Explaining the stickiness of supply chain relations in the Brazilian soybean trade.

The global trade of agricultural commodities has profound social-ecological impacts, from potentially increasing food availability and agricultural efficiency, to displacing local communities, and to incentivizing environmental destruction. Supply chain stickiness, understood as the stability in trading relationships between supply chain actors, moderates the impacts of agricultural commodity production and the possibilities for supply-chain interventions. However, what factors determine stickiness, that is, how and why farmers, traders, food processors, and consumer countries, develop and maintain trading relationships with specific producing regions, remains unclear. Here, we use data on the Brazilian soy supply chain, a mixed methods approach based on extensive actor-based fieldwork, and an explanatory regression model, to identify and explore the factors that influence stickiness between places of production and supply chain actors. We find four groups of factors to be important: economic incentives, institutional enablers and constraints, social and power dimensions, and biophysical and technological conditions. Among the factors we explore, surplus capacity in soy processing infrastructure, (i.e., crushing and storage facilities) is important in increasing stickiness, as is export-oriented production. Conversely, volatility in market demand expressed by farm-gate soy prices and lower land-tenure security are key factors reducing stickiness. Importantly, we uncover heterogeneity and context-specificity in the factors determining stickiness, suggesting tailored supply-chain interventions are beneficial. Understanding supply chain stickiness does not, in itself, provide silver-bullet solutions to stopping deforestation, but it is a crucial prerequisite to understanding the relationships between supply chain actors and producing regions, identifying entry points for supply chain sustainability interventions, assessing the effectiveness of such interventions, forecasting the restructuring of trade flows, and considering sourcing patterns of supply chain actors in territorial planning.

A better Amazon road network for people and the environment.

The rapidly expanding network of roads into the Amazon is permanently altering the world's largest tropical forest. Most proposed road projects lack rigorous impact assessments or even basic economic justification. This study analyzes the expected environmental, social and economic impacts of 75 road projects, totaling 12 thousand kilometers of planned roads, in the region. We find that all projects, although in different magnitudes, will negatively impact the environment. Forty-five percent will also generate economic losses, even without accounting for social and environmental externalities. Canceling economically unjustified projects would avoid 1.1 million hectares of deforestation and US$ 7.6 billion in wasted funding for development projects. For projects that exceed a basic economic viability threshold, we identify the ones that are comparatively better not only in terms of economic return but also have lower social and environmental impacts. We find that a smaller set of carefully chosen projects could deliver 77% of the economic benefit at 10% of the environmental and social damage, showing that it is possible to have efficient tradeoff decisions informed by legitimately determined national priorities.

A Commodity Supply Mix for More Regionalized Life Cycle Assessments.

Supply chain information is invaluable to further regionalize product life cycle assessments (LCAs), but detailed information linking production and consumption centers is not always available. We introduce the commodity supply mix (CSM) defined as the trade-volume-weighted average representing the combined geographic areas for the production of a commodity exported to a given market with the goal of (1) enhancing the relevance of inventory and impact regionalization and (2) allocating these impacts to specific markets. We apply the CSM to the Brazilian soybean supply chain mapped by Trase to obtain the mix of ecoregions and river basins linked to domestic consumption and exports to China, EU, France, and the rest of the world, before quantifying damage to biodiversity, and water scarcity footprints. The EU had the lowest potential biodiversity damage but the largest water scarcity footprint following respective sourcing patterns in 12 ecoregions and 18 river basins. These results differed from the average impact scores obtained from Brazilian soybean production information alone. The CSM can be derived at different scales (subnationally, internationally) using existing supply chain information and constitutes an additional step toward greater regionalization in LCAs, particularly for impacts with greater spatial variability such as biodiversity and water scarcity.

Fractal correlations and linear analyses of heart rate variability in healthy young people with different levels of physical activity.

