An assessment of Brazilian dentists' knowledge about tooth fragment reattachment: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Crown fractures are common traumatic dental injuries and tooth fragment reattachment is a viable option for restoring a fractured tooth. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of dentists in the Federal District regarding the tooth fragment reattachment technique for enamel and dentin fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the cross-sectional observational study, an electronic form was designed with objective and self-report questions for dentists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with their absolute and relative frequencies. For the analysis of categorical variables, the nonparametric chi-squared or Fisher exact association tests were used in the statistical software R (version 4.2.1). RESULTS: A total of 416 dentists participated in the study (58.9% female and 41.1% male). Of these, 70% declared they knew about fragment reattachment, but only 42.3% reported previous experience with this procedure. The most common storage medium used for the fractured fragment was milk (78.1%), and the bonding material used for reattachment was light-cured composite resin (86.3%). A majority (66.3%) reported that for a patient with enamel and dentin fracture, with the crown fragment in good condition, they would choose to do the reattachment. CONCLUSION: Dentists demonstrated that they had adequate knowledge about the tooth fragment technique, although many did not have previous experience with this procedure.

Gender differences in the association of individual and contextual socioeconomic status with hypertension in 230 Latin American cities from the SALURBAL study: a multilevel analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite global interest in gender disparities and social determinants of hypertension, research in urban areas and regions with a high prevalence of hypertension, such as Latin America, is very limited. The objective of this study was to examine associations of individual- and area-level socioeconomic status with hypertension in adults living in 230 cities in eight Latin America countries. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used harmonized data from 109,184 adults (aged 18-97 years) from the SALURBAL (Salud Urbana en America Latina/Urban Health in Latin America) project. Hypertension was assessed by self-report. Individual-, sub-city- and city-level education were used as proxies of socioeconomic status. All models were stratified by gender. RESULTS: Higher individual-level education was associated with lower odds of hypertension among women (university education or higher versus lower than primary: odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61-0.74) but higher odds among men (OR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.47-1.86), although in men an inverse association emerged when measured blood pressure was used (OR = 0.86; 95%CI 0.76-0.97). For both genders, living in sub-city areas with higher educational achievement was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR per standard deviation [SD] = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.02-1.12; OR = 1.11 per SD, 95%CI = 1.05-1.18, for women and men, respectively). The association of city-level education with hypertension varied across countries. In Peru, there was an inverse association (higher city level education was associated with lower odds of hypertension) in women and men, but in other countries no association was observed. In addition, the inverse association of individual-level education with hypertension became stronger (in women) or emerged (in men) as city or sub-city education increased. CONCLUSION: The social patterning of hypertension differs by gender and by the level of analysis highlighting the importance of context- and gender-sensitive approaches and policies to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Latin America.

Screening for dysphagia in older people with dementia: Evidence of validity based on internal structure and reliability of the Caregiver Questionnaire - RaDID-QC.

OBJECTIVE: To identify internal structure validity evidence of a dysphagia screening questionnaire for caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease dementia and/or vascular dementia. METHODS: The 24-question Dysphagia Screening in Older Adults with Dementia - Caregiver Questionnaire (RaDID-QC) was administered by interviewing 170 caregivers of older people with dementia, selected by convenience at the Outpatient Reference Center for Older People. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to assess the internal structure validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze reliability. Questions with factor loadings lower than 0.45 in magnitude were removed from the final questionnaire. Multivariate multiple linear regression was used to assess the percentage of variance explained by the remaining questions. RESULTS: Kayser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's tests suggested that the questionnaire was adequate for EFA. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested that 12 components captured at least 75 % of the total variance. The corresponding 12-factor EFA model showed a statistically significant fit, and 15 out of the 24 questions had factor loadings greater than 0.45. Cronbach's alpha was 0.74 for the 15 questions, which explained 71 % of the total variance in the complete dataset. The questionnaire has adequate internal structure validity and good reliability. Based on EFA, RaDID-QC decreased from 24 to 15 questions. Other internal validity and reliability parameters will be obtained by administering the questionnaire to larger target populations. CONCLUSION: The RaDID-QC applied to caregivers of older adults with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and/or vascular dementia produced valid and reliable responses to screen dysphagia signs and symptoms.

Social environment characteristics are related to self-rated health in four Latin America countries: Evidence from the SALURBAL Project.

