Amide-functionalized 1,2,4-Triazol-5-amines as Covalent Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factor XIIa and Thrombin.

To counteract thrombosis, new safe and efficient antithrombotics are required. We herein report the design, synthesis, and biological activity of a series of amide-functionalized acylated 1,2,4-triazol-5-amines as selective inhibitors of blood coagulation factor XIIa and thrombin. The introduction of an amide moiety into the main scaffold of 3-aryl aminotriazoles added certain three-dimensional properties to synthesized compounds and allowed them to reach binding sites in FXIIa and thrombin previously unaddressed by non-functionalized 1,2,4-triazol-5-amines. Among synthesized compounds, one quinoxaline-derived aminotriazole bearing N-butylamide moiety inhibited FXIIa with the IC50 value of 28 nM, whereas the N-phenylamide-derived aminotriazole inhibited thrombin with the IC50 value of 41 nM. Performed mass-shift experiments and molecular modeling studies proved the covalent mechanism of FXIIa and thrombin inhibition by synthesized compounds. In plasma coagulation tests, developed aminotriazoles showed anticoagulant properties mainly affecting the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, activation of which is associated with thrombosis but is negligible for hemostasis.

Microscale Parallel Synthesis of Acylated Aminotriazoles Enabling the Development of Factor XIIa and Thrombin Inhibitors.

Herein we report a microscale parallel synthetic approach allowing for rapid access to libraries of N-acylated aminotriazoles and screening of their inhibitory activity against factor XIIa (FXIIa) and thrombin, which are targets for antithrombotic drugs. This approach, in combination with post-screening structure optimization, yielded a potent 7 nM inhibitor of FXIIa and a 25 nM thrombin inhibitor; both compounds showed no inhibition of the other tested serine proteases. Selected N-acylated aminotriazoles exhibited anticoagulant properties in vitro influencing the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, but not extrinsic coagulation. Mechanistic studies of FXIIa inhibition suggested that synthesized N-acylated aminotriazoles are covalent inhibitors of FXIIa. These synthesized compounds may serve as a promising starting point for the development of novel antithrombotic drugs.