Changes in cardiac autonomic regulation, expressed by increased sympathetic activity and decreased heart rate variability, have an important relationship with the onset of lethal cardiac phenomena. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cardiac autonomic behaviour in young people according to their level of physical activity. Through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, 55 healthy young non-smokers with no history of previous diseases and whose parents did not suffer from metabolic syndrome were assessed and divided into groups: sedentary (n=12), insufficiently active (n=16), active (n=14), and very active (n=13). We collected respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest, and body mass index. Subjects remained supine at rest, and without mental stress for 15 minutes in a controlled environment. Using a cardiofrequency meter (Polar® RS800CX), data were analysed in the time domain, frequency domain, and detrended fluctuation analysis. For the sedentary group, the mean RR and rMSSD were significantly lower, and the insufficiently active group showed higher means, but significantly only for rMSSD. The insufficiently active group showed in the detrended fluctuation analysis that α2 was significantly lower compared with the sedentary, active, and very active groups. We conclude that young, healthy, sedentary individuals present an increased heart rate and that insufficiently active individuals present a decreased fractal correlation and increased parasympathetic activity.

Cardiac autonomic regulation during exposure to auditory stimulation with classical baroque or heavy metal music of different intensities.

OBJECTIVES: The effects of chronic music auditory stimulation on the cardiovascular system have been investigated in the literature. However, data regarding the acute effects of different styles of music on cardiac autonomic regulation are lacking. The literature has indicated that auditory stimulation with white noise above 50 dB induces cardiac responses. We aimed to evaluate the acute effects of classical baroque and heavy metal music of different intensities on cardiac autonomic regulation. STUDY DESIGN: The study was performed in 16 healthy men aged 18-25 years. All procedures were performed in the same soundproof room. We analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) in time (standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals [SDNN], root-mean square of differences [RMSSD] and percentage of adjacent NN intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms [pNN50]) and frequency (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF] and LF/HF ratio) domains. HRV was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the volunteers were exposed to one of the two musical styles (classical baroque or heavy metal music) for five minutes through an earphone, followed by a five-minute period of rest, and then they were exposed to the other style for another five minutes. The subjects were exposed to three equivalent sound levels (60-70dB, 70-80dB and 80-90dB). The sequence of songs was randomized for each individual. RESULTS: Auditory stimulation with heavy metal music did not influence HRV indices in the time and frequency domains in the three equivalent sound level ranges. The same was observed with classical baroque musical auditory stimulation with the three equivalent sound level ranges. CONCLUSION: Musical auditory stimulation of different intensities did not influence cardiac autonomic regulation in men.

[Maternal care of the premature child: a study of the social representations]. / O cuidar materno diante do filho prematuro: um estudo das representações sociais.

The objective of this study was to identify the social representations of mothers regarding the maternal care provided to a premature child. The participants were 30 mothers of premature infants, who attended three early stimulation classes in Jequié-BA. The Free Words Association Test was used for data collection. Participants were asked to say five words about provision of maternal care to the premature child and to rank the words according to importance. The data were processed using EVOC 2003, generating a four-place chart. In the upper left corner, the words love and affection appeared; in the upper right, anguish, attention, affection, and patience; in the lower left, fear and prevention; and in the lower right, joy, devotion, dependence, difficulty, experience, protection, responsibility, and overcoming. Love and care appear to be the center of the representations. Love refers to the exercise of the mother role. Care may represent the wish to find improvements for their child.

Addressing indirect sourcing in zero deforestation commodity supply chains.

The trade in agricultural commodities is a backbone of the global economy but is a major cause of negative social and environmental impacts, not least deforestation. Commodity traders are key actors in efforts to eliminate deforestation-they are active in the regions where commodities are produced and represent a "pinch point" in global trade that provides a powerful lever for change. However, the procurement strategies of traders remain opaque. Here, we catalog traders' sourcing across four sectors with high rates of commodity-driven deforestation: South American soy, cocoa from Côte d'Ivoire, Indonesian palm oil, and Brazilian live cattle exports. We show that traders often source more than 40% of commodities "indirectly" via local intermediaries and that indirect sourcing is a major blind spot for sustainable sourcing initiatives. To eliminate deforestation, indirect sourcing must be included in sectoral initiatives, and landscape or jurisdictional approaches, which internalize indirect sourcing, must be scaled up.

Teamwork in Pediatric Resuscitation: Training Medical Students on High-Fidelity Simulation.