We investigated the associations of social and built environment and demographic features of urban areas with self-rated health among adults living in four Latin American countries. We estimated multilevel models with harmonized data from 69,840 adults, nested in 262 sub-cities and 112 cities, obtained from the Salud Urbana en América Latina project. Poor self-rated health was inversely associated with services provision score at the sub-city-level and with social environment index at the city-level. We did not identify associations of built environment and demographic features with self-rated health. Approaches and policies to improve health in Latin American should be urban context-sensitive.

Variation in youth and young adult homicide rates and their association with city characteristics in Latin America: the SALURBAL study.

Background: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the most urbanized and violent regions worldwide. Homicides in youth (15-24 years old, yo) and young adults (25-39yo) are an especially pressing public health problem. Yet there is little research on how city characteristics relate to homicide rates in youth and young adults. We aimed to describe homicide rates among youth and young adults, as well as their association with socioeconomic and built environment factors across 315 cities in eight LAC countries. Methods: This is an ecological study. We estimated homicide rates in youth and young adults for the period 2010-2016. We investigated associations of homicide rates with sub-city education and GDP, Gini, density, landscape isolation, population and population growth using sex-stratified negative binomial models with city and sub-city level random intercepts, and country-level fixed effects. Findings: The mean sub-city homicide rate per 100,000 in persons aged 15-24 was 76.9 (SD = 95.9) in male and 6.7 (SD = 8.5) in female, and in persons aged 25-39 was 69.4 (SD = 68.9) in male and 6.0 (SD = 6.7) in female. Rates were higher in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and El Salvador than in Argentina, Chile, Panama and Peru. There was significant variation in rates across cities and sub-cities, even after accounting for the country. In fully adjusted models, higher sub-city education scores and higher city GDP were associated with a lower homicide rate among male and female (rate ratios (RR) per SD higher value in male and female, respectively, 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90) and 0.90 (CI 0.86-0.93) for education and 0.87 (CI 0.81-0.92) and 0.92 (CI 0.87-0.97) for GDP). A higher city Gini index was associated with higher homicide rates (RR 1.28 (CI 1.10-1.48) and 1.21 (CI 1.07-1.36) in male and female, respectively). Greater isolation da was also associated with higher homicide rates (RR 1.13 (CI 1.07-1.21) and 1.07 (CI 1.02-1.12) in male and female, respectively). Interpretation: City and sub-city factors are associated with homicide rates. Improvements to education, social conditions and inequality and physical integration of cities may contribute to the reduction of homicides in the region. Funding: The Wellcome Trust [205177/Z/16/Z].

The COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian metropolis: repercussion on food prices.

We analyzed the impact of the efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic on the prices of food sold by a food supply center located in the sixth largest city in Brazil. We examined the percentage change in the prices of 20 types of foods, adjusted by market conditions, using municipal contingency plan stages to compare opening and closing of non-essential services, including bars and restaurants (stage 1: first phase of essential services-only; stage 2: flexibilization; and stage 3: second phase of essential services-only with a "pre-pandemic" period [stage 0]). Log-prices were lower in all contingency stages for leafy greens (variation: 42% to 56%) and vegetables (variation: 28% to 40%). Log-prices of eggs and fruit were 20% and 16% lower during stages 1 and 3, respectively. Strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lowered the prices of eggs, fruit, leafy greens, and vegetables regardless of the market conditions. Accordingly, the supply and demand for fresh and minimally processed foods were affected by the economic crisis and difficulties to access and/or buy perishable foods more often. The impacts of efforts to defeat the pandemic must ensure the human right to adequate food, considering that low prices do not necessarily indicate food security.

Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil.

Socioeconomic factors have exacerbated the impact of COVID-19 worldwide. Brazil, already marked by significant economic inequalities, is one of the most affected countries, with one of the highest mortality rates. Understanding how inequality and income segregation contribute to excess mortality by COVID-19 in Brazilian cities is essential for designing public health policies to mitigate the impact of the disease. This paper aims to fill in this gap by analyzing the effect of income inequality and income segregation on COVID-19 mortality in large urban centers in Brazil. We compiled weekly COVID-19 mortality rates from March 2020 to February 2021 in a longitudinal ecological design, aggregating data at the city level for 152 Brazilian cities. Mortality rates from COVID-19 were compared across weeks, cities and states using mixed linear models. We estimated the associations between COVID-19 mortality rates with income inequality and income segregation using mixed negative binomial models including city and week-level random intercepts. We measured income inequality using the Gini index and income segregation using the dissimilarity index using data from the 2010 Brazilian demographic census. We found that 88.2% of COVID-19 mortality rates variability was between weeks, 8.5% between cities, and 3.3% between states. Higher-income inequality and higher-income segregation values were associated with higher COVID-19 mortality rates before and after accounting for all adjustment factors. In our main adjusted model, rate ratios (RR) per 1 SD increases in income inequality and income segregation were associated with 17% (95% CI 9% to 26%) and 11% (95% CI 4% to 19%) higher mortality. Income inequality and income segregation are long-standing hallmarks of large Brazilian cities. Risk factors related to the socioeconomic context affected the course of the pandemic in the country and contributed to high mortality rates. Pre-existing social vulnerabilities were critical factors in the aggravation of COVID-19, as supported by the observed associations in this study.

