/603), 43.6% (263/603), 38.1% (230/603), 15.1% (91/603), χ2=9.5201, P=0.023). The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules was significantly lower in the iodized salt group than in the non-iodized salt group (20.7% (436/2 102) vs. 29.5% (167/567), χ 2=19.376, P<0.001). The urinary iodine level in the positive thyroid nodule group was significantly lower than that in the negative group (148.4(100.2, 213.7) vs. 169.5(115.4, 241.75), U=545 129.5, P<0.001). After Logistic regression screening, age ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.292-1.908, P<0.001), gender ( OR=1.278, 95% CI: 1.193-1.368, P<0.001), BMI grade ( OR=1.166, 95% CI: 1.022-1.330, P=0.022), total cholesterol ( OR=1.105, 95% CI: 1.005-1.214, P=0.040), iodized salt ( OR=0.689, 95% CI: 0.556-0.854, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of thyroid nodule. Conclusion:The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules in Shanghai is relatively low. Age, sex, BMI level, total cholesterol and iodized salt are independent factors causing thyroid nodules. In addition, blood glucose level may also be related to the prevalence of thyroid nodules.