Background: Simulation training and teamwork for medical students are essential to improve performance in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Purpose: To evaluate if a specific approach to teamwork improves technical and nontechnical performance. Methods: We performed quasiexperimental, prospective, pre- and postinterventional, and nonrandomized research with 65 students in the fourth year of their medicine course. This was a case-control study in which teams used a customized TeamSTEPPS protocol (n=34) or not (n=31) for cardiopulmonary arrest training in children using high-fidelity simulation. All participants answered a sociodemographic and satisfaction questionnaire and underwent theory and practice pre- and posttesting. The survey data were collected in 2019 and analyzed using χ2, Mann-Whitney, κ, and Wilcoxon tests. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Intervention and control groups achieved better scores in theory posttesting (p<0.001 and p=0.049), but there was no difference between them in pre- (p=0.291) and posttesting (p=0.397). In the checklist of the practice test, all groups obtained their best outcomes in posttesting and the intervention group achieved higher scores (p<0.001). All groups increased the number of teamwork events and reduced the time span to perform resuscitation first steps (p<0.001) in posttesting. Conclusion: The use of teamwork training based on a customized TeamSTEPPS protocol improved performance in team behavior and group technical achievement. The evaluation of the students about the training was positive.

Disentangling the numbers behind agriculture-driven tropical deforestation.

Tropical deforestation continues at alarming rates with profound impacts on ecosystems, climate, and livelihoods, prompting renewed commitments to halt its continuation. Although it is well established that agriculture is a dominant driver of deforestation, rates and mechanisms remain disputed and often lack a clear evidence base. We synthesize the best available pantropical evidence to provide clarity on how agriculture drives deforestation. Although most (90 to 99%) deforestation across the tropics 2011 to 2015 was driven by agriculture, only 45 to 65% of deforested land became productive agriculture within a few years. Therefore, ending deforestation likely requires combining measures to create deforestation-free supply chains with landscape governance interventions. We highlight key remaining evidence gaps including deforestation trends, commodity-specific land-use dynamics, and data from tropical dry forests and forests across Africa.

Transition of blind women to motherhood from the perspective of Transitions Theory.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the transition of blind women to motherhood from the perspective of Transitions Theory. METHOD: a qualitative, descriptive study, which had as participants 11 blind women. An open interview was conducted using the narrative method. Analysis occurred in the light of Transitions Theory, with approval from the Research Ethics Committee with Human Beings. RESULTS: the age group was 32 to 63 years, mostly Catholic, with social security benefits. Transition to motherhood mainly evidenced the experience when becoming a mother and feelings related to this new phase of life. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the women in the study adapted themselves to the maternal role, even with difficulties, developed healthy relationships with their children, overcame their disability and nurtured dreams and desires. They were aware of their role, achieving with mastery a healthy transition. It was evidenced scarcity of nursing therapies.

Factors associated with traffic accidents among drivers: findings from a population-based study. / Fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito entre condutores de veículos: achados de um estudo de base populacional.

This study aimed to identify associated factors with drivers' involvement in traffic accidents (TA). Thus, in 2013, a household survey was conducted with 1,406 drivers in Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. A hierarchical conceptual model was established and consisted of four blocks of exposure factors, considering the proximal-distal relationships between them and the outcome. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Higher TA probability was observed among drivers aged 15-29 years (OR=3.15; 95%CI 1.24-8.02), with black or brown skin color (OR=1.56; 95%CI 1.03-2.35), motorcyclists (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.15-2.60), with a history of traffic tickets (OR=1.75; 95%CI 1.04-2.94), who reported drinking and driving (OR=1.68; 95%CI 1.12-2.53) and used cell phone while driving (OR=1.63; 95%CI 1.09-2.43). Proximal factors changed the exposure association measures concerning higher levels of determination of the hierarchical model, mainly regarding the gender variable. The results emphasize the behavioral factors and reaffirm the TAs' preventable potential due to the occurrence of avoidable conditions associated with the outcome.