Influence of the Multiple Layers Application and the Heating of Silane on the Bond Strength between Lithium Disilicate Ceramics and Resinous Cement.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength between lithium disilicate ceramic and resinous cement when silane (Prosil, FGM) was applied in different amounts of layers under heating or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty IPS E-max CAD ceramic (Ivoclar) was used. They were conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 seconds. The samples were distributed in six groups (n = 10): 1Sil, 1 layer of silane without heating; 1SilAq, 1 layer of silane with heating; 2Sil, 2 layers without heating; 2SilAq, 2 layers with heating; 3Sil, 3 layers without heating; and 3SilAq, 3 layers with heating. After each layer, a jet of cold air was applied for 20 seconds in groups 1Sil, 2Sil, 3Sil, and jet of hot air (50°C) in groups 1SilAq, 2SilAq, and 3SilAq. Subsequently, an adhesive layer was applied, and fourcylinders were made on the ceramic with a resin cement AllCemVeneer and photoactivated for 20 seconds. The samples were stored at 37°C for 24 hours and analyzed to the microshear test at EMIC. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that there was no statistical interaction between the factors studied. The "heating" factor was not statistically significant; however, the "silane layers" factor showed differences between groups. The analysis of the results showed that the use of one (66%) or two layers (67%) of silane regardless of heating, produced higher values of bond strength, when compared with the group of three layers (62%). CONCLUSION: The use of silane with one or two layers provided a greater bond strength between lithium disilicate ceramic and resinous cement and that the heating did not influence the results.

Physical Disorders and Poor Self-Rated Health in Adults Living in Four Latin American Cities: A Multilevel Approach.

Considering that urban environments may affect self-rated health through behavioral and psychosocial mechanisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-rated health and perceived urban environment characteristics among adults living in four Latin American cities. Data is from a population-based survey by Development Bank of Latin America, encompassing adults between 20 and 60 years old in Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City, and Panama City. Self-rated health was measured using a single question and the response options were categorized as poor and good. The explanatory variables were empirical Bayes estimates of self-reported area physical disorder, social disorder, access to services, and access to leisure spaces derived from the survey. The covariates were: individual age, sex, education, wealth index, and length of residency in the neighborhood; and an area social environment index. Multilevel logistic regressions with two levels (individual and sub-city areas) were fitted. Poor self-rated health was reported by 34.73% (95% CI: 33.17 to 36.29) of the participants and was associated with physical disorder (OR = 1.16 per SD; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32). Our findings suggest that public policies to promote population health should consider area urban environment factors, especially those associated with disorder.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e fatores associados à polifarmácia em pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva / Clinical-epidemiological profile and factors associated with polypharmacy in patients on renal replacement therapy / Perfil clínico-epidemiológico y factores asociados a la polifarmacia en pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renalulo espanhol

Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e fatores associados à polifarmácia de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica hemodialítica. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com delineamento descritivo-analítico realizado em um centro de hemodiálise no interior da Bahia. Foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, estilo de vida, farmacoterapia e sintomas durante as sessões de hemodiálise. Os medicamentos utilizados pelos pacientes foram classificados conforme a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e a associação entre as variáveis categóricas foi obtida por meio do Teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson, nível de significância de 5%. Do total de 187 participantes, 56,1% eram homens, com idade <60 anos (69,5%), tendo como média de idade 52 (±15,3) anos. Com comorbidade 87,7%, em especial, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica 82,7%, com prevalência de polifarmácia 89,9%. Durante as sessões de hemodiálise os pacientes apresentaram: cefaleia (72,5%), câimbras 84,5%, calafrios 68,4%, tontura 51,3%, dor abdominal 33,7%, dispneia 27,3% e outros sintomas 23,5%. Houve associação estatística entre polifarmácia e tontura (p= 0,029) e dor abdominal (p= 0,009), durante as sessões de hemodiálise. Os medicamentos mais frequentes foram os pertencentes aos grupos anatômicos A (30,4%) e C (23,4%). Verificou-se alta prevalência de polifarmácia, sendo que os resultados obtidos poderão auxiliar gestores e profissionais da área da saúde nas tomadas de decisão, aperfeiçoando assim, a assistência ao paciente com doença renal crônica.

