Microencapsulation of ß-carotene using barley residue proteins from beer waste as coating material.

This study aimed to produce and characterise microparticles produced from barley residue proteins (BRP) enriched with ß-carotene. The microparticles were obtained by freeze-drying five emulsion formulations with 0.5% w/w whey protein concentrate and different concentrations of maltodextrin and BRP (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% w/w), with the dispersed phase consisting of corn oil enriched with ß-carotene. The mixtures were mechanically mixed and sonicated, the formed emulsions were freeze-drying. The microparticles obtained were tested for encapsulation efficiency, humidity, hygroscopicity, apparent density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), accelerated stability and bioaccessibility. Microparticles produced with the emulsion containing 6% w/w BRP had lower moisture content (3.47 ± 0.05%), higher encapsulation efficiency (69.11 ± 3.36%), bioaccessibility value of 84.1% and greater ß-carotene protection against thermal degradation. SEM analysis showed that microparticles had sizes ranging from 74.4 to 244.8 µm. These results show that BRP are viable for the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds by freeze-drying.

Effect of pasteurisation and freezing method on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of strawberry pulp.

This study evaluated the stability of strawberry pulp subjected to three factors, pasteurisation (pasteurised and unpasteurised), freezing method (static air and forced air) and storage time (0, 2, 4 and 6 months). Pasteurisation favoured vitamin C retention during storage but enhanced the total loss of phenolics without affecting anthocyanin levels. Freezing by forced air was more effective in retaining phenolics during the first 4 months of storage, although the freezing method did not affect the anthocyanin levels. Processing and storage reduced the levels of individual phenolics. Freezing by forced air was more effective than static air in retaining antioxidant activity of the pulp. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme levels were relatively stable and independent of pasteurisation, freezing and storage time. Even after 6 months of frozen storage, strawberry pulp is a significant source of nutrients and bioactive compounds and retains high antioxidant capacity independent of pasteurisation and freezing method.

Efeito da adição de cloreto de cálcio na estabilidade da gordura em sorvetes / Fat destabilization in ice cream by calcium chloride addition

Este trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos da adição de cloreto de cálcio na coalescência dos glóbulos de gordura em sorvetes. Foram preparados sorvetes adicionados ou não de 0,025% deκ-carragena, 0,15% de emulsifi cante (80% de mono e diglicerídeos e 20% de polissorbato 80) e cloreto de cálcio (0, 40 e 80 mM). Partículas coloidais presentes nas gotas do sorvete derretido foram analisadas e seus tamanhos e distribuição medidos, utilizando-seo equipamento Mastersizer 2000. De acordo com os resultados foi possível observar que não houve variação dos valores medidos nas amostras sem adição de cloreto de cálcio. Entretanto, quando se adicionou emulsifi cante ocorreu maior desestabilização dosglóbulos de gordura nas amostras de sorvetes com 40 e 80 mM de cloreto de cálcio e esses valores foram minimizados pela presença de κ-carragena. Os resultados podem ser explicados devido à capacidade de interação dos íons cálcio com os emulsificantes, estabilizantes e as proteínas do leite. Concluiu-se que a adição de cloreto de cálcio é extremamente danosa para aestabilidade de emulsões como sorvetes.

Qualidade dos frutos do pequizeiro submetidos a diferentes tempos de cozimento / Quality Caryocar brasiliense Camb. fruits submitted to different cooking times

O pequi é consumido tradicionalmente cozido, podendo sofrer influência desse processo. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes tempos de cozimento sobre a qualidade do pequi. Os frutos oriundos do Norte de Minas Gerais foram selecionados, lavados, sanificados, descascados e submetidos a diferentes tempos de cozimento (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 minutos). As análises foram realizadas no mesocarpo interno e na água de cozimento. Com o aumento do tempo de cozimento, observou-se, no fruto, diminuição da cor, firmeza e sólidos solúveis e dos minerais potássio, sódio, zinco e ferro, sendo esses minerais detectados na água. O cobre aumentou no mesocarpo interno e reduziu na água. Fósforo, cálcio, magnésio, manganês e enxofre não foram influenciados pelo tempo de cozimento. Vitamina C, carotenóides totais e β-caroteno diminuíram proporcionalmente ao tempo de cozimento e desses, apenas a vitamina C foi encontrada na água de cozimento. Conclui-se que, mesmo com 40 minutos de cozimento, o pequi continua sendo importante fonte de nutrientes.

Caryocar brasiliense Camb. fruits is traditionally consumed cooked; and may suffer influences from this process. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different times of cooking on the quality of this fruit. The fruits from North of Minas Gerais (Brazil) were selected, washed, sanitized, peeled and submitted to different times of cooking (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes). The analyses were carried out at the internal mesocarp and in the cooking water. With the increase of cooking time, decrease of color, firmness and the minerals potassium, sodium, zinc and iron decreased in the fruit and were detected in the water. The copper increased in internal mesocarp and reduced in the water. Potassium, sodium, zinc and iron decreased in the fruit with increased time of cooking and were detected in the water. Copper increased in the internal mesocarp and decreased in water. Phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese and sulfur were not influenced by cooking time. Vitamin C, total carotenoids and beta-carotene decreased to the time of cooking and of these, only vitamin C was found in the cooking water. It was concluded that even with 40 minutes of cooking these fruits continues as an important source of nutrients.

Avaliação do processo de impregnação a vácuo em melão, utilizando diferentes substâncias / Evaluation of the process of vacuum impregnation in melon using different substances

Cortes cilíndricos de melões (Cucumis melo var. inodorus Naudin tipo amarelo) foram submetidos à impregnação com soluções de cloreto de cálcio (0,5 g.100 mL-1 de solução), adicionadas de amido gelatinizado (0, 5 e 10 g.100 mL-1 de solução) e glicose (0, 10 e 20 g.100 mL-1 de solução), com pressão de vácuo (84,4; 50,5 e 16,6 kPa) controlada. Foram feitas medidas do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, perda ou incorporação de componentes e textura de pedaços dos melões antes e após impregnação a vácuo. As variações desses parâmetros foram calculadas em relação aos do fruto original. Alterações na viscosidade das soluções devido aos processamentos também foram quantificadas. A existência de processos sinergísticos entre os fluxos de solutos do fruto e da solução pode ser constatada e analisada através de superfícies de resposta para as diferentes pressões, em função das concentrações de amido gelatinizado e de glicose nas soluções. A mobilidade molecular dos componentes do fruto e da solução em relação à viscosidade foi discutida.

Cylindrical cuts of melon (Cucumis melo var inodorus Naudin, yellow type) were submitted to impregnation with calcium chloride solutions (0.5 g.100 mL-1 of solution) added with gelatinized starch (0. 5 and 10 g.100 mL-1 of solution) and glucose (0. 10 and 20 g.100 mL-1 of solution) with controlled vacuum pressure (84.4; 50.5 and 16.6 kPa). Measurements of the total soluble solids, incorporation or loss components (turgidity) and texture of melon slices were made before and after vacuum impregnation. Quality parameter variations were calculated in relation to the original fruit. Alterations in the viscosity of the solutions during the processing had been also quantified. The existence of synergistic processes between the solute flows from the fruit and from the solution was evident and could be analyzed using response surfaces for the different pressures as a function of the glucose and gelatinized starch concentrations in the solutions. The molecular mobility of components of the fruit and the solution related to viscosity was discussed.