O estudo teve por objetivo identificar fatores associados ao envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito (AT) entre condutores de veículos. Para isso, realizou-se inquérito domiciliar na cidade de Jequié, Bahia, em 2013, com 1.406 condutores. Elaborou-se um modelo conceitual hierarquizado composto por quatro blocos de fatores de exposição, considerando as relações proximais-distais entre estes e o desfecho. Foi empregado modelo de regressão logística multinível para as estimativas de Razão de Chances (RC) e Intervalos de Confiança a 95% (IC95%). Observou-se maior chance de AT entre condutores de 15 a 29 anos (RC=3,15; IC95% 1,24-8,02); de cor da pele preta ou parda (RC=1,56; IC95% 1,03-2,35); motociclistas (RC=1,73; IC95% 1,15-2,60); com antecedentes de multa no trânsito (RC=1,75; IC95% 1,04-2,94); que referiram beber e dirigir (RC=1,68; IC95% 1,12-2,53) e usar telefone celular durante a condução (RC=1,63; IC95% 1,09-2,43). Os fatores proximais modificaram as medidas de associação das exposições dos níveis superiores do modelo hierarquizado, principalmente da variável sexo. Os resultados enfatizam os fatores comportamentais e ratificam o potencial de prevenção dos AT, em virtude da ocorrência de condições evitáveis associadas ao desfecho.

Acknowledging uncertainty in evolutionary reconstructions of ecological niches.

Reconstructing ecological niche evolution can provide insight into the biogeography and diversification of evolving lineages. However, comparative phylogenetic methods may infer the history of ecological niche evolution inaccurately because (a) species' niches are often poorly characterized; and (b) phylogenetic comparative methods rely on niche summary statistics rather than full estimates of species' environmental tolerances. Here, we propose a new framework for coding ecological niches and reconstructing their evolution that explicitly acknowledges and incorporates the uncertainty introduced by incomplete niche characterization. Then, we modify existing ancestral state inference methods to leverage full estimates of environmental tolerances. We provide a worked empirical example of our method, investigating ecological niche evolution in the New World orioles (Aves: Passeriformes: Icterus spp.). Temperature and precipitation tolerances were generally broad and conserved among orioles, with niche reduction and specialization limited to a few terminal branches. Tools for performing these reconstructions are available in a new R package called nichevol.

Representação de acadêmicos de enfermagem acerca de sexualidade durante a amamentação / Perception of nursing students about sexuality during breastfeeding

Introdução: Durante o período da gravidez e da amamentação a mulher vivência mudanças fisiológicas, psicológicas e de ordem estrutural, essas mudanças podem trazer alterações na sexualidade feminina, devendo os profissionais de saúde ter uma atenção especial as suas necessidades particulares e com direitos sexuais. Objetivo: Conhecer as representações que os acadêmicos de enfermagem possuem acerca da sexualidade durante a amamentação. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Participaram da pesquisa 16 acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do interior da Bahia, Brasil. Para coleta dos dados empíricos foi utilizado à técnica projetiva de desenho-estória com tema e analisados mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultado: Após análise, revelaram-se três categorias: sentimentos e desejos sexuais adormecidos devido à atenção dispensada para o bebê e os afazeres domésticos; sexualidade representada pela demonstração de amor, apoio, companheirismo, dedicação e respeito à mulher durante o período de amamentação e interferências na sexualidade permeada pelo comprometimento da autoimagem e autoestima da mulher. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a amamentação e a sexualidade foi percebida pelos acadêmicos de enfermagem através de conceitos estabelecidos socialmente, vivenciados ou não, assim é de extrema importância à abordagem desse tema na formação dos profissionais de saúde, para que possam descontruir alguns tabus enraizados durante a sua construção social.