This study aimed to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and factors associated with polypharmacy in patients with hemodialysis chronic renal failure. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a descriptive-analytical design carried out in a hemodialysis center in the interior of Bahia. Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, pharmacotherapy and symptoms data were evaluated during hemodialysis sessions. The medications used by patients were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the association between categorical variables was obtained using Pearson's Chi-square test, significance level of 5%. Of the total of 187 participants, 56.1% were men, aged <60 years (69.5%), with a mean age of 52 (±15.3) years. With comorbidity 87.7%, in particular, systemic arterial hypertension 82.7%, with a prevalence of polypharmacy 89.9%. During hemodialysis sessions, patients presented: headache (72.5%), cramps 84.5%, chills 68.4%, dizziness 51.3%, abdominal pain 33.7%, dyspnea 27.3% and other symptoms 23.5%. There was a statistical association between polypharmacy and dizziness (p= 0.029) and abdominal pain (p= 0.009) during hemodialysis sessions. The most frequent medications were those belonging to anatomical groups A (30.4%) and C (23.4%). There was a high prevalence of polypharmacy, and the results obtained could help managers and health professionals in decision-making, thus improving care for patients with chronic kidney disease.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico y los factores asociados a la polifarmacia en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico transversal, con diseño descriptivo- analítico, realizado en un centro de hemodiálisis del interior de Bahía. Durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis se evaluaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, de estilo de vida, farmacoterapéuticos y de síntomas. Los medicamentos utilizados por los pacientes se clasificaron según la Química Terapéutica Anatómica. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y la asociación entre variables categóricas se obtuvo mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, nivel de significancia del 5%. Del total de 187 participantes, el 56,1% eran hombres, edad <60 años (69,5%), con una edad media de 52 (±15,3) años. Con comorbilidad 87,7%, en particular hipertensión arterial sistémica 82,7%, con prevalencia de polifarmacia 89,9%. Durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis los pacientes presentaron: dolor de cabeza (72,5%), calambres 84,5%, escalofríos 68,4%, mareos 51,3%, dolor abdominal 33,7%, disnea 27,3% y otros síntomas 23,5%. Hubo asociación estadística entre polifarmacia y mareos (p= 0,029) y dolor abdominal (p= 0,009) durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis. Los medicamentos más frecuentes fueron los pertenecientes a los grupos anatómicos A (30,4%) y C (23,4%). Hubo una alta prevalencia de polifarmacia y los resultados obtenidos podrían ayudar a gestores y profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones, mejorando así la atención a los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.

The COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian metropolis: repercussion on food prices / A pandemia de COVID-19 em uma metrópole brasileira: repercussão sobre o preço dos alimentos / La pandemia de COVID-19 en una metrópolis brasileña: repercusión en los precios de las comidas

We analyzed the impact of the efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic on the prices of food sold by a food supply center located in the sixth largest city in Brazil. We examined the percentage change in the prices of 20 types of foods, adjusted by market conditions, using municipal contingency plan stages to compare opening and closing of non-essential services, including bars and restaurants (stage 1: first phase of essential services-only; stage 2: flexibilization; and stage 3: second phase of essential services-only with a "pre-pandemic" period [stage 0]). Log-prices were lower in all contingency stages for leafy greens (variation: 42% to 56%) and vegetables (variation: 28% to 40%). Log-prices of eggs and fruit were 20% and 16% lower during stages 1 and 3, respectively. Strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lowered the prices of eggs, fruit, leafy greens, and vegetables regardless of the market conditions. Accordingly, the supply and demand for fresh and minimally processed foods were affected by the economic crisis and difficulties to access and/or buy perishable foods more often. The impacts of efforts to defeat the pandemic must ensure the human right to adequate food, considering that low prices do not necessarily indicate food security.

