[Modern technologies of the blood saving in patients with hemophilia].

The results of observation and treatment of 15 patients, suffering hemophilia, in whom during operative interventions autohemotransfusion was applied, were presented. In conditions of thorough monitoring of the hemostasis system and adequate correction of the blood clotting factors disorders, the method permits to reduce the volume of the donor's blood preparations transfusion, thus lowering the possibility of hypersensibilization, hemotransfusion reactions and complications occurrence.

[Application of glass-crystalline granules of biosit-elcor for reducing the size of trepanation cavity in middle ear surgery].

The authors describe experience in application of bioglass preparations (biosit-elcor) for partial obliteration of mastoid cavities in open operations on the middle ear in 17 patients. Long-term results were studied with otomicroscopy and computed tomography of the temporal bones. A good morphological result of the operation (complete epithelization of the wound surface, no discharge from the ear) was achieved in all the patients. Computed tomography showed step-by-step osteointegration of the implant.

[Experience in using extracorporeal detoxication in the intensive therapy of autoimmune pathology]. / Opyt primeneniia éktrakorporal'noi detoksikatsii v intensivnoi terapii autoimmunnoi patologii.

The author submits results of treatment of patients with various autoimmune pathologies. Intensive care therapy of the above patients involving sorption detoxication and separation plasmapheresis were shown to allow definite reduction in blood concentrations of different type metabolites, which fact permits enhancing efficiency of treatment of patients presenting with scalded skin syndrome, Raynaud's disease, myasthenia and chronic pyelonephritis.

[Enterosorption and therapeutic plasmapheresis in the intensive therapy of patients with acute leukemia and of persons who were victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Enterosorbtsiia i lechebnyi plazmaferez v intensivnoi terapii bol'nykh ostrym leikozom i u lits, postradavshikh v rezul'tate avarii na ChAES.

The paper reports on the preliminary experience of treatment of those patients having been the victims to the reactor accident at the Chernobyl NPP as well as of those with acute and chronic leukoses, having received courses of modern cytostatic therapy. The patients were exposed to therapeutic plasmapheresis and enterosorption as part of a complex conventional treatment programme. The conclusion the authors have come to is as follows: enterosorption strikingly reduces manifestations of "cytostatic disease"; the use of plasmapheresis in those persons having been previously exposed to small dose chronic radiation, makes for improvement of clinical and laboratory values but further studies are warranted to determine indications for therapeutic plasmapheresis.

[Plasmapheresis in the intensive therapy of renal insufficiency]. / Plazmaferez v intensivnoi terapii pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

Results of the treatment of 12 patients operated on organs of the abdominal cavity for peritonitis and 2 patients with purulent pyelonephritis are described. The patients had different degrees of disturbances of the renal function (renal insufficiency included). The use of plasmapheresis improved the diuretic function of the kidneys, parameters of glomerular filtration and reduced azotemia. However in patients with the terminal renal insufficiency the including of plasmapheresis and hemofiltration proved to be unsuccessful.

[Application of plasmapheresis and perftoran in thoracic diseases]. / Ispol'zovanie plazmafereza i perftorana v torakal'noi klinike.

In patients with purulent disease of thoracic cavity the discrete plasmapheresis and infusion-transfusional therapy, using perftoran emulsion, were applied in complex of treatment. The efficacy of application of oxygentransporting blood substitutes, based on perfluorohydrocarbons, for the plasmexfusion and in the treatment of respiratory hypoxia in patients was established.

[Blood transfusion and therapeutic plasmapheresis]. / Transfuzionnoe obespechenie pri lechebnom plazmafereze.

The authors used gravitation plasmapheresis in 153 patients with different diseases and developed and substantiated principles of correcting therapy based on the combination of different transfusion media. The use of transfusion maintenance in plasmapheresis results in considerably less side reactions and complications.

[The status of intracellular metabolism during intensive therapy of severe surgical endotoxicosis]. / Sostoianie vnutrikletochnogo metabolizma pri intensivnoi terapii tiazhelogo khirurgicheskogo éndotoksikoza.

Introduction of separation plasmapheresis and plasmasorption into intensive therapy of 60 patients with surgical endotoxemia ensured marked detoxication, which manifested in earlier improvement of the clinical symptoms and normalization of intracellular metabolism in cellular elements of the peripheral blood. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the use of the above treatment procedures for elimination of profound intracellular metabolic disturbances in the postoperative period.

[Extracorporeal detoxification (hemosorption, plasmapheresis and plasma exchange) in the intensive therapy of hemolytic disorders]. / Ekstrakorporal'naia detoksikatsiia (gemosorpbtsiia, plazmaferez i plazmoobmen) v intensivnoi terapii gemoliticheskikh sostoianii.