Introducción: Durante el período de embarazo y lactancia, las mujeres experimentan cambios fisiológicos, psicológicos y estructurales. Estos cambios pueden provocar cambios en la sexualidad femenina, por lo cual las personas profesionales de la salud deben prestar especial atención a sus necesidades particulares y derechos sexuales. Objetivo: Conocer las representaciones que la población estudiantil de enfermería tiene sobre la sexualidad durante la lactancia. Método: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria. Dieciséis estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública del interior de Bahía, Brasil, participaron de la investigación. Para recolectar los datos empíricos, se utilizó la técnica proyectiva de dibujo-cuento con tema y se analizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultado: Después del análisis, se revelaron tres categorías: sentimientos y deseos sexuales latentes debido a la atención al bebé y las tareas del hogar, la sexualidad representada por la demostración de amor, apoyo, compañerismo, entrega y respeto a la mujer durante el período de lactancia, e interferencia en la sexualidad permeada por el compromiso de la propia imagen y autoestima de la mujer. Conclusión: Se concluye que la lactancia materna y la sexualidad fueron percibidas por las personas estudiantes de enfermería a través de conceptos socialmente establecidos, experimentados o no. Por lo que, es de suma importancia abordar este tema en la formación de las personas profesionales de la salud, para que puedan deconstruir algunos tabúes arraigados durante su desarrollo social.

Introduction: During the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, women experience physiological, psychological, and structural changes; these changes can impact their sexuality. Health professionals should pay special attention to their particular needs and sexual rights. Objective: To understand the perception that nursing students have about sexuality during breastfeeding. Method: This is qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research. Sixteen nursing students from a public university in the interior of Bahia, Brazil participated in the research. To collect the empirical data, the projective technique of drawing a story about a given theme was used and the result was analyzed using the technique of content analysis. Result: After the analysis, three categories were revealed: dormant sexual feelings and desires due to the attention given to the baby and household chores; sexuality represented by the demonstration of love, support, companionship, dedication, and respect to women during the period of breastfeeding; and sexuality interference permeated by the commitment of the woman's self-image and self-esteem. Conclusion: It is concluded that breastfeeding and sexuality were perceived by nursing students through socially established concepts, experienced or not. Therefore, it is extremely important to approach this topic during the training of health professionals to help them deconstruct those socially ingrained taboos.

Stress, self-esteem and well-being among female health professionals: A randomized clinical trial on the impact of a self-care intervention mediated by the senses.

BACKGROUND: Stress levels are evident among health professionals. However, there are few studies on sensory-based self-care aimed at stress management, self-esteem and subjective well-being in this group of professionals. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a self-care intervention mediated by the senses on the stress levels, self-esteem and well-being of health professionals in a hospital environment. METHODS: A total of 93 health professionals participated in an unblinded clinical trial, randomized into four groups: 1) control (no intervention); 2) Monosensory-daily body moisturizing (DBM) with odorless cream; 3) Bisensory-DBM with scented cream; 4) Multisensory-DBM with scented cream associated with audiovisual material. Participants answered specific questionnaires to assess stress, self-esteem and well-being and cortisol samples were collected at baseline, 15 and 30 days following intervention, and at the 30-day follow-up. RESULTS: Self-care was characterized as neglected, with most participants reporting inadequate hours of sleep (74%), irregular physical activity (68%), and inadequate nutrition (45%). Compared to the other groups, the Bisensory group had lower stress on all three assessments (p = 0.017; 0.012; 0.036), a life satisfaction 8% higher at follow-up than at baseline (95% CI: 2% to 15%, p = 0.016), a 10% increase in positive affect (95% CI: 2% to 19%, p = 0.011) and a 12% reduction in negative affect (95% CI: 3% to 21% less, p = 0.014) after 30 days. The Multisensory group showed improvement in self-esteem (p = 0.012) and reduced cortisol (p = 0.036) after 30 days of intervention. The control group showed no changes in the variables studied, except for cortisol: an increase at the 15-day evaluation (denoting higher risk for stress, p = 0.009) and a reduction at follow-up (p = 0.028), which was nevertheless within normal levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02406755.

Transition of blind women to motherhood from the perspective of Transitions Theory / Transición de mujeres ciegas para la maternidad en la perspectiva de la Teoría de las Transiciones / Transição de mulheres cegas para a maternidade na perspectiva da Teoria das Transições