Foi analisado o impacto dos esforços para combater a pandemia da COVID-19 sobre o preço dos alimentos comercializados por uma central de abastecimento na sexta maior cidade brasileira. Examinou-se as variações percentuais dos preços de vinte tipos de alimentos, ajustados pelas condições de mercado e pelas fases dos planos de contingência municipais com a abertura e fechamento de serviços não essenciais como bares e restaurantes (fase 1: primeira fase, apenas de serviços essenciais; fase 2: flexibilização; e fase 3: segunda fase apenas de serviços essenciais em comparação com o período "pré-pandêmico" [fase 0]). Os preços logarítmicos eram mais baixos em todas as fases de contingência para vegetais folhosos (variação: 42% e 56%) e hortaliças (variação: 28% a 40%). Os preços logarítmicos de ovos e frutas eram 20% e 16% mais baixos durante as fases 1 e 3, respectivamente. As estratégias para mitigar a pandemia da COVID-19 resultaram em preços mais baixos para ovos, frutas, vegetais folhosos e hortaliças, independentemente das condições de mercado. Isso revela a repercussão das estratégias de combate sobre a procura e oferta de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, o que pode ser modulado pela crise econômica e pelas dificuldades em acessar e/ou comprar alimentos perecíveis regularmente. Os esforços para eliminar os impactos da pandemia devem assegurar o direito humano à alimentação adequada, uma vez que os preços baixos podem não ser sinônimos de segurança alimentar.

Analizamos el impacto de los esfuerzos para luchar contra la pandemia de COVID-19 en los precios de las comidas vendidas por un centro de suministro alimentario, localizado en la sexta ciudad más grande de Brasil. Examinamos el porcentaje de cambios en los precios de veinte tipos de comidas, ajustados por las condiciones de mercado, por las etapas del plan de contingencia municipal, con la apertura y cierre de los servicios no esenciales como bares y restaurantes (etapa 1: 1ª fase de solo servicios esenciales; etapa 2: flexibilización; y etapa 3: 2ª fase de solo servicios esenciales, en comparación con un periodo "pre-pandemia" [etapa 0]). El registro de precios era más bajo en todas las etapas de contingencia para todas las verduras de hoja verde (variación: 42% a 56%) y hortalizas (variación: 28% a 40%). El registro de precios de huevos y frutas fueron un 20% y un 16% más bajo durante las etapas 1 y 3, respectivamente. Las estrategias para mitigar la pandemia de COVID-19 resultaron en precios más bajos para los huevos, frutas, verduras de hojas verdes y hortalizas, independientemente de sus condiciones de mercado. Además, revela su repercusión en el suministro y demanda de comidas naturales y mínimamente procesadas, lo que quizás se vio modulado por la crisis económica y las dificultades para acceder y/o comprar alimentos perecederos más frecuentemente. Los esfuerzos para eliminar los impactos de la pandemia deben garantizar el derecho humano a alimentos adecuados, puesto que un bajo precio no es indicativo de seguridad alimentaria.

Aesthetic restoration using composite resin in teeth with inactive carious lesions: a conservative and predictable approach / Restabelecimento da estética com Resina composta em dentes com cárie inativa: uma abordagem conservadora e previsível

ABSTRACT The importance of correct diagnosis, planning and treatment of dental spots is extremely important during aesthetic rehabilitation. Aesthetic requirements have become increasingly common in current society, and direct composite resin restorations are indicated due to the great advancement and increasing improvements of adhesive systems and composite resins. This work presents the clinical case of an oral aesthetic rehabilitation involving direct composite resin veneers associated with dental bleaching. The patient CSM, female, 21 years old, without systemic diseases, attended the dental clinic of the Morgana Potrich Eirelli College (FAMP) complaining of the unsatisfactory aesthetic appearance of her teeth. After careful anamnesis and detailed intraoral and extraoral examination, we identified the presence of a white spot on the upper anterior teeth. The spot was smooth and shiny, did not have soft tissue, and was well delimited and located in the cervical region. These characteristics led to the diagnosis of inactive carious lesions in the facial surface of the upper anterior teeth. After the treatment planning and its approval by the patient, the treatment started. The composite resin veneers associated with dental bleaching were indicated for better aesthetic results. The results achieved were satisfactory and met the patient's aesthetic requirements by means of a correct diagnosis, study, and adequate planning for the case.