Extracorporeal detoxication techniques (hemosorption, plasmapheresis and plasma exchange) were used in a complex therapy of 55 patients with hemolytic disorders of different etiology. The results of clinical and laboratory studies confirm the efficacy of plasmapheresis. Skin surfaces and mucosa became less icteric, the size of the spleen and liver diminished, the levels of free hemoglobin, bilirubin and circulating immune complexes decreased, blood toxicity reduced. Unlike hemosorption, plasmapheresis and plasma exchange had no unfavourable effects on blood cells.

[Hemosorption and transfusion therapy in diffuse peritonitis]. / Gemosorbtsionno-transfuzionnaia terapiia u bol'nykh razlitym peritonitom.

A combination of the transfusion therapy and hemosorption for the treatment of patients with diffuse peritonitis was followed by a considerable improvement of the general state of the patients and a pronounced regression of peritoneal symptoms. The complex therapy in addition to the desintoxication effect was found to result in an improvement of rheological properties of blood which opens new prospects in the treatment of patients with peritonitis.

[Breast cancer diagnostics based on extracellular DNA and RNA circulating in blood].

Extracellular DNA and RNA were extracted from blood plasma and cell surface-bound fractions of patients with breast tumors and healthy controls. Frequency of RASSF1A, Cyclin D2 and RARbeta2 methylation was detected using methylation-specific PCR in the extracellular DNA, extracted from plasma and cell-surface bound fractions of patient blood. Methylation of at least one of these genes was found in plasma of 13% patients with benign breast fibroadenoma and in 60% of breast cancer patients. Using cell-surface bound DNA as a substrate for PCR have lead to increase of gene methylation detection frequency up to 87% in fibroadenoma and 95% in breast cancer patients without false positive controls. GAPDH, RASSF8, Ki-67 RNA and 18S RNA were quantified using RT-qPCR of the extracellular RNA circulating in blood of patients with breast tumors and healthy controls. The main part of the extracellular RNA was shown to be cell-surface bound. Results show a higher amount of RASSF8, Ki-67 RNA and 18S RNA in plasma and cell-bound fraction of patients with breast cancer compared with patients with benign tumors and healthy controls. The data indicate that the specific RNA quantification in blood plasma is valuable for discrimination between cancer and benign tumors, which can be detected with high sensitivity using analysis of methylated RASSF1A, Cyclin D2 and RARbeta2 genes in extracellular circulating DNA.

Cell-free and cell-bound circulating DNA in breast tumours: DNA quantification and analysis of tumour-related gene methylation.

Tumour development is characterised by the increased circulating DNA (cirDNA) concentration and by tumour-related changes in blood plasma DNA. Concentration of cirDNA and methylation of RARbeta2, RASSF1A and HIC-1 gene promoters were investigated in cell-free and cell-surface-bound fractions from healthy donors, patients with breast cancer, and patients with breast fibroadenoma. Tumour development was shown to lead to significant changes in the distribution of cirDNA between cell-free and cell-surface-bound fractions. Analysis of RARbeta2 and RASSF1A methylation in the total cirDNA provides 95% diagnostic coverage in breast cancer patients, 60% in patients with benign lesions, and is without false-positive results in healthy women. Results of the study indicate that methylation-specific PCR of RARbeta2 and RASSF1A genes based on the total cirDNA combined with the quantitative analysis of cirDNA distribution between cell-bound and cell-free fractions in blood provide the sensitive and accurate detection and discrimination of malignant and benign breast tumours.

Plasma content of extracellular nucleic acids in donors and patients with mammary tumors.

The concentrations of extracellular DNA and RNA were measured in the plasma of donors and patients with fibroadenoma and breast cancer. The content of extracellular DNA surpassed the normal in 80% plasma samples from patients with mammary tumors. Extracellular RNA was detected in 30% plasma samples from donors and patients with breast tumors. No correlations were found between plasma concentration of extracellular DNA and size and stage of tumor growth. Hence, measurement of extracellular DNA in the plasma of patients can be used only as an accessory test for tumor diagnosis.

[Plasmapheresis in the complex treatment of acute pancreatitis]. / Primenenie plazmafereza v kompleksnom lechenii ostrogo pankreatita.

After the performance of therapeutical plasmapheresis in the blood of the patients with acute pancreatitis, the concentrations of bilirubin, urea, creatinine++, the plasma toxicity decreased. The use of plasmapheresis in the complex of intensive therapy permits to reduce considerably endotoxemia, facilitates the effectiveness of treatment.