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the transition of blind women to motherhood from the perspective of Transitions Theory. Method: a qualitative, descriptive study, which had as participants 11 blind women. An open interview was conducted using the narrative method. Analysis occurred in the light of Transitions Theory, with approval from the Research Ethics Committee with Human Beings. Results: the age group was 32 to 63 years, mostly Catholic, with social security benefits. Transition to motherhood mainly evidenced the experience when becoming a mother and feelings related to this new phase of life. Final considerations: the women in the study adapted themselves to the maternal role, even with difficulties, developed healthy relationships with their children, overcame their disability and nurtured dreams and desires. They were aware of their role, achieving with mastery a healthy transition. It was evidenced scarcity of nursing therapies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la transición de mujeres ciegas para la maternidad en la perspectiva de la Teoría de las Transiciones. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, con 11 mujeres ciegas participando. Se realizó una entrevista abierta utilizando el método Narrativa de la vida y el análisis se realizó a la luz de la Teoría de la transición, con la aprobación del Comité de ética en investigación con seres humanos. Resultados: el grupo de edad tenía entre 32 y 63 años, la mayoría católicos con beneficios de seguridad social. La transición de la maternidad mostró principalmente la experiencia de convertirse en madre y los sentimientos relacionados con esta nueva fase de la vida. Consideraciones finales: las mujeres que participaron en el estudio se adaptaron al papel materno, a pesar de las dificultades, desarrollaron relaciones saludables con sus hijos, superaron la discapacidad y cultivaron sueños y deseos, conscientes de su papel, logrando el dominio de la transición saludable. Había escasez de terapias de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a transição de mulheres cegas para a maternidade na perspectiva da Teoria das Transições. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, que teve como participantes 11 mulheres cegas. Realizou-se entrevista aberta por meio do método de Narrativa de Vida, e a análise ocorreu à luz da Teoria das Transições, com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: a faixa etária foi de 32 a 63 anos, a maioria era católica e com benefícios da seguridade social. A transição da maternidade evidenciou principalmente a experiência vivenciada ao se tornar mãe e sentimentos relacionados a essa nova fase da vida. Considerações finais: as mulheres participantes do estudo se adaptaram ao papel materno, mesmo com as dificuldades, desenvolveram relações saudáveis com os filhos, superaram a deficiência e cultivaram sonhos e desejos, conscientes de seu papel, alcançando a maestria da transição saudável. Evidenciou-se a escassez das terapêuticas de enfermagem.

Transition of blind women to motherhood from the perspective of Transitions Theory / Transición de mujeres ciegas para la maternidad en la perspectiva de la Teoría de las Transiciones / Transição de mulheres cegas para a maternidade na perspectiva da Teoria das Transições

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the transition of blind women to motherhood from the perspective of Transitions Theory. Method: a qualitative, descriptive study, which had as participants 11 blind women. An open interview was conducted using the narrative method. Analysis occurred in the light of Transitions Theory, with approval from the Research Ethics Committee with Human Beings. Results: the age group was 32 to 63 years, mostly Catholic, with social security benefits. Transition to motherhood mainly evidenced the experience when becoming a mother and feelings related to this new phase of life. Final considerations: the women in the study adapted themselves to the maternal role, even with difficulties, developed healthy relationships with their children, overcame their disability and nurtured dreams and desires. They were aware of their role, achieving with mastery a healthy transition. It was evidenced scarcity of nursing therapies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la transición de mujeres ciegas para la maternidad en la perspectiva de la Teoría de las Transiciones. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, con 11 mujeres ciegas participando. Se realizó una entrevista abierta utilizando el método Narrativa de la vida y el análisis se realizó a la luz de la Teoría de la transición, con la aprobación del Comité de ética en investigación con seres humanos. Resultados: el grupo de edad tenía entre 32 y 63 años, la mayoría católicos con beneficios de seguridad social. La transición de la maternidad mostró principalmente la experiencia de convertirse en madre y los sentimientos relacionados con esta nueva fase de la vida. Consideraciones finales: las mujeres que participaron en el estudio se adaptaron al papel materno, a pesar de las dificultades, desarrollaron relaciones saludables con sus hijos, superaron la discapacidad y cultivaron sueños y deseos, conscientes de su papel, logrando el dominio de la transición saludable. Había escasez de terapias de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a transição de mulheres cegas para a maternidade na perspectiva da Teoria das Transições. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, que teve como participantes 11 mulheres cegas. Realizou-se entrevista aberta por meio do método de Narrativa de Vida, e a análise ocorreu à luz da Teoria das Transições, com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: a faixa etária foi de 32 a 63 anos, a maioria era católica e com benefícios da seguridade social. A transição da maternidade evidenciou principalmente a experiência vivenciada ao se tornar mãe e sentimentos relacionados a essa nova fase da vida. Considerações finais: as mulheres participantes do estudo se adaptaram ao papel materno, mesmo com as dificuldades, desenvolveram relações saudáveis com os filhos, superaram a deficiência e cultivaram sonhos e desejos, conscientes de seu papel, alcançando a maestria da transição saudável. Evidenciou-se a escassez das terapêuticas de enfermagem.