RESUMO A importância do correto diagnóstico, planejamento e tratamento das manchas dentárias é de suma importância durante uma reabilitação estética. As exigências estéticas têm se tornado cada vez mais recorrentes na sociedade atual e as restaurações diretas de resina composta são indicadas graças aos grandes avanços e crescente melhoramento dos sistemas adesivos e das resinas compostas. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico, onde foi realizado uma reabilitação oral estética envolvendo facetas diretas de resina composta associada ao clareamento dental. Paciente C. S. M do sexo feminino, 21 anos de idade, sem doenças sistêmicas, compareceu a clínica odontológica da Faculdade Morgana Potrich Eirelli (FAMP) queixando-se de estética insatisfatória nos dentes, após anamnese criteriosa, exame clínico intra e extra oral detalhados foi observado a presença de mancha branca nos dentes anteriores superiores, lisa, brilhante, sem a presença de tecido amolecido, bem delimitada e localizada na região cervical. Através dessas características e de uma anamenese criteriosa chegou-se ao diagnóstico de lesões de cárie inativa na vestibular dos dentes anteriores superiores. Após o planejamento e a aprovação da paciente, o tratamento iniciou-se, sendo indicado a confecção de facetas de resina composta associada ao clareamento dental para melhores resultados estético. Os resultados alcançados foram satisfatórios, atendendo as exigências estéticas e a satisfação da paciente, através de um correto diagnóstico, estudo e planejamento adequado para o caso.

Interações medicamentosas e consequentes intervenções farmacêuticas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado em Macapá, Amapá / Interactions medicative and consequents interventions pharmaceutics in the unity of intensive therapy in a private hospital in Macapa, Amapa

Introdução: Pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são submetidos a tratamentos com múltiplos fármacos, visto a gravidade dos problemas que são tratados. A interação medicamentosa é definida como um evento causado pela modificação do efeito ou aproveitamento de um fármaco no organismo em virtude de outro. A avaliação das potenciais interações medicamentosas pode auxiliar a equipe multiprofissional a promover um tratamento de qualidade, evitando que estas interações sejam danosas ao paciente, diminuindo o tempo de internação e consequentemente auxiliando na redução de custos. Objetivo: Avaliar as principais interações medicamentosas observadas nas UTI de um hospital privado na cidade de Macapá (Amapá, AP) através da análise das prescrições e das consequentes intervenções adotadas a fim de minimizar seus riscos. Método: Foram avaliadas prescrições de pacientes internados em UTI quanto à presença de potenciais interações medicamentosas e sua respectiva classificação, segundo seu risco e mecanismo. As principais interações foram destacadas a fim de destacar seu mecanismo e medidas adotadas pela equipe multidisciplinar. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria das interações, tanto na UTI adulto quanto na UTI neonatal, foram consideradas de risco moderado. As interações farmacocinéticas foram mais comuns na UTI adulto, enquanto as farmacodinâmicas predominaram na UTI neonatal. O manejo no horário de administração dos medicamentos foi a intervenção mais adequada para a maioria dos casos das interações medicamentosas. Conclusões: o monitoramento das potenciais interações em pacientes críticos procura garantir a segurança do paciente, buscando diminuir os riscos potenciais aos quais estes estão expostos.

Introduction: Patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) are submitted to multiple drug treatments, considering the severity of their problems. Drug interaction is defined as an event caused by the modification of the effect or use of a drug in the body. The evaluation of potential drug interactions can help the multiprofessional team to promote a quality treatment, avoiding harmful interactions, reducing the length of hospitalization and consequently reducing costs. Objective: To evaluate the main drug interactions observed in the ICUs of a private hospital in the city of Macapá, Brazil, through the analysis of the prescriptions and the consequent interventions adopted in order to minimize their risks. Method: Prescriptions of patients admitted to the ICU were evaluated for the presence of potential drug interactions and their respective classification according to their risk and mechanism. A brief bibliographic study about the main interactions was carried out in order to highlight its mechanism and the measures adopted by the multidisciplinary team. Results: We observed that the majority of the interactions, both in the adult ICU and in the neonata ICU, were considered of moderate risk. Pharmacokinetic interactions were more common in the adult ICU, while pharmacodynamics predominated in the neonatal intensive care unit. Management during the administration of medications was the most appropriate intervention for most cases of drug interactions. Conclusions: Monitoring of potential interactions in critically ill patients seeks to ensure patient safety in order to reduce the potential risks to which they are exposed.