Satisfação profissional de enfermeiros que atuam no bloco cirúrgico de um hospital de excelência / Professional satisfaction of nurses at a surgicenter in an excellence hospital / Satisfacción profesional de enfermeras que trabajan en centro quirúrgico de un hospital de excelencia

Objetivos: Analisar e comparar o índice de satisfação profissional (ISP) de enfermeiros do bloco cirúrgico (BC). Método: Estudo de campo, comparativo e quantitativo que utilizou o ISP na avaliação da autonomia, interação, remuneração, normas organizacionais, status profissional e requisitos do trabalho de enfermeiros atuantes do BC de um hospital privado de São Paulo. Resultados: Dos 49 enfermeiros da amostra, 39 atuavam em centro cirúrgico (CC) e sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) e 10 no centro de material e esterilização (CME). A interação foi o componente de maior importância, e o status profissional, o de menor, no entanto status profissional obteve o maior nível de satisfação, e requisitos do trabalho, o menor. O ISP foi 11,04 (baixo nível), considerando possível variação entre 0,9 e 37,1. Houve diferença significante para interação, com maior satisfação dos enfermeiros do CC/SRPA em comparação com os do CME. Conclusão: A satisfação profissional de enfermeiros do BC avaliada pelo ISP foi baixa. Conhecer os fatores que influenciam nesse índice é importante, pois a satisfação interfere diretamente na qualidade da assistência, previne doenças ocupacionais, além de ser indicador de resultados no processo de trabalho.

Objectives: To analyze and compare the professional satisfaction index (PSI) of surgical block (SB) nurses. Method: Comparative and quantitative field study that used the PSI in the evaluation of autonomy, interaction, compensation, organizational standards, professional status and work requirements of nurses working in the SB of a private hospital in São Paulo. Results: Of the 49 nurses in the sample, 39 worked in the operating room (OR) and post-anesthesia recovery room (PARR) and 10 worked in the material and sterilization center (MSC). Interaction was the most important component, and professional status was the least important. However, professional status obtained the highest level of satisfaction, while work requirements received the lowest. The PSI was 11.04 (low level), considering possible variation between 0.9 and 37.1. There was a significant difference for interaction, with greater satisfaction of OR/PARR nurses compared to MSC nurses. Conclusion: Professional satisfaction of SB nurses assessed by PSI was low. It is important to have knowledge of the factors that influence this index, as satisfaction directly interferes in the quality of care and prevents occupational diseases, besides being an indicator of results in the work process.

Objetivos: analizar y comparar el índice de satisfacción profesional (ISP) de las enfermeras en el quirófano. Método: Estudio de campo, comparativo y cuantitativo que utilizó el ISP en la evaluación de autonomía, interacción, remuneración, normas organizacionales, estatus profesional y requisitos de trabajo de enfermeras que trabajan en el BC de un hospital privado en São Paulo. Resultados: De las 49 enfermeras de la muestra, 39 trabajaron en el centro quirúrgico (CQ) y la sala de recuperación postanestésica (SRPA) y 10 en el centro de material y esterilización (CME). La interacción fue el componente más importante, y el estado profesional, el más bajo, sin embargo, el estado profesional obtuvo el mayor nivel de satisfacción y los requisitos laborales, el más bajo. El ISP fue 11.04 (nivel bajo), considerando una posible variación entre 0.9 y 37.1. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la interacción, con una mayor satisfacción de las enfermeras de CQ/SRPA en comparación con las de CME. Conclusión: La satisfacción profesional de las enfermeras de quirófano evaluadas por el ISP fue baja. Es importante conocer los factores que influyen en este índice, ya que la satisfacción interfiere directamente con la calidad de la atención, previene enfermedades ocupacionales, además de ser un indicador de resultados en el proceso de trabajo.

Fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito entre condutores de veículos: achados de um estudo de base populacional / Factors associated with traffic accidents among drivers: findings from a population-based study

Resumo O estudo teve por objetivo identificar fatores associados ao envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito (AT) entre condutores de veículos. Para isso, realizou-se inquérito domiciliar na cidade de Jequié, Bahia, em 2013, com 1.406 condutores. Elaborou-se um modelo conceitual hierarquizado composto por quatro blocos de fatores de exposição, considerando as relações proximais-distais entre estes e o desfecho. Foi empregado modelo de regressão logística multinível para as estimativas de Razão de Chances (RC) e Intervalos de Confiança a 95% (IC95%). Observou-se maior chance de AT entre condutores de 15 a 29 anos (RC=3,15; IC95% 1,24-8,02); de cor da pele preta ou parda (RC=1,56; IC95% 1,03-2,35); motociclistas (RC=1,73; IC95% 1,15-2,60); com antecedentes de multa no trânsito (RC=1,75; IC95% 1,04-2,94); que referiram beber e dirigir (RC=1,68; IC95% 1,12-2,53) e usar telefone celular durante a condução (RC=1,63; IC95% 1,09-2,43). Os fatores proximais modificaram as medidas de associação das exposições dos níveis superiores do modelo hierarquizado, principalmente da variável sexo. Os resultados enfatizam os fatores comportamentais e ratificam o potencial de prevenção dos AT, em virtude da ocorrência de condições evitáveis associadas ao desfecho.

Abstract This study aimed to identify associated factors with drivers' involvement in traffic accidents (TA). Thus, in 2013, a household survey was conducted with 1,406 drivers in Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. A hierarchical conceptual model was established and consisted of four blocks of exposure factors, considering the proximal-distal relationships between them and the outcome. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Higher TA probability was observed among drivers aged 15-29 years (OR=3.15; 95%CI 1.24-8.02), with black or brown skin color (OR=1.56; 95%CI 1.03-2.35), motorcyclists (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.15-2.60), with a history of traffic tickets (OR=1.75; 95%CI 1.04-2.94), who reported drinking and driving (OR=1.68; 95%CI 1.12-2.53) and used cell phone while driving (OR=1.63; 95%CI 1.09-2.43). Proximal factors changed the exposure association measures concerning higher levels of determination of the hierarchical model, mainly regarding the gender variable. The results emphasize the behavioral factors and reaffirm the TAs' preventable potential due to the occurrence of avoidable conditions associated with the outcome.

A single bout of exercise with a flexible pole induces significant cardiac autonomic responses in healthy men.

OBJECTIVES: Flexible poles can provide rapid eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. Muscle vibration is associated with a "tonic vibration reflex" that is stimulated by a sequence of rapid muscle stretching, activation of the muscle spindles and stimulation of a response that is similar to the myotatic reflex. Literature studies analyzing the acute cardiovascular responses to different exercises performed with this instrument are lacking. We investigated the acute effects of exercise with flexible poles on the heart period in healthy men. METHOD: The study was performed on ten young adult males between 18 and 25 years old. We evaluated the heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains. The subjects remained at rest for 10 min. After the rest period, the volunteers performed the exercises with the flexible poles. Immediately after the exercise protocol, the volunteers remained seated at rest for 30 min and their heart rate variability was analyzed. RESULTS: The pNN50 was reduced at 5-10 and 15-20 min after exercise compared to 25-30 min after exercise (p = 0.0019), the SDNN was increased at 25-30 min after exercise compared to at rest and 0-10 min after exercise (p = 0.0073) and the RMSSD was increased at 25-30 min after exercise compared to 5-15 min after exercise (p = 0.0043). The LF in absolute units was increased at 25-30 min after exercise compared to 5-20 min after exercise (p = 0.0184). CONCLUSION: A single bout of exercise with a flexible pole reduced the heart rate variability and parasympathetic recovery was observed approximately 30 min after exercise.